CN101232870A - 纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼制剂 - Google Patents
纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101232870A CN101232870A CNA2006800283292A CN200680028329A CN101232870A CN 101232870 A CN101232870 A CN 101232870A CN A2006800283292 A CNA2006800283292 A CN A2006800283292A CN 200680028329 A CN200680028329 A CN 200680028329A CN 101232870 A CN101232870 A CN 101232870A
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- Prior art keywords
- imatinib mesylate
- ammonium
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- chlorination
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Abstract
本发明涉及甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的纳米微粒组合物,这些组合物具有改善的药代动力学曲线和减少了进食/禁食可变性。该组合物中的纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒的有效平均粒度小于约2000nm,并且可用于治疗慢性髓细胞性白血病、胃肠道间质瘤及相关疾病。
Description
相关专利申请的交叉参考
本申请要求于2005年6月3日递交的美国临时专利申请号60/687,146的35U.S.C.§119(e)下的权益,该申请通过引用而整体结合到本文中。
发明领域
本发明总体涉及用于治疗慢性髓细胞性白血病、胃肠道间质瘤及相关疾病的化合物和组合物。更具体地说,本发明涉及纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物。纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物的有效平均粒度小于约2000nm。
发明背景
A.有关甲磺酸伊马替尼的背景
甲磺酸伊马替尼,化学上称为4-[(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)甲基]-N-[4-甲基-3-[[4-(3-吡啶基)-2-嘧啶基]氨基]-苯基]苯甲酰胺甲磺酸盐,分子式为C29H31N7O·CH4SO3,分子量为589.7。
甲磺酸伊马替尼的化学结构如下所示:
甲磺酸伊马替尼为白色-类白色到浅褐色或浅黄色色调的结晶粉末。甲磺酸伊马替尼可溶于≤pH 5.5的水性缓冲液中,而在中性到碱性的水性缓冲液中微溶到不溶。在非水溶剂中,甲磺酸伊马替尼自由溶解到极微溶于二甲亚砜、甲醇和乙醇,但是不溶于正辛醇、丙酮和乙腈。
甲磺酸伊马替尼在商业上可以商品名为Gleevec的薄膜包衣片获得,它由Novartis Pharma Stein AG(Stein,Switzerland)制备,NovartisPharmaceuticals Corporation(East Hanover,New Jersey)销售。Gleevec可以含有相当于100mg或400mg伊马替尼游离碱量的甲磺酸伊马替尼的浓度获得。Gleevec含有无活性组分,这些组分包括胶体二氧化硅;交联聚维酮;羟丙基甲基纤维素;硬脂酸镁;及微晶纤维素以及含有氧化铁红;氧化铁黄;羟丙基甲基纤维素;聚乙二醇和滑石粉的片剂包衣剂。
甲磺酸伊马替尼适用于治疗费城染色体阳性慢性髓细胞性白血病(CML)和Kit(CD 117)阳性不可切除的和/或转移性恶性胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)。
Gleevec通常给慢性相CML的成年患者处方400mg/天的剂量及给加速相或突发危象的成年患者处方600mg/天的剂量。另外为患有不可切除的和/或转移性恶性GIST的成年患者推荐400mg/天或600mg/天剂量的Gleevec。Gleevec通常口服给药,用饭和一大杯水服用,剂量为400mg或600mg,每天一次,及以400mg每天两次共给予800mg剂量。
甲磺酸伊马替尼化合物已经公开,例如在Zimmermann的美国专利号5,521,184“嘧啶衍生物及其制备方法(Pyrimidine Derivatives andProcesses for the Preparation Thereof)”和Bhalla等的美国专利申请号2004/0127571“用辛二酰苯胺Hydromaxic Acid和甲磺酸伊马替尼的联合药物治疗白血病的方法(Method of Treating Leukemia with aCombination of Suberoylanilide Hydromaxic Acid and ImatinibMesylate)”中公开。这两篇参考文献均通过引用结合到本文中。
甲磺酸伊马替尼在慢性髓细胞性白血病、胃肠道间质瘤及相关疾病的治疗上具有较高的治疗价值。然而,因为常规的非纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼片于37℃在水中仅微溶,所以常规甲磺酸伊马替尼片的溶出在禁食状态下比在进食状态下减少。因此,甲磺酸伊马替尼的生物利用度在禁食状态下比在进食状态下有限,这限制了所有需要甲磺酸伊马替尼的治疗的治疗结果。
B.有关纳米微粒活性剂组合物的背景
纳米微粒活性剂组合物在美国专利号5,145,684(“′684专利”)中首先描述,是由溶解性差的治疗或诊断性药物组成的颗粒,该治疗或诊断性药物在其表面上吸附非交联表面稳定剂。′684专利未描述甲磺酸伊马替尼的纳米微粒组合物。
制备纳米微粒活性剂组合物的方法在下列专利中已有描述,例如美国专利号5,518,187和5,862,999,两者的标题均为“研磨药用物质的方法(Method of Grinding Pharmaceutical Substances)”;美国专利号5,718,388,“研磨药用物质的连续方法(Continuous Method of GrindingPharmaceutical Substances)”;及美国专利号5,510,118“制备含纳米微粒治疗用组合物的方法(Process of Preparing Therapeutic CompositionsContaining Nanoparticles)”。
纳米微粒活性剂组合物也在下列专利中有描述,例如美国专利号5,298,262“离子云点改性剂在防止灭菌期间颗粒聚集中的用途(Use ofIonic C1oud Point Modifiers to Prevent Particle Ag.gregation DuringSterilization)”;5,302,401“减少冷冻干燥期间粒度生长的方法(Methodto Reduce Particle Size Growth During Lyophilization)”;5,318,767“用于医学成像的X-射线对比组合物(X-Ray Contrast Compositions Useful inMedical Imaging)”;5,326,552“采用高分子量非离子表面活性剂的纳米微粒X-射线血液池对比剂的新制剂(Novel Formulation ForNanoparticulate X-Ray Blood Pool Contrast Agents Using HighMolecular Weight Non-ionic Surfactants)”;5,328,404“采用碘化芳族丙二酸酯的X-射线成像方法(Method of X-Ray Imaging Using IodinatedAromatic Propanedioates)”;5,336,507“带电荷磷脂在减少纳米微粒聚集中的用途(Use of Charged Phospholipids to Reduce NanoparticleAggregation)”;5,340,564“防止颗粒聚集和增加稳定性的包含Olin10-G的制剂(Formulations Comprising Olin 10-G to Prevent ParticleAggregation and Increase Stability)”;5,346,702“非离子云点改性剂在使灭菌期间纳米微粒聚集最小化中的用途(Use of Non-Ionic Cloud PointModifiers to Minimize Nanoparticulate Aggregation DuringSterilization)”;5,349,957“非常小的磁性葡聚糖颗粒的制备和磁性性质(Preparation and Magnetic Properties of Very Small Magnetic-DextranParticles)”;5,352,459“纯化表面改性剂在防止灭菌期间颗粒聚集中的用途(Use of Purified Surface Modifiers to Prevent Particle AggregationDuring Sterilization)”;5,399,363和5,494,683,两者的标题均为“表面改性的抗癌纳米微粒(Surface Modified Anticancer Nanoparticles)”;5,401,492“用作磁共振增强剂的水不溶性非磁性锰颗粒(WaterInsoluble Non-Magnetic Manganese Particles as Magnetic ResonanceEnhancement Agents)”;5,429,824“泰洛沙泊作为纳米微粒稳定剂的用途(Use of Tyloxapol as a Nanoparticulate Stabilizer)”;5,447,710“采用高分子量非离子表面活性剂制备纳米微粒X-射线血液池对比剂的方法(Method for Making Nanopartculate X-Ray Blood Pool Contrast AgentsUsing High Molecular Weight Non-ionic Surfactants)”;5,451,393“用于医学成像的X-射线对比组合物(X-Ray Contrast Compositions Useful inMedical Imaging)”;5,466,440“与药学上可接受的粘土组合的口服胃肠道诊断X-射线对比剂制剂(Formulations of Oral GastrointestinalDiagnostic X-Ray Contrast Agents in Combination with PharmaceuticallyAcceptable Clays)”;5,470,583“制备含有减少聚集的带电荷磷脂纳米微粒组合物的方法(Method of Preparing Nanoparticle CompositionsContaining Charged Phospholipids to Reduce Aggregation)”;5,472,683“作为用于血液池和淋巴系统成像的X-射线对比剂的纳米微粒诊断用混合氨基甲酸酐(Nanoparticulate Diagnostic Mixed CarbamicAnhydrides as X-Ray Contrast Agents for Blood Pool and LymphaticSystem Imaging)”;5,500,204“作为用于血液池和淋巴系统成像的X-射线对比剂的纳米微粒诊断用二聚物(Nanoparticulate DiagnosticDimers as X-Ray Contrast Agents for Blood Pool and Lymphatic SystemImaging)”;5,518,738“纳米微粒NSAID制剂(Nanoparticulate NSAIDFormulations)”;5,521,218“用作X-射线对比剂的纳米微粒Iododipamide衍生物(Nanoparticulate Iododipamide Derivatives for Useas X-Ray Contrast Agents)”;5,525,328“用于血液池和淋巴系统成像的纳米微粒诊断用Diatrizoxy酯X-射线对比剂(NanoparticulateDiagnostic Diatrizoxy Ester X-Ray Contrast Agents for Blood Pool andLymphatic System Imaging)”;5,543,133“制备含有纳米微粒的X-射线对比组合物的方法(Process of Preparing X-Ray Contrast CompositionsContaining Nanoparticles)”;5,552,160“表面改性的NSAID纳米微粒(Surface Modified NSAID Nanoparticles)”;5,560,931“用作可消化油或脂肪酸中的纳米微粒分散体的化合物制剂(Formulations of Compoundsas Nanoparticulate Dispersions in Digestible Oils or Fatty Acids)”;5,565,188“用作纳米微粒表面改性剂的聚亚烷基嵌段共聚物(Polyalkylene Block Copolymers as Surface Modifiers forNanoparticles)”;5,569,448“用作纳米微粒组合物稳定剂涂层的硫酸酯化非离子嵌段共聚物表面活性剂(Sulfated Non-ionic Block CopolymerSurfactant as Stabilizer Coatings for Nanoparticle Compositions)”;5,571,536“用作可消化油或脂肪酸中的纳米微粒分散体的化合物制剂(Formulations of Compounds as Nanoparticulate Dispersions in DigestibleOils or Fatty Acids)”;5,573,749“作为用于血液池和淋巴系统成像的X-射线对比剂的纳米微粒诊断用混合酸酐(Nanoparticulate DiagnosticMixed Carboxylic Anydrides as X-Ray Contrast Agents for Blood Pooland Lymphatic System Imaging)”;5,573,750“诊断成像X-射线对比剂(Diagnostic Imaging X-Ray Contrast Agents)”;5,573,783“具有保护性外层的可再分散纳米微粒薄膜基质(Redispersible Nanoparticulate FilmMatrices With Protective Overcoats)”;5,580,579“采用通过高分子量线性聚(环氧乙烷)聚合物稳定的纳米微粒的GI道内部位特异性粘合(Site-specific Adhesion Within the GI Tract Using NanoparticlesStabilized by High Molecular Weight,Linear Poly(ethylene Oxide)Polymers)”;5,585,108“与药学上可接受的粘土组合的口服胃肠道治疗药物的制剂(Formulations of Oral Gastrointestinal Therapeutic Agents inCombination with Pharmaceutically Acceptable Clays)”;5,587,143“用作纳米微粒组合物稳定剂涂层的环氧丁烷-环氧乙烷嵌段共聚物表面活性剂(Butylene Oxide-Ethylene Oxide Block Copolymers Surfactants asStabilizer Coatings for Nanoparticulate Compositions)”;5,591,456“与作为分散体稳定剂的羟丙基纤维素一起研磨的萘普生(Milled Naproxenwith Hydfoxypropyl Cellulose as Dispersion Stabilizer)”;5,593,657“通过非离子和阴离子稳定剂稳定的新的钡盐制剂(Novel Barium SaltFormulations Stabilized by Non-ionic and Anionic Stabilizers)”;5,622,938“纳米晶体的基于糖的表面活性剂(Sugar Based Surfactant forNanocrystals)”;5,628,981“口服胃肠诊断X-射线对比剂和口服胃肠治疗剂的改良制剂(Improved Formulations of Oral GastrointestinalDiagnostic X-Ray Contrast Agents and Oral Gastrointestinal TherapeuticAgents)”;5,643,552“作为用于血液池和淋巴系统成像的X-射线对比剂的纳米微粒诊断用混合碳酸酐(Nanoparticulate Diagnostic MixedCarbonic Anhydrides as X-Ray Contrast Agents for Blood Pool andLymphatic System Imaging)”;5,718,388“研磨药用物质的连续方法(Continuous Method of Groinding Pharmaceutical Substances)”;5,718,919“含有R(-)布洛芬对映体的纳米微粒(Nanoparticles Containing the R(-)Enantiomer of Ibuprofen)”;5,747,001“含有倍氯米松纳米微粒分散体的气雾剂(Aerosols Containing Beclomethasone NanoparticleDispersions)”;5,834,025“静脉内给药的纳米微粒制剂诱发的生理副反应的减少(Reduction of Intravenously Administered NanoparticulateFormulation Induced Adverse Physiological Reactions)”;6,045,829“采用纤维素类表面稳定剂的人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)蛋白酶抑制剂的纳米结晶制剂(Nanocrystalline Formulations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)Protease Inhibitors Using Cellulosic Surface Stabilizers)”;6,068,858“采用纤维素类表面稳定剂制备人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)蛋白酶抑制剂的纳米结晶制剂的方法(Methods of Making NanocrystallineFormulations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)ProteaseInhibitors Using Cellulosic Surface Stabilizers)”;6,153,225“纳米微粒萘普生的可注射制剂(Injectable Formulations of NanoparticulateNaproxen)”;6,165,506“纳米微粒萘普生的新固体剂型(New Solid DoseForm of Nanoparticulate Naproxen)”;6,221,400“采用人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)蛋白酶抑制剂的纳米结晶制剂治疗哺乳动物的方法(Methods ofTreating Mammals Using Nanocrystalline Formulations of HumanImmunodeficiency Virus(HIV)Protease Inhibitors)”;6,264,922“含有纳米微粒分散体的雾化气雾剂(Nebulized Aerosols ContainingNanoparticle Dispersions)”;6,267,989“防止纳米微粒组合物中晶体生长和颗粒聚集的方法(Methods for Preventing Crystal Growth andParticle Aggregation in Nanoparticle Compositions)”;6,270,806“PEG-衍生化类脂作为用于纳米微粒组合物的表面稳定剂的用途(Use ofPEG-Derivatized Lipids as Surface Stabilizers for NanoparticulateCompositions)”;6,316,029“速崩固体口服剂型(Rapidly DisintegratingSolid Oral Dosage Form)”;6,375,986“包含聚合物表面稳定剂和琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠的协同组合的固体剂量纳米微粒组合物(Solid DoseNanoparticulate Compositions Comprising a Synergistic Combination of aPolymeric Surface Stabilizer and Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate)”;6,428,814“具有阳离子表面稳定剂的生物粘附性纳米微粒组合物(Bioadhesive Nanoparticulate Compositions Having Cationic SurfaceStabilizers)”;6,431,478“小规模研磨(Small Scale Mill)”;6,432,381“靶向上和/或下胃肠道的药物释放方法(Methods for Targeting DrugDelivery to the Upper and/or Lower Gastrointestinal Tract)”;6,592,903“包含聚合物表面稳定剂和琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠的协同组合的纳米微粒分散体(Nanoparticulate Dispersions Comprising a SynergisticCombination of a Polymeric Surface Stabilizer and Dioctyl SodiumSulfosuccinate)”;6,582,285“用于卫生湿法研磨的装置(Apparatus forsanitary wet milling)”;6,656,504“包含无定形环孢菌素的纳米微粒组合物(Nanoparticulate Compositions Comprising AmorphousCyclosporine)”;6,742,734“用于研磨材料的系统和方法(System andMethod for Milling Materials)”;6,745,962“小规模研磨及其方法(SmallScale Mill and Method Thereof)”;6,811,767“纳米微粒药物的液滴气雾剂(Liquid droplet aerosols of nanoparticulate drugs)”;6,908,626“具有即释和控制释放特性组合的组合物(Compositions having a combination ofimmediate release and controlled release characteristics)”;6,969,529“包含作为表面稳定剂的乙烯基吡咯烷酮和醋酸乙烯酯的共聚物的纳米微粒组合物(Nanoparticulate compositions comprising copolymers ofvinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate as surface stabilizers)”;和6,976,647“用于研磨材料的系统和方法(System and Method for MillingMaterials)”,所有这些专利均通过引用结合到本文中。另外,美国专利公布号20020012675 A1,“控释纳米微粒组合物(Controlled ReleaseNanoparticulate Compositions)”;美国专利公布号20050276974“纳米微粒贝特类(Fibrate)制剂(Nanoparticulate Fibrate Formulations)”;美国专利公布号20050238725“具有作为表面稳定剂的肽的纳米微粒组合物(Nanoparticulate compositions having a peptide as a surface stabilizer)”;美国专利公布号20050233001“纳米微粒甲地孕酮制剂(Nanoparticulate megestrol formulations)”;美国专利公布号20050147664“包含抗体的组合物及其用于靶向纳米微粒活性剂释放的方法(Compositions comprising antibodies and methods of using thesame for targeting nanoparticulate active agent delivery)”;美国专利公布号20050063913“新的美他沙酮组合物(Novel metaxalonecompositions)”;美国专利公布号20050042177“西地那非游离碱的新组合物(Novel compositions of sildenafil free base)”;美国专利公布号20050031691“凝胶稳定化纳米微粒活性剂组合物(Gel stabilizednanoparticulate active agent compositions)”;美国专利公布号20050019412“新的格列吡嗪组合物(Novel glipizide compositions)”;美国专利公布号20050004049“新的灰黄霉素组合物(Novel griseofulvincompositions)”;美国专利公布号20040258758“纳米微粒托吡酯制剂(Nanoparticulate topiramate formulations)”;美国专利公布号20040258757“稳定的纳米微粒活性剂的液体剂量组合物(Liquiddosage compositions of stable nanoparticulate active agents)”;美国专利公布号20040229038“纳米微粒美洛昔康制剂(Nanoparticulatemeloxicam formulations)”;美国专利公布号20040208833“新的氟替卡松制剂(Novel fluticasone formulations)”;美国专利公布号20040195413“用于研磨材料的组合物和方法(Compositions and method for millingmaterials)”;美国专利公布号20040156895“包含普鲁兰的固体剂型(Solid dosage forms comprising pullulan)”;美国专利公布号美国专利公布号美国专利公布号200401 56872“新的尼美舒利组合物(Novelnimesulide compositions”;美国专利公布号20040141925“新的曲安西龙组合物(Novel triamcinolone compositions)”;美国专利公布号20040115134“新的硝苯地平组合物(Novel nifedipine compositions)”;美国专利公布号20040105889“低粘度液体剂型(Low viscosity liquiddosage forms)”;美国专利公布号20040105778“固体纳米微粒活性剂的γ照射(Gamma irradiation of solid nanoparticulate active agents)”;美国专利公布号20040101566“新的过氧化苯甲酰组合物(Novel benzoylperoxide compositions)”;美国专利公布号20040057905“纳米微粒倍氯米松二丙酸酯组合物(Nanoparticulate beclomethasone dipropionatecompositions)”;美国专利公布号20040033267“血管生成抑制剂的纳米微粒组合物(Nanoparticulate compositions of angiogenesisinhibitors)”;美国专利公布号20040033202“纳米微粒甾醇制剂和新的甾醇组合(Nanoparticulate sterol formulations and novel sterolcombinations)”;美国专利公布号20040018242“纳米微粒制霉菌素制剂(Nanoparticulate nystatin formulations)”;美国专利公布号20040015134“药物释放系统和方法(Drug delivery systems andmethods)”;美国专利公布号20030232796“纳米微粒聚二十级烷醇制剂和新的聚二十级烷醇组合(Nanoparticulate polycosanol formulations& novel polycosanol combinations)”;美国专利公布号20030215502“具有减少脆性的速溶剂型(Fast dissolving dosage forms having reducedfriability)”;美国专利公布号20030185869“具有作为表面稳定剂的溶菌酶的纳米微粒组合物(Nanoparticulate compositions having lysozymeas a surface stabilizer)”;美国专利公布号20030181411“促细胞分裂剂激活的蛋白质(MAP)激酶抑制剂的纳米微粒组合物(Nanoparticulatecompositions of mitogen-activated protein(MAP)kinase inhibitors)”;美国专利公布号20030137067“具有即释和控释特性组合的组合物(Compositions having a combination of immediate release and controlledrelease characteristics)”;美国专利公布号20030108616“包含作为表面稳定剂的乙烯基吡咯烷酮和醋酸乙烯酯的共聚物的纳米微粒组合物(Nanoparticulate compositions comprising copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate as surface stabilizers)”;美国专利公布号20030095928“纳米微粒胰岛素(Nanoparticulate insulin)”;美国专利公布号20030087308“采用小规模研磨或微量流控技术的高通量筛选方法(Method for high throughput screening using a small scale mill ormicrofluidics)”;美国专利公布号20030023203“药物释放系统和方法(Drug delivery systems & methods)”;美国专利公布号20020179758“用于研磨材料的系统和方法(System and method for milling materials)”;及美国专利公布号20010053664“用于卫生湿法研磨的装置(Apparatusfor sanitary wet milling)”,描述了纳米微粒活性剂组合物,并通过引用具体结合到本文中。
可用于治疗癌症和其他肿瘤疾病的表面改性的纳米微粒及其组合物已有描述,例如在美国专利号5,399,363和5,494,683中描述,两者的标题均为“表面改性的抗癌纳米微粒(Surface Modified AnticancerNanoparticles)”。
无定形小颗粒组合物在下列专利中有描述,例如美国专利号4,783,484“微粒组合物及其作为抗微生物剂的用途(ParticulateComposition and Use Thereof as Antimicrobial Agent)”;4,826,689“由水不溶性有机化合物制备均匀大小颗粒的方法(Method for MakingUniformly S ized Particles from Water-Insoluble Organic Compounds)”;4,997,454“由不溶性化合物制备均匀大小颗粒的方法(Method forMaking Uniformly-Sized Particles From Insoluble Compounds)”;5,741,522“用于包埋其中气泡的均匀大小的超小、非聚集多孔颗粒及方法(Ultrasmall,Non-aggregated Porous Particles of Uniform Size forEntrapping Gas Bubbles Within and Methods)”;和5,776,496“提高超声反向散射的超小多孔颗粒(Ultrasmall Porous Particles for EnhancingUltrasound Back Scatter)”。
在本领域中对克服观察到的常规甲磺酸伊马替尼剂型的进食/禁食吸收变异性,以及其他问题的甲磺酸伊马替尼制剂存在需求。克服了此类问题的本发明,涉及用于治疗慢性髓细胞性白血病、胃肠道间质瘤及相关疾病的纳米微粒组合物,该组合物包含甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物。
发明概述
本文中公开的组合物通常包括有效平均粒度小于约2000nm的纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼,或其盐或衍生物,以及至少一种表面稳定剂。表面稳定剂通常吸附在纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒的表面或与其表面缔合。任选,组合物可包括药学上可接受的载体和任何合适的赋形剂。
本文中公开的甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的纳米微粒组合物在治疗许多疾病或病症中可有效,这些疾病或病症包括但不限于慢性髓细胞性白血病、胃肠道间质瘤及相关疾病。
本发明优选的剂型为固体剂型,虽然可采用任何药学上可接受的剂型。
本发明的另一方面涉及药用组合物,该组合物包含纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的颗粒、至少一种表面稳定剂和药学上可接受的载体,以及任何期望的赋形剂。
本发明的一个实施方案包括纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物,其中纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼的药代动力学曲线不受摄取该组合物的患者的进食或禁食状态的影响。
在再一个实施方案中,本发明包括纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物,其中该组合物向禁食状态的患者给药与该组合物向进食状态的患者给药是生物等效的。
本发明的另一个实施方案涉及包含一种或多种另外的化合物的纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物,该另外的化合物用于治疗慢性髓细胞性白血病、胃肠道间质瘤及相关疾病。
本发明还公开了制备纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物的方法。该方法包括在足够提供有效平均粒度小于约2000nm的纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物的时间和条件下,将纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物与至少一种表面稳定剂接触。一种或多种表面稳定剂可以在甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒尺寸减小之前、期间或之后,与纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼接触。
本发明也涉及用本文中公开的新的纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物,治疗包括但不限于慢性髓细胞性白血病、胃肠道间质瘤及相关疾病的治疗方法。此类方法包括给予患者治疗有效量的纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物。采用本发明的纳米微粒组合物治疗的其他方法对本领域技术人员而言是已知的。
前面总的描述和以下详细的描述均是示范性的和说明性的,并用于为要求保护的本发明提供进一步解释。根据本发明的以下详述,其他目的、优点和新的特征对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。
优选实施方案的详述
本发明涉及包含甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的纳米微粒组合物。这些组合物包含甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物,并且优选至少一种吸附在药物表面上或与其表面缔合的表面稳定剂。甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物颗粒的有效平均粒度小于约2000nm。
与相同甲磺酸伊马替尼制剂的常规非纳米微粒组合物相比,本发明的纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物的优势包括但不限于:(1)更小的片剂大小或其他固体剂型大小;(2)获得相同药理学效果所需药物的剂量更小;(3)生物利用度的增加;(4)进食状态与禁食状态给药时,甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物基本上类似的药代动力学曲线;(5)甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物的生物等效性;(6)甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物溶出速率的增加;(7)当将其加入到溶液中时本发明的甲磺酸伊马替尼纳米微粒再分散;及(8)甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物可与其他用于治疗慢性髓细胞性白血病、胃肠道间质瘤及相关疾病的活性剂联合使用。
本发明也包括纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物,以及一种或多种统称为载体的非毒性生理学上可接受的载体、助剂或溶媒的组合物。这些组合物可以配制成用于非肠道注射(例如静脉内注射、肌内注射或皮下注射);以固体、液体口服给药;或气雾剂形式、阴道、鼻、直肠、眼、局部(散剂、乳膏剂或滴剂)、口颊、脑池内、腹膜内或局部给药等。
本发明优选的剂型是固体剂型,虽然可采用任何药学上可接受的剂型。示范性的固体剂型包括但不限于片剂、胶囊剂、袋剂、锭剂、散剂、丸剂或颗粒剂,并且固体剂型可以是例如速融剂型、控释剂型、冻干剂型、缓释剂型、延迟释放剂型、脉冲释放剂型、混合即释和控释剂型或其组合。优选固体剂量片剂制剂。
本发明在本文中用下面的和整个申请提出的一些定义进行描述。
如本文中使用,术语“有效平均粒度小于约2000nm”表示当通过例如沉降场流分级法、光子光联能谱法、光散射法、盘式离心法及其他本领域技术人员已知的技术测量时,基于重量(或基于其他合适的测量技术例如基于数目、体积等)计,至少约50%的纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒的大小小于约2000nm。
如本文中使用,“约”可被本领域普通技术人员理解,并将根据其中使用它的上下文,在某种程度上变化。如果在使用它的上下文中给出本领域普通技术人员不清楚的术语的使用,“约”将表示达该特定术语的加或减10%。
当本文中用于有关稳定的纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒时,“稳定的”表示但不限于一种或多种下列参数:(1)由于颗粒间的相互吸引力或者粒度随时间的显著增加,颗粒不可估计地絮凝或聚结;(2)颗粒的物理结构不随时间改变,例如从无定形相转化为结晶相;(3)颗粒化学稳定;和/或(4)在本发明的纳米微粒制备中,在甲磺酸伊马替尼的熔点或其上,甲磺酸伊马替尼未经历加热步骤。
术语“常规”或“非纳米微粒活性剂”将表示被溶解或者有效平均粒度大于约2000nm的活性剂。本文中所定义的纳米微粒活性剂的有效平均粒度小于约2000nm。
如本文中使用,短语“水溶性差的药物”指水中的溶解度小于约30mg/ml,小于约20mg/ml,小于约10mg/ml,或小于约1mg/ml的那些药物。
如本文中使用,短语“治疗有效量”将表示药物以显著的数量给予有此治疗需要的患者而提供特定药理学反应的药物剂量。应强调的是,在特定的情况下给予特定患者的药物的治疗有效量对治疗本文中描述的病症/疾病将不总是有效的,即使该剂量被本领域技术人员认为是治疗有效量。
A.本发明的纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物的优选特征
1.生物利用度增加
本发明的纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物制剂提出比先有的常规甲磺酸伊马替尼制剂显示出生物利用度的增加,及需要更小的剂量。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,当给予哺乳动物时,在小于相同的甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物的非纳米微粒剂型的剂量下,纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物产生治疗结果。
2.PK曲线改善
本发明也优选提供包含纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼或其衍生物或盐的组合物,当给予哺乳动物患者时这些组合物具有理想的药代动力学曲线。包含甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的组合物的理想的药代动力学曲线优选包括但不限于:(1)甲磺酸伊马替尼的Cmax,当测试给药后的哺乳动物患者的血浆时,该Cmax优选大于以相同剂量给药的相同甲磺酸伊马替尼非纳米微粒制剂的Cmax;和/或(2)甲磺酸伊马替尼的AUC,当测试给药后的哺乳动物患者的血浆时,该AUC优选大于以相同剂量给药的相同甲磺酸伊马替尼非纳米微粒制剂的AUC;和/或(3)甲磺酸伊马替尼的Tmax,当测试给药后的哺乳动物患者的血浆时,该Tmax优选小于以相同剂量给药的相同甲磺酸伊马替尼非纳米微粒制剂的Tmax。
在一个实施方案中,包含纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼的组合物在与以相同剂量给药的相同甲磺酸伊马替尼的非纳米微粒制剂的比较药代动力学试验中,显示出比由非纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼制剂显示的Tmax不大于约90%、不大于约80%、不大于约70%、不大于约60%、不大于约50%、不大于约30%、不大于约25%、不大于约20%、不大于约15%、不大于约10%或不大于约5%的Tmax。
在另一个实施方案中,包含纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼的组合物在与以相同剂量给药的相同甲磺酸伊马替尼的非纳米微粒制剂的比较药代动力学试验中,显示出比由非纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼制剂显示的Cmax大至少约50%、至少约100%、至少约200%、至少约300%、至少约400%、至少约500%、至少约600%、至少约700%、至少约800%、至少约900%、至少约1000%、至少约1100%、至少约1200%、至少约1300%、至少约1400%、至少约1500%、至少约1600%、至少约1700%、至少约1800%或至少约1900%的Cmax。
在再一个实施方案中,包含纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼的组合物在与以相同剂量给药的相同甲磺酸伊马替尼的非纳米微粒制剂的比较药代动力学试验中,显示出比由非纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼制剂显示的AUC大至少约25%、至少约50%、至少约75%、至少约100%、至少约125%、至少约150%、至少约175%、至少约200%、至少约225%、至少约250%、至少约275%、至少约300%、至少约350%、至少约400%、至少约450%、至少约500%、至少约550%、至少约600%、至少约750%、至少约700%、至少约750%、至少约800%、至少约850%、至少约900%、至少约950%、至少约1000%、至少约1050%、至少约1100%、至少约1150%或至少约1200%的AUC。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,当测试哺乳动物患者的血浆时,甲磺酸伊马替尼的Tmax小于约6-约8小时。在本发明的其他实施方案中,甲磺酸伊马替尼给药后的Tmax小于约6小时、小于约5小时、小于约4小时、小于约3小时、小于约2小时、小于约1小时或小于约30分钟。
如本文中使用,理想的药代动力学曲线是在甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的初始剂量后测定的药代动力学曲线。这些组合物可以任何本文中描述的及本领域技术人员已知的方式配制。
3.本发明甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物的药代动力学曲线不受摄取这些组合物的患者的进食或禁食状态的影响
本发明包括其中甲磺酸伊马替尼的药代动力学曲线基本上不受摄取该组合物的患者的进食或禁食状态的影响的甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物。这表示当纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物在进食状态与禁食状态给药时,在吸收的药物量或药物吸收的速度上基本上无差别。
对常规甲磺酸伊马替尼制剂即GLEEVEC而言,当与食物一起给药时甲磺酸伊马替尼的吸收增加。观察到的与常规甲磺酸伊马替尼制剂的该吸收差别是不期望的。本发明的甲磺酸伊马替尼制剂克服了该问题,因为当与禁食条件相比在进食状态下给药时,甲磺酸伊马替尼制剂减少或者优选基本上排除显著不同的吸收水平。
基本上排除食物影响的剂型的益处包括给患者增加了方便,因此增加了患者的依从性,因为患者不需要保证他们要与食物或不与食物一起服药。这一点是重要的,因为由于患者的依从性差,可能会观察到正在处方药物的医学状况增加。
4.进食与禁食状态给药时本发明甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物的生物等效性
本发明也提供纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物,其中该组合物在禁食状态向患者给药与该组合物在进食状态向患者给药是生物等效的。
本发明的甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物在进食与禁食状态给药时的吸收差别,优选小于约60%、小于约55%、小于约50%、小于约45%、小于约40%、小于约35%、小于约30%、小于约25%、小于约20%、小于约15%、小于约10%、小于约5%或小于约3%。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明包括包含至少一种纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼成分的组合物,其中该组合物在禁食状态向患者给药与该组合物在进食状态向患者给药是生物等效的,特别是在由美国食品和药品管理局及相应的欧洲管理机构(EMEA)给定的Cmax和AUC指导原则所定义的生物等效性上。按照美国FDA的指导原则,如果AUC和Cmax的90%置信区间(CI)在0.80-1.25之间(Tmax测定与调节目的的生物等效性不相关),那么两种产品或方法是生物等效的。为了显示两种化合物或按照欧洲EMEA指导原则的给药条件之间的生物等效性,AUC的90%CI必须在0.80-1.25之间,而Cmax的90%CI必须在0.70-1.43之间。
5.本发明甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物的溶出度曲线
本发明的纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的组合物提出具有相当意外的溶出度曲线。最好是所给予的活性剂能迅速溶出,因为更快的溶出通常导致更快地起作用和更大的生物利用度。为了改善甲磺酸伊马替尼的溶出度曲线和生物利用度,增加药物的溶出度使得它能达到接近100%的水平将是有用的。
本发明的甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物优选具有在约5分钟之内至少约20%的组合物溶解的溶出度曲线。在本发明的其他实施方案中,至少约30%或至少约40%的甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物在约5分钟之内溶解。在本发明的还其他实施方案中,至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约60%、至少约70%或至少约80%的甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物在约10分钟之内溶解。最后,在本发明的另一个实施方案中,优选至少约70%、至少约80%、至少约90%或至少约100%的甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物在约20分钟之内溶解。
溶出度优选在有差别的介质中测定。该溶出介质对在胃液中具有非常不同的溶出度曲线的两种产品而言将产生两种非常不同的溶出度曲线;即该溶出介质对组合物的体内溶出度是可预测的。示范性的溶出介质是含0.025M表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠的水性介质。所溶解量的测定通过分光光度法进行。转动刮板(rotating blade)法(欧洲药典)可用于测定溶出度。
6.本发明的甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物的再分散性
本发明的甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的组合物的另外的特征是这些组合物可以再分散,使得再分散的甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒的有效平均粒度小于约2微米。这一点是重要的,因为如果给药后本发明的甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物不再分散成基本上纳米微粒大小,那么该剂型可能失去将甲磺酸伊马替尼配制成纳米微粒粒度所提供的益处。
这是因为纳米微粒活性剂组合物受益于活性剂的小的粒度;如果活性剂给药后不再分散成小的粒度,那么将形成“簇”或聚结的活性剂颗粒,原因是存在纳米微粒系统的非常高的表面自由能和实现自由能全面减少的热力学驱动力。由于此类聚结颗粒的形成,剂型的生物利用度可能下降。
此外,本发明的纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物在给予哺乳动物,例如人或动物后显示出纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物颗粒的戏剧性再分散,如在生物相关水性介质中的溶解/再分散证明,再分散的甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物颗粒的有效平均粒度小于约2微米。该生物相关水性介质可以是显示形成该介质生物相关性基础的所期望离子强度和pH的任何水性介质。所期望的pH和离子强度是代表人体内发现的生理条件的那些pH和离子强度。该生物相关水性介质可以是例如显示所期望pH和离子强度的任何盐、酸或碱或其组合的水性电解质溶液或水性溶液。
生物相关pH在本领域是众所周知的。例如在胃中,pH的范围从稍微小于2(但是通常大于1)至4或5。在小肠中,pH的范围可以为4-6,而在结肠中它的范围可以为6-8。生物相关离子强度在本领域也是众所周知的。禁食状态胃液的离子强度约为0.1M,而禁食状态的肠液的离子强度约为0.14。参见例如Lindahl等,“男性和女性中胃液和近空场液的性质(Characterization of Fluids from the Stomach andProximal Jejunum in Men and Women)”,Pharm.Res.14(4):497-502(1997)。
相信,测试溶液的pH和离子强度比具体的化学品含量更重要。因此,可通过强酸、强碱、盐、单个或多个共轭酸碱对(即弱酸及其相应的盐)、单质子和多质子电解质等的许多组合,得到合适的pH和离子强度值。
代表性的电解质溶液可以为但不限于约0.001至约0.1N浓度的HCl溶液、约0.001至约0.1M浓度的NaCl溶液及其混合物。例如,电解质溶液可以为但不限于约0.1N或更低的HCl、约0.01N或更低的HCl、约0.001N或更低的HCl、约0.1M或更低的NaCl、约0.01M或更低的NaCl、约0.001M或更低的NaCl及其混合物。在这些电解质溶液中,因为近端肠胃道pH和离子强度条件的缘故,0.01M HCl和/或0.1M NaCl是最有代表性的人禁食生理条件。
0.001N HCl、0.01N HCl和0.1N HCl的电解质浓度分别对应于pH 3、pH 2和pH 1。因此,0.01N HCl溶液模拟胃中发现的典型酸性条件。0.1M NaCl溶液提供全身体液,包括肠胃液中发现的离子强度条件的合理近似值,尽管可使用大于0.1M的浓度模拟人GI道内进食条件。
具有期望的pH和离子强度的示例性盐、酸、碱或其组合的溶液包括但不限于磷酸/磷酸盐+氯化钠、氯化钾和氯化钙盐;乙酸/乙酸盐+氯化钠、氯化钾和氯化钙盐;碳酸/碳酸氢盐+氯化钠、氯化钾和氯化钙盐;和柠檬酸/柠檬酸盐+氯化钠、氯化钾和氯化钙盐。
在本发明的其它实施方案中,通过光散射法、显微镜法或其它合适的方法测量,甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的再分散颗粒(再分散于水、生物相关性介质或任何其它合适的介质)的有效平均粒度小于约1900nm、小于约1800nm、小于约1700nm、小于约1600nm、小于约1500nm、小于约1400nm、小于约1300nm、小于约1200nm、小于约1100nm、小于约1000nm、小于约900nm、小于约800nm、小于约700nm、小于约650nm、小于约600nm、小于约550nm、小于约500nm、小于约450nm、小于约400mn、小于约350nm、小于约300nm、小于约250nm、小于约200nm、小于约150nm、小于约100nm、小于约75nm或小于约50nm。本领域普通技术人员已知适合测量有效平均粒度的此类方法。
可用本领域中已知的任何合适的方法测试再分散性。参见例如关于″Solid Dose Nanoparticulate Compositions Comprising a SynergisticCombination of a Polymeric Surface Stabilizer and Dioctyl SodiumSulfosuccinate″(含聚合物表面稳定剂和琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠协同组合的固体剂量纳米微粒组合物)的美国专利号6,375,986实施例部分。
7.与其他活性剂联合使用的甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物
本发明的甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物组合物可另外包含一种或多种用于治疗慢性髓细胞性白血病、胃肠道间质瘤及相关疾病的化合物,或者甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物可与该化合物联合给药。此类化合物的实例包括但不限于抗癌药例如有丝分裂抑制剂、烷化剂、抗代谢药、插入抗生素、生长因子抑制剂、细胞周期抑制剂、酶、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、生物反应调节剂、抗激素和抗雄激素。例如,另外的化合物可包括吉非替尼(gefitinib)、pertuzamib、紫杉醇、顺铂、卡铂、吉西他滨、贝伐单抗、替莫唑胺、舒尼替尼(sutent)、来氟米特、多西他赛、伊马替尼、laptinib、卡纽替你(canertinib)、阿霉素、vatalanib、索拉非尼(sorafenib)、亚叶酸、卡培他滨、cetixuimab及其组合。
B.纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物
本发明提供包含甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的颗粒,及至少一种表面稳定剂的组合物。表面稳定剂优选吸附在甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒的表面或者与其表面缔合。本文中尤其有用的表面稳定剂优选物理粘结至纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒表面或与其表面缔合,但不与甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒或其本身化学反应。表面稳定剂的各被吸附的分子基本上没有分子间交联。
本发明也包括甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物,以及一种或多种统称为载体的非毒性生理学上可接受的载体、助剂或溶媒的组合物。这些组合物可以配制成用于非肠道注射(例如静脉内注射、肌内注射或皮下注射);以固体、液体口服给药;或气雾剂形式、阴道、鼻、直肠、眼、局部(散剂、乳膏剂或滴剂)、口颊、脑池内、腹膜内或局部给药等。
1.甲磺酸伊马替尼衍生物
本发明的组合物包含甲磺酸伊马替尼、甲磺酸伊马替尼衍生物或其盐。甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的颗粒可以是结晶相、半结晶相、无定形相、半无定形相或其组合。
甲磺酸伊马替尼具有以下分子式(式I):
甲磺酸伊马替尼衍生物可包括式II的任何化合物:
在某些实施方案中,甲磺酸伊马替尼衍生物可包括具有式II的化合物,其中各取代基R1-R23可相同或不同,并彼此独立选自以下基团:-H;-OH;-F;-Cl;-Br;-I;-NH2;烷基-和二烷基氨基;直链或支链C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基和炔基;芳烷基;直链或支链C1-6烷氧基;芳氧基;芳烷氧基;-(亚烷基)氧基(烷基);-CN;-NO2;-COOH;-COO(烷基);-COO(芳基);-C(O)NH(C1-6烷基);-C(O)NH(芳基);磺酰基;(C1-6烷基)磺酰基;芳基磺酰基;氨磺酰基;(C1-6烷基)氨磺酰基;(C1-6烷基)硫基;(C1-6烷基)磺酰胺基;芳基磺酰胺基;-NHNH2;-NHOH;芳基;和杂芳基;及其中各烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基和杂芳基部分可任选被一个或多个独立选自以下的基团取代:-OH;-F;-Cl;-Br;-I;-NH2;烷基-和二烷基氨基;直链或支链C1-6烷基;C2-6烯基和炔基;芳烷基;直链或支链C1-6烷氧基、芳氧基;芳烷氧基;-(亚烷基)氧基(烷基);-CN、-NO2、-COOH、-COO(烷基);-COO(芳基);-C(O)NH(C1-6烷基);-C(O)NH(芳基);磺酰基;(C1-6烷基)磺酰基;芳基磺酰基;氨磺酰基、(C1-6烷基)氨磺酰基;(C1-6烷基)硫基;(C1-6烷基)磺酰胺基;芳基磺酰胺基;-NHNH2;和-NHOH。
2.表面稳定剂
多于一种表面稳定剂的组合可用于本发明。可用于本发明的有用的表面稳定剂包括但不限于已知的有机和无机药物赋形剂。此类赋形剂包括各种聚合物、低分子量低聚物、天然产物和表面活性剂。示范性的表面稳定剂包括非离子、离子、阴离子、阳离子和两性离子化合物或表面活性剂。
表面稳定剂的代表性实例包括羟丙基甲基纤维素(现在称为羟丙甲纤维素)、羟丙基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、十二烷基硫酸钠、磺基琥珀酸二辛酯、明胶、酪蛋白、卵磷脂(磷脂)、葡聚糖、阿拉伯胶、胆固醇、黄芪胶、硬脂酸、苯扎氯铵、硬脂酸钙、甘油单硬脂酸酯、十六醇十八醇混合物、聚西托醇乳化蜡、脱水山梨醇酯、聚氧化乙烯烷基醚(例如聚乙二醇醚如聚西托醇1000)、聚氧化乙烯蓖麻油衍生物、聚氧化乙烯脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯(例如可从商业上获得的Tweens产品,例如Tween 20和Tween 80(ICI Speciality Chemicals));聚乙二醇(例如Carbowaxs 3550和934(Union Carbide))、聚氧化乙烯硬脂酸酯、胶体二氧化硅、磷酸盐(酯)、羧甲基纤维素钙、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、非结晶纤维素、硅酸镁铝、三乙醇胺、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-苯酚与环氧乙烷和甲醛的聚合物(也称为泰洛沙泊、四丁酚醛(superione)和三硝基甲苯(triton))、泊咯沙姆(例如Pluronics F68和F108,它们是环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物);poloxamines(例如Tetronic 908,也称为Poloxamine 908,它是衍生自环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷与乙二胺的顺序加成的四官能团嵌段共聚物(BASF WyandotteCorporation,Parsippany,NJ.));Tetronic 1508(T-1508)(BASFWyandotte Corporation)、Tritons X-200,它是烷基芳基聚醚磺酸酯(Rohm and Haas);Crodestas F-110,它是蔗糖硬脂酸酯和蔗糖二硬脂酸酯的混合物(Croda Inc.);对-异壬基苯氧基聚(缩水甘油),也称为Olin-IOG或表面活性剂10-G(Olin Chemicals,Stamford,CT);Crodestas SL-40(Croda,Inc.);及SA9OHCO,它是C18H37CH2(CON(CH3)-CH2(CHOH)4(CH2OH)2(Eastman Kodak Co.);癸酰基-N-甲基葡糖酰胺;正癸基β-D-吡喃葡糖苷;正癸基β-D-吡喃麦芽糖苷;正十二烷基β-D-吡喃葡糖苷;正十二烷基β-D-麦芽糖苷;庚酰基-N-甲基葡糖酰胺;正庚基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷;正庚基β-D-硫葡萄糖苷;正己基β-D-吡喃葡糖苷;壬酰基-N-甲基葡糖酰胺;正壬基β-D-吡喃葡糖苷;辛酰基-N-甲基葡糖酰胺;正辛基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷;辛基β-D-吡喃硫葡萄糖苷;PEG-磷脂、PEG-胆固醇、PEG-胆固醇衍生物、PEG-维生素A、PEG-维生素E、溶菌酶、乙烯基吡咯烷酮和乙酸乙烯酯的无规共聚物如PlasdoneS630等。
有用的阳离子表面稳定剂的实例包括但不限于聚合物、生物聚合物、多糖、纤维素类、藻酸盐、磷脂及非聚合化合物例如两性离子稳定剂、聚-n-甲基吡啶、氯化蒽基吡啶、阳离子磷脂、壳聚糖、多熔素、聚乙烯基咪唑、聚凝胺、溴化聚异丁稀酸甲酯三甲基铵溴化物(PMMTMABr)、溴化己基二苯乙酮基三甲基铵(HDMAB)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮-2-二甲基氨基乙基异丁稀酸酯二甲基硫酸酯。
其他有用的阳离子稳定剂包括但不限于阳离子脂质、锍、及季铵化合物,例如氯化硬脂基三甲基铵、溴化苄基-二(2-氯乙基)乙基铵、氯化或溴化椰子三甲基铵、氯化或溴化椰子甲基二羟乙基铵、氯化癸基三乙基铵、氯化或溴化癸基二甲基羟乙基铵、氯化或溴化C12-15二甲基羟乙基铵、氯化或溴化椰子二甲基羟乙基铵、十四烷基三甲基硫酸甲酯铵、氯化或溴化十二烷基二甲基苄基铵、氯化或溴化十二烷基二甲基(乙烯氧基)4铵、氯化N-烷基(C12-18)二甲基苄基铵、氯化N-烷基(C14-18)二甲基苄基铵、氯化N-十四烷基二甲基苄基铵一水合物、氯化二甲基二癸基铵、氯化N-烷基和(C12-14)二甲基1-萘基甲基铵、卤化三甲基铵、烷基-三甲基铵盐和二烷基-二甲基铵盐、氯化十二烷基三甲基铵、乙氧基化烷酰氨基烷基二烷基铵盐和/或乙氧基化三烷基铵盐、氯化二烷基苯二烷基铵、氯化N-二癸基二甲基铵、氯化N-十四烷基二甲基苄基铵一水合物、氯化N-烷基(C12-14)二甲基1-萘基甲基铵和氯化十二烷基二甲基苄基铵、氯化二烷基苯烷基铵、氯化十二烷基三甲基铵、氯化烷基苄基甲基铵、溴化烷基苄基二甲基铵,C12、C15、C17三甲基溴化铵、氯化十二烷基苄基三乙基铵、氯化聚-二烯丙基二甲基铵(DADMAC)、氯化二甲基铵、卤化烷基二甲基铵、氯化三十六烷基甲基铵、溴化癸基三甲基铵、溴化十二烷基三乙基铵、溴化十四烷基三甲基铵、氯化甲基三辛基铵(ALIQUAT 336TM)、POLYQUAT10TM、溴化四丁基铵、溴化苄基三甲基铵、胆碱酯(例如脂肪酸的胆碱酯)、苯扎氯铵、氯化硬脂烃铵化合物(例如氯化硬脂基三甲基铵(stearyltrimonium)和氯化二-硬脂基二甲基铵(stearyldimonium))、溴化或氯化十六烷基吡啶、季铵化聚氧乙基烷基胺的卤化物盐、MIRAPOLTM和ALKAQUATTM(A1karil Chemical Company)、烷基吡啶盐;胺类,例如烷基胺、二烷基胺、烷醇胺、聚乙烯聚胺、N,N-二烷基氨基烷基丙烯酸酯及乙烯基吡啶、胺盐,例如十二烷基胺乙酸盐、硬脂胺乙酸盐、烷基吡啶盐及烷基咪唑盐和胺的氧化物;酰亚胺唑盐;质子化的季丙烯酰胺;甲基化的季聚合物,例如聚[氯化二烯丙基二甲基铵]和聚[氯化N-甲基乙烯基吡啶];及阳离子瓜尔胶。
此类示例性的阳离子表面稳定剂和其他有用的阳离子表面稳定剂在J.Cross和E.Singer,Cationic Surfactants:Analytical and BiologicalEvaluation(Marcel Dekker,1994);P.and D.Rubingh(编辑),CationicSurfactants:Physical Chemistry(Marcel Dekker,1991);及J.Richmond,Cationic Surfactants:Organic Chemistry,(Marcel Dekker,1990)中有所描述。
非聚合物表面稳定剂为任何非聚合化合物,例如苯扎氯铵、碳化合物、辚化合物、氧化合物、卤化合物、阳离子有机金属化合物、季磷化合物、吡啶化合物、苯胺化合物、铵化合物、羟基铵化合物,式NR1R2R3R4 (+)的伯铵化合物、仲铵化合物、叔铵化合物和季铵化合物。对于式NR1R2R3R4 (+)的化合物:
(i)R1-R4无一为CH3;
(ii)R1-R4之一为CH3;
(iii)R1-R4中的三个为CH3;
(iv)所有R1-R4均为CH3;
(v)R1-R4中的两个为CH3,R1-R4之一为C6H5CH2,R1-R4之一为七个碳原子或更少的烷基链;
(vi)R1-R4中的两个为CH3,R1-R4之一为C6H5CH2,R1-R4之一为十九个碳原子或更多的烷基链;
(vii)R1-R4中的两个为CH3,并且R1-R4之一为C6H5(CH2)n基团,其中n>1;
(viii)R1-R4中的两个为CH3,R1-R4之一为C6H5CH2,且R1-R4之一包含至少一个杂原子;
(ix)R1-R4中的两个为CH3,R1-R4之一为C6H5CH2,且R1-R4之一包含至少一个卤素;
(x)R1-R4中的两个为CH3,R1-R4之一为C6H5CH2,且R1-R4之一包含至少一个环状片段;
(xi)R1-R4中的两个为CH3,且R1-R4之一为苯基环;或
(xii)R1-R4中的两个为CH3,且R1-R4中的两个为纯脂族片段。
此类化合物包括但不限于氯化二十二烃铵(behenalkonium)、苄索氯铵、氯化十六烷基吡啶、二十二烷基三甲基氯化铵(behentrimoniumchloride)、氯化十二烷基烃铵、氯化十六烷基烃铵、西曲溴铵、西曲氯铵、氢氟酸十六烷基胺(cethylamine)、氯化氯代烯丙基六亚甲基四胺(Quaternium-15)、氯化二硬脂基二甲基铵(Quaternium-5)、氯化十二烷基二甲基乙基苄基铵(Quaternium-14)、Quaternium-22、Quaternium-26、Quaternium-18水辉石、二甲基氨基乙基氯化物盐酸盐、半胱氨酸盐酸盐、磷酸二乙醇铵POE(10)油基醚、磷酸二乙醇铵POE(3)油基醚、氯化牛脂烃铵、二甲基二-十八烷基铵膨润土、氯化硬脂烃铵、度米芬、地那铵苯甲酸盐、氯化十四烷烃铵、氯化月桂基三甲基铵、乙二胺二盐酸盐、胍盐酸盐、吡哆辛HCl、碘非他胺盐酸盐、盐酸葡甲胺、甲苄索氯铵、溴化十四烷基三甲基铵(myrtrimonium)、氯化油基三甲基铵、polyquaternium-1、盐酸普鲁卡因、可可甜菜碱、硬脂烃铵膨润土、硬脂烃铵hectonite、硬脂基三羟乙基丙二胺二氢氟酸盐、氯化牛脂三甲基铵及溴化十六烷基三甲基铵。
表面稳定剂可从商业上获得和/或可以通过本领域已知的技术制备。这些表面稳定剂中的大多数是已知的药物赋形剂,并且在美国药学会和英国药学会联合出版的Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients(药物赋形剂手册)(The Pharmaceutical Press,2000)中有详细描述,该手册通过引用结合到本文中。
甲磺酸伊马替尼成分和表面稳定剂可以任何合适的比例(w/w)存在于本文中公开的药用组合物中。例如,在某些实施方案中,药用组合物包括比例为约20∶1、15∶1、10∶1、8∶1、7∶1、6∶1、5∶1、4∶1、3∶1、2∶1(w/w),或者由所述比例限定的任何范围(例如但不限于约20∶1-2∶1、约10∶1-4∶1和约8∶1-5∶1)的甲磺酸伊马替尼成分和表面稳定剂。
3.其他药物赋形剂
本发明药用组合物也可包含一种或多种粘合剂、填充剂、润滑剂、悬浮剂、甜味剂、矫味剂、防腐剂、缓冲剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、泡腾剂和其它赋形剂。此类赋形剂在本领域中众所周知。
填充剂的实例是乳糖一水合物、无水乳糖和各种淀粉;粘合剂的实例是各种纤维素和交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、微晶纤维素例如AvicelPH101和AvicelPH102、微晶纤维素和硅酸化微晶纤维素(ProSolvSMCCTM)。
包括对待压缩粉末流动性起作用的试剂在内的合适的润滑剂是胶体二氧化硅例如Aerosil200、滑石粉、硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙和硅胶。
甜味剂的实例是任何天然或人造甜味剂,例如蔗糖、木糖醇、糖精钠、环拉酸盐、阿司帕坦和acsulfame。矫味剂的实例是Magnasweet(MAFCO的商标)、泡泡糖香料和水果香料等。
防腐剂的实例是山梨酸钾、尼泊金甲酯、尼泊金丙酯、苯甲酸及其盐;对羟基苯甲酸的其它酯例如尼泊金丁酯;醇例如乙醇或苄醇;酚类化合物例如苯酚;或四元化合物例如苯扎氯铵。
合适的稀释剂包括药学上可接受的惰性填充剂,例如微晶纤维素、乳糖、磷酸氢钙、糖和/或任何前述物质的混合物。稀释剂的实例包括微晶纤维素例如AvicelPH101和AvicelPH102;乳糖例如乳糖一水合物、无水乳糖和PharmatoseDCL21;磷酸氢钙例如Emcompress;甘露醇;淀粉;山梨醇;蔗糖和葡萄糖。
合适的崩解剂包括轻度交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、玉米淀粉和改性淀粉、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交联聚维酮、淀粉羟乙酸钠及其混合物。
泡腾剂的实例是泡腾剂对例如有机酸和碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐。合适的有机酸包括例如柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、富马酸、己二酸、琥珀酸和藻酸以及酸酐和酸式盐。合适的碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐包括例如碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸镁、甘氨酸碳酸钠、L-赖氨酸碳酸盐和精氨酸碳酸盐。或者,可以只存在泡腾剂对的碳酸氢钠组分。
4.纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼粒度
本发明的组合物包含纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物颗粒,这些颗粒通过光散射法、显微镜法或其他适当的方法测定的有效平均粒度小于约2000nm(即2微米)、小于约1900nm、小于约1800nm、小于约1700nm、小于约1600nm、小于约1500nm、小于约1400nm、小于约1300nm、小于约1200nm、小于约1100nm、小于约1000nm、小于约900nm、小于约800nm、小于约700nm、小于约600nm、小于约500nm、小于约400nm、小于约300nm、小于约250nm、小于约200nm、小于约150nm、小于约100nm、小于约75nm或小于约50nm。
“有效平均粒度小于约2000nm”表示基于重量(或基于其他合适的测量技术例如基于体积、数目等)计,至少50%的甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒的粒度小于有效平均值,即当通过上述技术测量时,小于约2000nm、1900nm、1800nm等。在本发明的其他实施方案中,至少约60%、至少约70%、至少约80%、至少约90%、至少约95%或至少约99%的甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒的粒度小于有效平均值,即小于约2000nm、1900nm、1800nm、1700nm等。
在本发明中,纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物的D50值是50%重量(或基于其他合适的测量技术例如基于体积、数目等)的甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒落入其下的粒度。类似地,D90是90%重量(或基于其他合适的测量技术例如基于体积、数目等)的甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒落入其下的粒度。
5.甲磺酸伊马替尼和表面稳定剂的浓度
甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物及一种或多种表面稳定剂的相对量可以宽范围地变化。各组分的最佳量可取决于例如所选择的特定甲磺酸伊马替尼、亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)、熔点及表面稳定剂水溶液的表面张力等。
基于甲磺酸伊马替尼和不包括其他赋形剂的至少一种表面稳定剂的总干重量计,甲磺酸伊马替尼的浓度可以在约99.5%-约0.001%、约95%-约0.1%或约90%-约0.5%重量之间变化。
基于甲磺酸伊马替尼和不包括其他赋形剂的至少一种表面稳定剂的总干重量计,至少一种表面稳定剂的浓度可以在约0.5%-约99.999%、约5.0%-约99.9%或约10%-约99.5%重量之间变化。
6.示范性纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼片剂制剂
下面给出了几种示范性的甲磺酸伊马替尼片剂制剂。这些实例无意在任何方面限制权利要求,而是提供可用于本发明方法中的示范性甲磺酸伊马替尼片剂制剂。此类示范性片剂也可包含包衣剂。
示范性纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼片剂制剂#1 | |
组分 | g/Kg |
甲磺酸伊马替尼 | 约50-约500 |
羟丙甲纤维素,USP | 约10-约70 |
多库脂钠,USP | 约1-约10 |
蔗糖,NF | 约100-约500 |
十二烷基硫酸钠,NF | 约1-约40 |
乳糖一水合物,NF | 约50-约400 |
硅酸化微晶纤维素 | 约50-约300 |
交联聚维酮,NF | 约20-约300 |
硬脂酸镁,NF | 约0.5-约5 |
示范性纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼片剂制剂#2 | |
组分 | g/Kg |
甲磺酸伊马替尼 | 约100-约300 |
羟丙甲纤维素,USP | 约30-约50 |
多库脂钠,USP | 约0.5-约10 |
蔗糖,NF | 约100-约300 |
十二烷基硫酸钠,NF | 约1-约30 |
乳糖一水合物,NF | 约100-约300 |
硅酸化微晶纤维素 | 约50-约200 |
交联聚维酮,NF | 约50-约200 |
硬脂酸镁,NF | 约0.5-约5 |
示范性纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼片剂制剂#3 | |
组分 | g/Kg |
甲磺酸伊马替尼 | 约200-约225 |
羟丙甲纤维素,USP | 约42-约46 |
多库脂钠,USP | 约2-约6 |
蔗糖,NF | 约200-约225 |
十二烷基硫酸钠,NF | 约12-约18 |
乳糖一水合物,NF | 约200-约205 |
硅酸化微晶纤维素 | 约130-约135 |
交联聚维酮,NF | 约112-约118 |
硬脂酸镁,NF | 约0.5-约3 |
示范性纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼片剂制剂#4 | |
组分 | g/Kg |
甲磺酸伊马替尼 | 约119-约224 |
羟丙甲纤维素,USP | 约42-约46 |
多库脂钠,USP | 约2-约6 |
蔗糖,NF | 约119-约224 |
十二烷基硫酸钠,NF | 约12-约18 |
乳糖一水合物,NF | 约119-约224 |
硅酸化微晶纤维素 | 约129-约134 |
交联聚维酮,NF | 约112-约118 |
硬脂酸镁,NF | 约0.5-约3 |
C.制备纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物的方法
纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的组合物可用例如研磨、匀化、沉淀、低温冷冻或模板乳化技术制备。制备纳米微粒活性剂组合物的示范性方法在′684专利中有描述。制备纳米微粒活性剂组合物的方法也在下列专利中有描述:美国专利号5,518,187“研磨药用物质的方法(Method of Grinding Pharmaceutical Substances)”;美国专利号5,718,388“研磨药用物质的连续方法(Continuous Method ofGrindingPharmaceutical Substances)”;美国专利号5,862,999“研磨药用物质的方法(Method of Grinding Pharmaceutical Substances)”;美国专利号5,665,331“纳米微粒药物与晶体生长调节剂的共微量沉淀(Co-Microprecipitation of Nanoparticulate Pharmaceutical Agents withCrystal Growth Modifiers)”;美国专利号5,662,883“纳米微粒药物与晶体生长调节剂的共微量沉淀(Co-Microprecipitation of NanoparticulatePharmaceutical Agents with Crystal Growth Modifiers)”;美国专利号5,560,932“纳米微粒药物的微量沉淀(Microprecipitation ofNanoparticulate Pharmaceutical Agents)”;美国专利号5,543,133“制备含有纳米微粒的X-射线对比组合物的方法(Process of Preparing X-RayContrast Compositions Containing Nanoparticles)”;美国专利号5,534,270“制备稳定的药物纳米微粒的方法(Method of Preparing StableDrug Nanoparticles)”;美国专利号5,510,118“制备含有纳米微粒的治疗用组合物的方法(Process of Preparing Therapeutic CompositionsContaining Nanoparticles)”;及美国专利号5,470,583“制备含有减少聚集的带电荷磷脂纳米微粒组合物的方法(Method of PreparingNanoparticle Compositions Containing Charged Phospholipids to ReduceAggregation)”,所有这些专利均通过引用具体结合到本文中。
所得纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物或分散体可以固体或液体剂量制剂使用,例如液体分散剂、凝胶、气雾剂、乳膏剂、软膏剂、控释制剂、速融制剂、冻干制剂、片剂、胶囊剂、缓释制剂、延迟释放制剂、脉冲释放制剂、混合即释和控释制剂等。
1.研磨法获得纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼分散体
研磨甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物以获得纳米微粒分散体,包括将甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒分散在其中甲磺酸伊马替尼溶解性差的液体分散介质中,接着在研磨介质的存在下通过采用机械手段将甲磺酸伊马替尼的粒度减小到所期望的有效平均粒度。分散介质可以是例如水、红花油、乙醇、叔丁醇、甘油、聚乙二醇(PEG)、己烷或二醇。优选的分散介质为水。
甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒可以在至少一种表面稳定剂的存在下减小其大小。或者,甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒可以在研磨后与一种或多种表面稳定剂接触。其他化合物,例如稀释剂可以在大小减小过程中加入到甲磺酸伊马替尼/表面稳定剂组合物中。分散体可以连续地或以批的方式制备。
2。沉淀法获得纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物
形成所期望的纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的组合物的另一种方法是微量沉淀法。这是一种在一种或多种表面稳定剂和一种或多种无任何痕量毒性溶剂或溶解的重金属杂质的提高胶体稳定性的表面活性剂存在下,制备溶解性差的活性剂的稳定分散体的方法。该方法包括例如:(1)将甲磺酸伊马替尼溶解在合适的溶剂中;(2)将步骤(1)的制剂加入到包含至少一种表面稳定剂的溶液中;及(3)用适当的非溶剂使步骤(2)的制剂沉淀。该方法可随后通过透析或渗滤和由常规方法浓缩分散体,除去任何所形成的盐(如果有盐存在)。
3。匀化法获得纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物
制备活性剂纳米微粒组合物的示范性匀化法在美国专利号5,510,118,“制备含有纳米微粒的治疗用组合物的方法(Process ofPreparing Therapeutic Compositions Containing Nanoparticles)”中有所描述。该方法包括将甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的颗粒分散在液体分散介质中,接着将该分散体进行匀化,使甲磺酸伊马替尼的粒度减小到所期望的有效平均粒度。甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒可以在至少一种表面稳定剂的存在下减小其大小。或者,甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒可以在研磨之前或之后与一种或多种表面稳定剂接触。其他化合物,例如稀释剂可以在大小减小过程之前、其间或之后加入到甲磺酸伊马替尼/表面稳定剂组合物中。分散体可以连续地或以批的方式制备。
4.低温冷冻法获得纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物
形成所期望的纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的组合物的另一种方法是喷雾冷冻成液体(SFL)法。该技术包括采用含有稳定剂的甲磺酸伊马替尼有机溶液或有机水性溶液,将该溶液注入低温冷冻液体,例如液氮中。甲磺酸伊马替尼溶液的液滴以足够使结晶和颗粒生长最小化的速度冷冻,从而形成纳米结构的甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒。根据溶剂系统和加工条件的选择,纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒可以具有不同的颗粒形态。在分离步骤中,在避免使甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒聚结或熟化的条件下除去氮和溶剂。
作为SFL的补充技术,超快冷冻(URF)也可用于产生的表面积大大提高的等同纳米结构甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒。URF包括在低温冷冻基体上含有稳定剂的甲磺酸伊马替尼的有机溶液或有机水性溶液。
5.乳化法获得纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物
形成所期望的纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的组合物的另一种方法是模板乳化法。模板乳化法产生具有控制的粒度分布和速释性能的纳米结构甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒。该方法包括制备水包油乳液,然后该乳液与包含甲磺酸伊马替尼和稳定剂的非水溶液一起膨胀。在该方法中,在赋予甲磺酸伊马替尼可控制和可优化的性质之前,甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒的粒度分布是乳液液滴大小的直接结果。此外,通过溶剂和稳定剂的选择使用,在无或抑制的奥斯特瓦尔德熟化的情况下实现了乳液的稳定。随后,除去溶剂和水,并回收稳定化纳米结构的甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒。通过加工条件的适当控制,可获得各种形态的甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒。
1997年4月24日公布的Pace等的国际专利申请号WO97/144407,公开了平均大小为100nm-300nm的水不溶性生物活性化合物的颗粒,通过将化合物溶解于溶液中,然后在适当的表面改性剂存在下,将该溶液喷入压缩气体、液体或超临界流体中制备该颗粒。
D.使用本发明的纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物的方法
本发明提供了增加患者甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物血浆水平的方法。该方法包括给予患者有效量的本发明组合物,该组合物包含纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,按照标准药代动力学实践,甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物优选在组合物的初始剂量后小于约6小时内、小于约5小时内、小于约4小时内、小于约3小时内、小于约2小时内、小于约1小时内或小于约30分钟内产生最大血浆浓度曲线。
本发明的组合物可用于治疗慢性髓细胞性白血病、胃肠道间质瘤及相关疾病。本发明的甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物化合物可通过任何常规方式给予患者,这些方式包括但不限于经口、直肠、眼、眼睛(ocularly)、非肠道(例如静脉内、肌内或皮下)、脑池内、肺、阴道内、腹膜内、局部(例如散剂、乳膏剂或滴剂)或口腔或鼻喷雾给药。如本文中使用,术语“患者”用于指动物,优选哺乳动物,包括人或非人。术语患者和受试者可相互交换地使用。
适用于非肠道注射的组合物可包含生理上可接受的无菌水或非水溶液、分散液、悬浮液或乳液,及用于重新构成无菌注射用溶液或分散液的无菌粉末。合适的水和非水载体、稀释剂、溶剂或溶媒的实例包括水、乙醇、多元醇(丙二醇、聚乙二醇、甘油等)、其合适的混合物、植物油(例如橄榄油)和注射用有机酯例如油酸乙酯。例如,通过使用例如卵磷脂的包衣剂,通过在分散体的情况下维持所需的粒度,及通过采用表面活性剂可维持适当的流动性。
纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的组合物也可包含助剂,例如防腐剂、湿润剂、乳化剂和分散剂。可通过各种抗菌剂和抗真菌剂,例如尼泊金酯类、氯丁醇、苯酚、山梨酸等确保防止微生物生长。也可能需要包含等渗剂,例如糖、氯化钠等。注射用药用形式的延长吸收可通过延缓吸收剂,例如单硬脂酸铝和明胶的使用实现。
经口给药的固体剂型包括但不限于胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、散剂和颗粒剂。在此类固体剂型中,活性剂与至少一种以下组分混合:(a)一种或多种惰性赋形剂(或载体),例如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙;(b)填充剂或膨胀剂,例如淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和硅酸;(c)粘合剂,例如羧甲基纤维素、藻酸盐(酯)、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和阿拉伯胶;(d)润湿剂,例如甘油;(e)崩解剂,例如琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些络合的硅酸盐和碳酸钠;(f)溶液阻滞剂,例如石蜡;(g)吸收促进剂,例如季铵化合物;(h)湿润剂,例如鲸蜡醇和甘油单硬脂酸酯;(i)吸收剂,例如高岭土和膨润土;及(j)润滑剂,例如滑石粉、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠或其混合物。对胶囊剂、片剂和丸剂而言,剂型也可包含缓冲剂。
经口给药的液体剂型包括药学上可接受的乳液、溶液、混悬液、糖浆剂和酏剂,除了甲磺酸伊马替尼外,液体剂型可包含通常在本领域使用的惰性稀释剂,例如水或其他溶剂、增溶剂和乳化剂。示范性的乳化剂有乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苄醇、苯甲酸苄酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺,油类例如棉籽油、花生油、玉米胚芽油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油,甘油、四氢糠醇、聚乙二醇、脱水山梨醇的脂肪酸酯或这些物质的混合物等。
除了此类惰性稀释剂外,组合物也可包括助剂,例如湿润剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、矫味剂和芳香剂。
本文中有关甲磺酸伊马替尼使用的“治疗有效量”应表示在相当数量的有此治疗需要的患者中给予甲磺酸伊马替尼提供特定药理学反应的剂量的剂量。应强调的是,在特定的情况下给予特定患者的“治疗有效量”对治疗本文中描述的疾病将不总是有效的,即使该剂量被本领域技术人员认为是“治疗有效量”。还应理解,在特定的情况下,甲磺酸伊马替尼的剂量以口服剂量或者根据血液中测定的药物水平测定。
普通技术人员将认识到甲磺酸伊马替尼的有效量可凭经验确定并可以纯形式使用,或者如果此类形式存在的话,以药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药形式使用。可改变本发明的纳米微粒组合物中甲磺酸伊马替尼的精确剂量水平,以获得有效获得特定组合物和给药方法所期望的治疗反应的甲磺酸伊马替尼的量。因此所选择的剂量水平取决于所期望的治疗作用、给药途径、所给予甲磺酸伊马替尼的效力、所期望的治疗持续时间及其他因素。
剂量单位组合物可含有可用于组成日剂量的其约数的量。然而,可理解任何特定患者的具体剂量水平将取决于各种因素:将获得的细胞或生理反应的类型和程度;所采用的具体药物或组合物的活性;所采用的具体药物或组合物;患者的年龄、体重、一般健康情况、性别及饮食;给药时间、给药途径及药物排泄的速度;治疗持续时间;与具体药物联合或同时使用的药物;及在医疗领域熟知的类似因素。
给出以下预示性实施例以举例说明本发明。然而应理解,本发明的宗旨和范围不限于这些实施例中所描述的具体条件或细节,而是仅应由权利要求的范围限定。本文中引用的所有参考文献,包括美国专利均通过引用而结合到本文中。
实施例1
该实施例的目的是制备包含纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的组合物。
可将与一种或多种表面稳定剂,例如羟丙基纤维素(HPC-SL)和磺基琥珀酸二辛酯(DOSS)混合的5%(w/w)甲磺酸伊马替尼水分散体,以及500微米PolyMill研磨介质(Dow Chemical Co.)(例如以89%的介质负荷)在NanoMill0.01(NanoMill Systems,King of Prussia,PA;参见例如美国专利号6,431,478)的10ml室中研磨。在示范性的方法中,该混合物可以2500rpm的速度研磨60分钟。
研磨后,可在去离子蒸馏水中,用Horiba LA 910粒度分析仪测量所研磨的甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒的粒度。对成功的组合物而言,预期初始平均和/或D50研磨甲磺酸伊马替尼的粒度小于2000nm。
对本领域技术人员而言,可对本发明的方法和组合物进行各种修改和变化,而不背离本发明的宗旨或范围将是显而易见的。因此,本发明将包括本发明的各种修改和变化,条件是它们在权利要求及其等同权利要求的范围内。
Claims (22)
1.一种甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的稳定纳米微粒组合物,所述组合物包含:
(a)甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的颗粒,这些颗粒的有效平均粒度小于约2000nm;及
(b)至少一种表面稳定剂。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒选自结晶相、无定形相、半结晶相、半无定形相及其混合物。
3.权利要求1或权利要求2的组合物,其中所述甲磺酸伊马替尼颗粒的有效平均粒度选自小于约1900nm、小于约1800nm、小于约1700nm、小于约1600nm、小于约1500nm、小于约1400nm、小于约1300nm、小于约1200nm、小于约1100nm、小于约1000nm、小于约900nm、小于约800nm、小于约700nm、小于约600nm、小于约500nm、小于约400nm、小于约300nm、小于约250nm、小于约200nm、小于约100nm、小于约75nm及小于约50nm。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物,其中将所述组合物配制成:
(a)用于经选自以下的给药途径给药:口、肺、直肠、结肠、非肠道、脑池内、阴道内、腹膜内、眼、眼睛、局部、口颊、鼻和局部给药;
(b)选自以下的剂型:液体分散剂、凝胶剂、气雾剂、乳膏剂、软膏剂、冻干制剂、片剂和胶囊剂;
(c)选自以下的剂型:控释制剂、速融制剂、缓释制剂、延迟释放制剂、脉冲释放制剂及混合即释和控释制剂;或
(d)(a)、(b)和(c)的任何组合。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项的组合物,所述组合物还包含一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂、载体或其组合。
6.权利要求1-5中任一项的组合物,其中:
(a)基于甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物和不包括其他赋形剂的至少一种表面稳定剂的总干重量计,甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物存在的量选自约99.5%-约0.001%、约95%-约0.1%及约90%-约0.5%重量;
(b)基于甲磺酸伊马替尼、其盐或衍生物和不包括其他赋形剂的至少一种表面稳定剂的总干重量计,所述表面稳定剂存在的量选自约0.5%-约99.999%重量、约5.0%-约99.9%重量及约10%-约99.5%重量;或
(c)其组合。
7.权利要求1-6中任一项的组合物,所述组合物还包含至少一种初级表面稳定剂和至少一种第二表面稳定剂。
8.权利要求1-7中任一项的组合物,其中所述表面稳定剂选自阴离子表面稳定剂、阳离子表面稳定剂、非离子表面稳定剂、两性离子表面稳定剂及离子表面稳定剂。
9.权利要求1-8中任一项的组合物,其中所述表面稳定剂选自氯化十六烷基吡啶、明胶、酪蛋白、磷脂类、葡聚糖、甘油、阿拉伯胶、胆固醇、黄芪胶、硬脂酸、苯扎氯铵、硬脂酸钙、甘油单硬脂酸酯、十六醇十八醇混合物、聚西托醇乳化蜡、脱水山梨醇酯、聚氧化乙烯烷基醚、聚氧化乙烯蓖麻油衍生物、聚氧化乙烯脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯、聚乙二醇、溴化十二烷基三甲基铵、聚氧化乙烯硬脂酸酯、胶体二氧化硅、磷酸盐(酯)、十二烷基硫酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钙、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、非结晶纤维素、硅酸镁铝、三乙醇胺、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-苯酚与环氧乙烷和甲醛的聚合物、泊咯沙姆;poloxamines、带电荷的磷脂、磺基琥珀酸二辛酯、琥珀酸二烷基酯磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、磺酸烷基芳基聚醚、蔗糖硬脂酸酯和蔗糖二硬脂酸酯的混合物、对-异壬基苯氧基聚(缩水甘油)、癸酰基-N-甲基葡糖酰胺;正癸基β-D-吡喃葡糖苷;正癸基β-D-吡喃麦芽糖苷;正十二烷基β-D-吡喃葡糖苷;正十二烷基β-D-麦芽糖苷;庚酰基-N-甲基葡糖酰胺;正庚基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷;正庚基β-D-硫葡萄糖苷;正己基β-D-吡喃葡糖苷;壬酰基-N-甲基葡糖酰胺;正壬基β-D-吡喃葡糖苷;辛酰基-N-甲基葡糖酰胺;正辛基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷;辛基β-D-吡喃硫葡萄糖苷;溶菌酶、PEG-磷脂、PEG-胆固醇、PEG-胆固醇衍生物、PEG-维生素A、PEG-维生素E、乙酸乙烯酯和乙烯基吡咯烷酮的无规共聚物、阳离子聚合物、阳离子生物聚合物、阳离子多糖、阳离子纤维素类、阳离子藻酸盐、阳离子非聚合化合物、阳离子磷脂、阳离子脂质、溴化聚异丁稀酸甲酯三甲基铵、锍化合物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮-2-二甲基氨基乙基异丁稀酸酯二甲基硫酸酯、溴化十六烷基三甲基铵、化合物、季铵化合物、溴化苄基-二(2-氯乙基)乙基铵、氯化椰子三甲基铵、溴化椰子三甲基铵、氯化椰子甲基二羟乙基铵、溴化椰子甲基二羟乙基铵、氯化癸基三乙基铵、氯化癸基二甲基羟乙基铵、氯化溴化癸基二甲基羟乙基铵、氯化C12-15二甲基羟乙基铵、氯化溴化C12-15二甲基羟乙基铵、氯化椰子二甲基羟乙基铵、溴化椰子二甲基羟乙基铵、十四烷基三甲基硫酸甲酯铵、氯化十二烷基二甲基苄基铵、溴化十二烷基二甲基苄基铵、氯化十二烷基二甲基(乙烯氧基)4铵、溴化十二烷基二甲基(乙烯氧基)4铵、氯化N-烷基(C12-18)二甲基苄基铵、氯化N-烷基(C14-18)二甲基-苄基铵、氯化N-十四烷基二甲基苄基铵一水合物、氯化二甲基二癸基铵、氯化N-烷基和(C12-14)二甲基1-萘基甲基铵、卤化三甲基铵、烷基-三甲基铵盐、二烷基-二甲基铵盐、氯化十二烷基三甲基铵、乙氧基化烷酰氨基烷基二烷基铵盐、乙氧基化三烷基铵盐、氯化二烷基苯二烷基铵、氯化N-二癸基二甲基铵、氯化N-十四烷基二甲基苄基铵一水合物、氯化N-烷基(C12-14)二甲基1-萘基甲基铵、氯化十二烷基二甲基苄基铵、氯化二烷基苯烷基铵、氯化十二烷基三甲基铵、氯化烷基苄基甲基铵、溴化烷基苄基二甲基铵、溴化C12三甲基铵、溴化C15三甲基铵、溴化C17三甲基铵、氯化十二烷基苄基三乙基铵、氯化聚-二烯丙基二甲基铵、氯化二甲基铵、卤化烷基二甲基铵、氯化三十六烷基甲基铵、溴化癸基三甲基铵、溴化十二烷基三乙基铵、溴化十四烷基三甲基铵、氯化甲基三辛基铵、溴化四丁基铵、溴化苄基三甲基铵、胆碱酯、苯扎氯铵、氯化硬脂烃铵化合物、溴化十六烷基吡啶、氯化十六烷基吡啶、季铵化聚氧乙基烷基胺的卤化物盐、烷基吡啶盐;胺类、胺盐、胺氧化物、酰亚胺唑盐、质子化季丙烯酰胺、甲基化季聚合物及阳离子瓜尔胶。
10.权利要求1-9中任一项的组合物,所述组合物具有生物粘附性。
11.权利要求1-10中任一项的组合物,所述组合物在进食条件下给药时与在禁食条件下相比不产生显著不同的吸收水平。
12.权利要求1-11中任一项的组合物,所述组合物向禁食状态的患者给药与所述组合物向进食状态的患者给药是生物等效的。
13.一种包含甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的组合物,其中在进食条件下给药时与在禁食条件下相比,在给予人后所述组合物不产生显著不同的吸收水平。
14.权利要求15的组合物,所述组合物向禁食状态的患者给药与所述组合物向进食状态的患者给药是生物等效的。
15.一种甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的稳定纳米微粒组合物,所述组合物包含:
(a)甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的颗粒,这些颗粒的有效平均粒度小于约2000nm;及
(b)至少一种表面稳定剂,
其中向哺乳动物给药后,所述组合物在小于相同甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的非纳米微粒剂型的剂量下产生治疗结果。
16.一种甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的组合物,所述组合物包含甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物,其中所述组合物具有:
(a)甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的Cmax,当测试给药后哺乳动物患者的血浆时,所述Cmax大于以相同剂量给药的相同甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的非纳米微粒制剂的Cmax;
(b)甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的AUC,当测试给药后哺乳动物患者的血浆时,所述AUC大于以相同剂量给药的相同甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的非纳米微粒制剂的AUC;
(c)甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的Tmax,当测试给药后哺乳动物患者的血浆时,所述Tmax小于以相同剂量给药的相同甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的非纳米微粒制剂的Tmax;或
(d)(a)、(b)和(c)的任何组合。
17.权利要求1-16中任一项的组合物,所述组合物另外包含一种或多种可用于治疗慢性髓细胞性白血病、胃肠道间质瘤及相关疾病的活性剂。
18.权利要求17的组合物,其中所述活性剂选自有丝分裂抑制剂、烷化剂、抗代谢药、插入抗生素、生长因子抑制剂、细胞周期抑制剂、酶、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、生物反应调节剂、抗激素和抗雄激素。
19.权利要求1-18中任一项的组合物在制备药物中的用途。
20.权利要求19的用途,其中所述药物可用于治疗慢性髓细胞性白血病、胃肠道间质瘤及相关疾病。
21.一种制备甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的方法,所述方法包括将甲磺酸伊马替尼或其盐或衍生物的颗粒与至少一种表面稳定剂,在足够提供有效平均粒度小于约2000mn的纳米微粒甲磺酸伊马替尼组合物的时间和条件下接触。
22.权利要求21的方法,其中所述接触包括研磨、湿法研磨、匀化、冷冻、模板乳化、沉淀或其组合。
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CN106856249A (zh) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-06-16 | 河南超威电源有限公司 | 一种以阿拉伯胶作为稳定剂制备胶体电解液的方法 |
CN106856249B (zh) * | 2016-12-19 | 2019-07-09 | 河南超威电源有限公司 | 一种以阿拉伯胶作为稳定剂制备胶体电解液的方法 |
CN108904809A (zh) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-11-30 | 黎庆有 | 一种靶向抗肿瘤药物 |
CN110664757A (zh) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-01-10 | 成都瑞沐生物医药科技有限公司 | 纳米晶滴眼剂、其制备方法及其应用 |
WO2020103958A1 (zh) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-05-28 | 成都瑞沐生物医药科技有限公司 | 纳米晶滴眼剂、其制备方法及其应用 |
US20220023213A1 (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2022-01-27 | Chengdu Ruimu Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. | Nanocrystalline eye drop, preparation method and use thereof |
CN110664757B (zh) * | 2018-11-19 | 2022-08-02 | 成都瑞沐生物医药科技有限公司 | 纳米晶滴眼剂、其制备方法及其应用 |
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EA200702641A1 (ru) | 2008-04-28 |
BRPI0613540A2 (pt) | 2011-01-18 |
ATE459341T1 (de) | 2010-03-15 |
EP1895984B1 (en) | 2010-03-03 |
EA015102B1 (ru) | 2011-06-30 |
US20060275372A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
WO2006133046A2 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
DE602006012671D1 (de) | 2010-04-15 |
JP2008542397A (ja) | 2008-11-27 |
NO20076691L (no) | 2008-02-25 |
EP1895984B8 (en) | 2010-05-12 |
MX2007015309A (es) | 2008-03-05 |
KR20080017067A (ko) | 2008-02-25 |
IL187841A0 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
EA201100022A1 (ru) | 2011-06-30 |
WO2006133046A3 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
ES2341996T3 (es) | 2010-06-30 |
EP1895984A2 (en) | 2008-03-12 |
AU2006255177A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
HK1118467A1 (en) | 2009-02-13 |
ZA200710763B (en) | 2009-09-30 |
CA2610448A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
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