CN109932248A - A kind of pilot system simulated chamber face under differently stress condition and excavate transient unloading - Google Patents
A kind of pilot system simulated chamber face under differently stress condition and excavate transient unloading Download PDFInfo
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- CN109932248A CN109932248A CN201910101784.XA CN201910101784A CN109932248A CN 109932248 A CN109932248 A CN 109932248A CN 201910101784 A CN201910101784 A CN 201910101784A CN 109932248 A CN109932248 A CN 109932248A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the pilot systems that chamber face under a kind of simulation differently stress condition excavates transient unloading；Chamber face can be simulated and excavate transient unloading process, the country rock transient unloading of different excavation face shapes under differently stress condition and different unloding speed is completed, can also record surrounding rock of chamber whole audience change in displacement overall process simultaneously.Pilot system includes in-situ stress simulator, transient state discharge mechanism and country rock whole audience displacement monitor；In-situ stress simulator is made of crustal stress loading device and surrounding rock of chamber model, four loading surfaces in surrounding rock of chamber model are directly contacted with four fluid heads of crustal stress loading device, and crustal stress loading device and surrounding rock of chamber model are used cooperatively and are placed in the same plane with horizontal plane；Place transient state discharge mechanism and country rock whole audience displacement monitor respectively on former and later two directions of the plane；The test can solve the problems, such as that drilling and blasting method excavation off-load moment surrounding rock displacement is unable to measure in Practical Project indirectly.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates particularly to a kind of, and the underground chamber based on dynamic rock mechanics excavates transient unloading simulation experiment system, belongs to
In geotechnical engineering model test apparatus field.
Background technique
It is limited by topography and geomorphology, a large amount of engineering constructions in China are buried in the country rock of underground, and country rock has stress higher
And complicated geological structure, the unexpected off-load in digging process often induce country rock and squeeze large deformation, rheology, subregion rupture etc.
Nonlinearity behavior then leads to the Geological Hazards such as wall rock destabilization collapsing, cracking, rock burst, comes to the safety belt of engineering
Severe challenge.The deep engineering construction in China is mainly constructed using drilling and blasting method, excavation face under the action of blasting vibration,
Unexpected off-load.On the one hand this transient state digging process easily leads to country rock and generates the off-load of stress dynamic, confining pressure inside configuration is caused to be split
Line germinating, extension and perforation, to form rockmass damage zone；On the other hand, due to rock mass buried depth is big, crustal stress is high, texture
The complicated and Engineering Disturbance reasons such as frequently are made, rock mass is living in subsequent high stress and bursting work, mine shake or tomography in damage zone
Under the effect of the Dynamic And Static Loads such as change, internal micro rupture will continue to extend and penetrate through or even cause unstable failure, then lead to entirety
Structure catastrophic unstability induces the strong rock engineering dynamic disaster such as rock burst.
The country has many scholars by way of numerical simulation and theoretical calculation to the excavation stability of underground chamber at present
It is studied, but the transient Displacements and deformation of surrounding rock of chamber under the unexpected Excavation of excavation face cannot be intuitively understood, because
This needs to carry out indoor physical model test, to carry out mechanical behavior research of the surrounding rock of chamber in the case where excavating transient unloading effect.
The model test of existing underground chamber mainly considers the stability after forming chamber, but cannot reflect unloading process and off-load item
Influence of the part to surrounding rock of chamber.The underground chamber structural plane of Wuhan University of Technology's invention excavates transient unloading loose simulation test system
System only considers the off-load of rock mass discontinuity, global can not intuitively react the stabilization of entire chamber.And unloading control passes through electricity
Magnetic is realized, but electromagnetism needs a period of time to charge before reaching target magnetic force, so the transient unloading that can not be reacted well
Process.
Summary of the invention
For the complexity and importance of adit digging transient unloading, the invention proposes the different stress items of achievable simulation
Underground chamber face excavates the pilot system of transient unloading under part.The system can simulate chamber face and excavate transient unloading
Process, and under achievable differently stress condition and different unloding speed different excavation face shapes country rock transient unloading, and energy
Surrounding rock of chamber whole audience change in displacement overall process is recorded simultaneously.The test can solve drilling and blasting method in Practical Project indirectly and excavate off-load wink
Between surrounding rock displacement the problem of being unable to measure.
The present invention provides a kind of examination of underground chamber face excavation transient unloading that can be achieved under differently stress condition
Check system, the purpose of the pilot system be realize different crustal stress, the underground chamber face of different shape excavation face is excavating
The pilot system of tunneling boring displacement measurement under transient unloading operating condition.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of pilot system simulated chamber face under differently stress condition and excavate transient unloading, including in-situ stress
Simulator, transient state discharge mechanism and country rock whole audience displacement monitor；Wherein, in-situ stress simulator is loaded by crustal stress
Device and surrounding rock of chamber model composition, surrounding rock of chamber model carry out four loading surfaces of country rock model using crustal stress loading device
It clamps and is further applied load, by the effect of plane stress on surrounding rock of chamber model；Crustal stress loading device and surrounding rock of chamber model
It is used cooperatively and is placed in the same plane with horizontal plane；Wink is placed respectively on former and later two directions of the plane
State discharge mechanism and country rock whole audience displacement monitor.
The surrounding rock of chamber model is the slabby rock class material of polygon, and the center is provided with consistent with cock body
Hole；Crustal stress loading device is simulated in a laboratory environment for being further applied load to four loading surfaces of surrounding rock of chamber model
True ground stress environment locating for surrounding rock of chamber；The hole of cock body and surrounding rock of chamber model in transient state discharge mechanism keeps sliding
Dynamic cooperation, cock body can fill hole and work with surrounding rock of chamber model interoperability when crustal stress loading device applies crustal stress, plug
Body undertakes the crustal stress being transmitted at surrounding rock of chamber models holes, true locating for the country rock of original position before simulation underground chamber excavates
Ground stress environment；Then, the high pressure gas in gas tank is controlled by valve and enters transmitting sleeve, drive of high-pressure gas emits sleeve
Interior impact block moves and hits flange to the direction far from cock body, and flange is connected with cock body by discharge arm, realizes plug immediately
Body simulates the Condition of Sudden Unloading process of country rock in situ from the quick pull-out in the hole of surrounding rock of chamber model；By changing in gas tank
The stroke speed of the size control impact block of high-pressure gas pressure, and then realize that cock body is drawn out hole, mould at different rates
Different rate of debarkation in quasi- Practical Project；Country rock whole audience system for monitoring displacement is used to a scope of freedom to surrounding rock of chamber model
The displacement field change information of plane after transient unloading is monitored, with accurately obtain under laboratory condition surrounding rock of chamber for
The deformation response relationship of unexpected Unloading Effect.
The pilot system, stress loading device are four fluid heads, and four fluid heads are to the four of surrounding rock of chamber model
A loading surface is further applied load with simulated ground stress, by realizing accurate control to loading stress path, with data analysis set-up phase
Even cooperate, for measuring and recording the stress of four loading surfaces of model；Divide on other two scope of freedom of surrounding rock of chamber model
It is not disposed with transient state discharge mechanism and country rock whole audience displacement monitor.
The pilot system, the contact surface of the area ratio crustal stress loading device of four loading surfaces of surrounding rock of chamber model
Area wants smaller, to guarantee that cast material being capable of complete load-bearing in load.
Differently chamber face excavates transient unloading device, including test platform under stress condition for simulation of the invention,
Baffle and support device, wherein baffle is connected with support device by bolt, and baffle is installed on test after being connected with support device
Platform is close to one end of surrounding rock of chamber model；Baffle and support device are provided with circular hole identical with unloading shank diameter and wear for it
It crosses；Support is provided on test platform；The function of support is to support transmitting sleeve and discharge arm；The closed end of transmitting sleeve is set
It is equipped with diameter circular hole identical with unloading shank diameter to pass through for discharge arm, encapsulation process is done at circular hole, prevents gas leakage；It is sending out
It penetrates on sleeve to be provided with and be connected with the tank connected valve of gas, gas tank with air compressor machine, impact block is installed in sleeve, among impact block
Diameter circular hole identical with unloading shank diameter is provided with to pass through for discharge arm；Discharge arm is at surrounding rock of chamber model one end and fills in
Body is connected, and is fixed in the other end by screw thread and flange；Compression strain piece, compression strain piece connection dynamic are pasted on discharge arm
Deformeter, dynamic strain indicator connect oscillograph.
The testing stand is equipped with slideway, for adjusting the position of support.
The discharge arm passes through impact block and sleeve, and circular portion is machined with threaded circular hole in discharge arm one end, with
Cock body is fixed；The discharge arm other end is threadably secured with flange.
The baffle is fixed on test platform by jockey, and is contacted with surrounding rock of chamber model；Baffle center stays
There is circular hole identical with unloading shank diameter to pass through for discharge arm and cock body.
The support device is designed as straw hat shape, and one end is bolted on baffle, and there are straight with discharge arm for one end
The identical circular hole of diameter is passed through for discharge arm, for keeping discharge arm horizontal.
The cock body, one end are processed as chamber model face shape, and end is designed as the cone that the gradient is 1 °, the other end
It is carved with screw thread and is connected with unloading rod end in outside.
It is described as follows:
A kind of pilot system simulated chamber face under differently stress condition and excavate transient unloading, which is characterized in that
Including in-situ stress simulator II, transient state discharge mechanism III and country rock whole audience displacement monitor I (see Fig. 1).Wherein, in situ
Stress simulation device II is made of crustal stress loading device 1 and surrounding rock of chamber model 2, and crustal stress loading device 1 is four by controlling
The fluid head of system control processed.The function of the device is to apply plane stress to surrounding rock of chamber model 2, to simulate underground chamber
Locating true ground stress environment；Surrounding rock of chamber model 2 is made of polygon rock type materials plate, and the center is provided with hole
Hole, to simulate surrounding rock of chamber.Country rock whole audience displacement monitor I includes high-speed camera acquisition system, and function is to cave
The displacement field change information of the scope of freedom (applying plane perpendicular to crustal stress) plane after transient unloading of room country rock model into
Row monitoring.Cock body 3 in transient state discharge mechanism III is consistent with the bore hole size in surrounding rock of chamber model 2, cooperates, when test
Cock body 3 can be pulled out instantaneously from hole.Its function is to simulate the unexpected off-load during underground chamber excavation construction.
The transient state discharge mechanism III, it is characterised in that baffle 5, support device are disposed on test platform 17
6, discharge arm 4, cock body 3, support 18, transmitting sleeve 8, impact block 7 and flange 9.Wherein, support device 6 and baffle 5 pass through bolt
16 are fixed as one, and are then mounted on test platform 17.Cock body 3 and flange 9 are connected with the both ends of discharge arm 4 respectively, wherein
The inside of cock body 3 and the outside of discharge arm 4 are machined with the screw thread being mutually matched, and the two is fixedly connected by screw thread, and cock body 3 is close
2 one end of surrounding rock of chamber model；Flange 9 is fixedly linked with discharge arm 4 by bolt 16, and flange 9 is located at 4 other end of discharge arm.Plug
Transmitting sleeve 8 and impact block 7 are provided between body 3 and flange 9, discharge arm 4 passes through the two and can be along axial free movement.It is fixed
Support is provided in the support 18 on test platform 17 for transmitting sleeve 8, discharge arm 4.
It is provided with impact block 7 in the transmitting sleeve 8, emits the one end open closed at one end of sleeve 8, impact block 7 is mute
Bell-shaped and its outer diameter are slightly less than the internal diameter of transmitting sleeve 8, keep it free to slide in transmitting sleeve 8.Impact block 7 and transmitting cover
The center of the closed end of cylinder 8 is provided with diameter circular hole identical with 4 diameter of discharge arm and passes through for discharge arm 4, transmitting set
It is provided with sealing device between the circular hole and discharge arm 4 of 8 closed ends of cylinder, the effect of the device is the closing of closing transmitting sleeve 8
Gap between end circular hole and discharge arm 4 is allowed to air tight, while not limiting discharge arm 4 again along the movement of its axis direction；?
The valve 13 being connected with gas tank 14 is connected on transmitting sleeve 8, gas tank 14 is connected with air compressor machine 15 and can provide for transmitting sleeve 8
Stable pressure gas source.Each part mentioned above passes through support 18 and provides support, and the effect of support 18 is to support each part mentioned above
Them are made coaxially to work.Support 18 is placed on test platform 17 to guarantee that each component is placed and stablize.
One end of test platform 17 is equipped with support device 6, be also provided at 6 center of support device with 3 shape of cock body with
The identical hole of size is moved with guaranteeing that cock body 3 and discharge arm 4 can pass freely through support device 6.Support device 6 and baffle 5
It is fixedly linked by bolt 16, and is also equipped with identical hole at 6 center of support device at the center of baffle 5 for cock body
3 and 4 free movement of discharge arm.Compression strain piece 10 is pasted on discharge arm 4, compression strain piece 10 connects dynamic strain indicator
11, dynamic strain indicator 11 connects oscillograph 12, and above-mentioned three is used cooperatively to acquire jointly and generate on discharge arm 4 due to hitting
Stress wave.The three-view diagram of transient state discharge mechanism is as shown in Fig. 3-Fig. 5.
The support device 6 is designed as straw hat shape, and one end is bolted on baffle 5, one end there are with discharge arm 4
The identical circular hole of diameter is passed through for discharge arm 4, for keeping discharge arm 4 horizontal.The baffle 5 is fixed on examination by jockey
It tests on platform 17, baffle 5 is contacted with surrounding rock of chamber model 2；There are circular holes identical with 4 diameter of discharge arm to guarantee at baffle 5 center
Discharge arm 4 is passed freely through with cock body 3.Support device 6 and baffle 5 can guarantee that cock body 3 is unloaded bar 4 and pulls out surrounding rock of chamber model 2
Center hole when, model itself keep stablizing do not drawn it is bad to influence experimental result.
The test platform 17 is equipped with slideway, for adjusting the position of support 18.
The cock body 3, one end are processed as chamber model face shape, can be round or shape of a hoof etc., end is designed as
The gradient is 1 ° of cone, is carved with screw thread outside the other end and is connected with 4 end of discharge arm.Fig. 6 is that surrounding rock of chamber model 2 and transient state unload
The sectional view that device III connects.
The country rock whole audience displacement monitor I, including high-speed camera, the two are connected with computer, for measuring, recording
With storage country rock whole audience overall process change in displacement.The high-speed camera acquisition system can be connected with dynamic strain indicator 11, pass through
Trigger signal, triggering high-speed camera measure and record unloading moment surrouding rock stress redistribution situation.
Four fluid heads of the crustal stress loading device 1 can to surrounding rock of chamber model 2 non-free boundary (a, b, c,
D) (as shown in Figure 7) is further applied load to simulate crustal stress in situ, and control system can realize accurate control to loading stress path.It should
Device is connected with data analysis set-up, for measuring and recording the stress of four loading surfaces of model.
The surrounding rock of chamber model 2 utilizes four fluid heads of crustal stress loading device 1 to four loading surfaces of model
(i.e. non-free boundary a, b, c, d, shown in Fig. 7) is clamped and is further applied load, by plane stress on surrounding rock of chamber model 2
Effect；Transient state discharge mechanism is respectively disposed on other two direction scope of freedom (A, B, shown in Fig. 7) of surrounding rock of chamber model 2
III and country rock whole audience displacement monitor I.
The contact of the area ratio crustal stress loading device 1 on the non-free boundary (a, b, c, d) of the surrounding rock of chamber model 2
Face area wants smaller, to guarantee that cast material being capable of complete load-bearing in load.
Preferably, the discharge arm 4 is nickel chromium triangle Steel material, length 600mm, diameter 20mm.
Preferably, for the baffle 5 with a thickness of 10mm, length and width is respectively 150mm.
Preferably, the surrounding rock of chamber model 2, boundary are square boundary, and length, which can be changed, turns to 300mm~500mm, four
The isosceles triangle that side length is 20~30mm is cut away at angle respectively, and center hole is 10mm close to monitoring system orientation diameter, close
Discharge mechanism end is that gradient increase is 1 °, is bonded with discharge arm surface, and wherein chamber shape can become according to Practical Project situation
Change.
Preferably, the operating pressure of the gas tank 14 is 0.5~20MPa.
Preferably, the foil gauge 10 uses 1000 Ω resistance of precision standard, and paste position is located at discharge arm close to cock body
At the 1/3 of end, strain built-in testing uses Wheatstone bridge test philosophy.
All devices carry out installation configuration according to the method described above in the present invention, and four in surrounding rock of chamber model 2 are non-free
Boundary is directly contacted with four fluid heads of crustal stress loading device 1, and the two is used cooperatively and is placed in same vertical with ground
In straight plane.Place transient state discharge mechanism III and the displacement of the country rock whole audience respectively on former and later two directions (A, B) of the plane
Monitoring device I；
The polygon rock type materials plate of hole is set centered on surrounding rock of chamber model；Crustal stress loading device is used
It is further applied load, is simulated locating for surrounding rock of chamber in a laboratory environment really in the non-free boundary to surrounding rock of chamber model
Ambient stress；The hole holding of cock body and surrounding rock of chamber model in transient state discharge mechanism is slidably matched, crustal stress loading device
Cock body can fill hole and work with surrounding rock of chamber model interoperability when applying crustal stress, and cock body undertakes surrounding rock of chamber models holes
The crustal stress that place is transmitted to takes this to simulate true ground stress environment locating for the country rock of original position before underground chamber excavates；Then,
The high pressure gas in gas tank is controlled by valve and enters transmitting sleeve, and drive of high-pressure gas emits the impact block in sleeve to separate
The direction of cock body, which moves and hits flange, generates Impulsive load wave εi(e), wave ε is loadediIt is propagated along discharge arm to cock body direction,
Flange is connected with cock body by discharge arm, realizes cock body from the quick pull-out in the hole of surrounding rock of chamber model to simulate original immediately
The Condition of Sudden Unloading process of position country rock, the load wave ε propagated along discharge armiReflection generates back wave ε at cock bodyr(f), such as Fig. 2 institute
Show.Size by changing gas tank high-pressure gas pressure controls the stroke speed of impact block, and then realizes cock body with different speed
Degree is drawn out hole, and then simulates rate of debarkation different in Practical Project；Country rock whole audience system for monitoring displacement is used to chamber
The displacement field change information of plane of the scope of freedom (applying plane perpendicular to crustal stress) for country rock model after transient unloading
It is monitored, accurately to obtain under laboratory condition surrounding rock of chamber for the deformation response relationship of unexpected Unloading Effect.
The present invention provides the experimental rig that transient unloading is excavated under a kind of analog tunnel surrounding difference stress condition, the dress
It sets and mainly includes, in-situ stress simulator, transient state discharge mechanism and country rock whole audience displacement monitor；Wherein in-situ stress mould
Crustal stress loading device in quasi- device is used to be further applied load to surrounding rock of chamber model；Transient state discharge mechanism is to surrounding rock of chamber
Model carries out unexpected off-load comprising discharge arm, cock body, transmitting sleeve, impact block, flange, baffle, support, test platform show
Wave device and dynamic strain indicator.Entire transient state discharge mechanism is consistent with adit digging direction perpendicular to surrounding rock of chamber model；Use cock body
Instead of the rock mass that face will unload, cock body is connected by screw thread with discharge arm.Distinguished by dynamic strain indicator and oscillograph
Wave is loaded in record discharge arm and back wave changes over time signal, to calculate face transient unloading rate.In the present invention,
Surrounding rock of chamber model can apply external loads to surrounding rock of chamber model with simulating in Practical Project by crustal stress loading device
The initial field stress environment of lower chamber；By changing the emission rate of impact block to simulate the chamber face of different rates of debarkation
Transient state unloading；And it can change the character simulation different shape surrounding rock of chamber transient unloading mechanics and deformational behavior of cock body.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of pilot system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the wave system figure that discharge arm generates when impact block and flange collision.
Fig. 3 is the front view of transient state discharge mechanism in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the top view of transient state discharge mechanism in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the side view of transient state discharge mechanism in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the sectional view that surrounding rock of chamber model is connect with transient state discharge mechanism.
Fig. 7 is surrounding rock of chamber model front view and side view.
Fig. 8 is that experimental rig transient state unloads load forces duration curve when unloading.
Wherein: 1 is crustal stress loading device, and 2 be surrounding rock of chamber model, and 3 be cock body (face rock mass), and 4 be discharge arm,
5 be baffle, and 6 be support device, and 7 be impact block, and 8 be transmitting sleeve, and 9 be flange, and 10 be compression strain piece, and 11 be dynamic strain
Instrument, 12 be oscillograph, and 13 be valve, and 14 be gas tank, and 15 be air compressor machine, and 16 be bolt, and 17 be test platform, and e is Impulsive load
Wave εi, f is back wave εr.I is country rock whole audience displacement monitor, and II is in-situ stress simulator, and III unloads and carry for transient state
It sets.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments:
As shown in Figure 1, the test simulated chamber face under differently stress condition and excavate transient unloading in the present invention
System mainly includes three parts: in-situ stress simulator II, transient state discharge mechanism III and country rock whole audience displacement monitor
Ⅰ；In the pilot system, surrounding rock of chamber model 2 is using the crustal stress loading device 1 in in-situ stress simulator II to its four
Loading surface (a, b, c, d) is clamped and is further applied load, therefore by the effect of plane stress on surrounding rock of chamber model 2.Wherein,
Hole in surrounding rock of chamber model 2 is filled by the cock body 3 in transient state discharge mechanism III, and crustal stress is transmitted to cock body 3 by hole
On；After load, cock body 3 and surrounding rock of chamber model 2 cooperate with shared crustal stress；Other the two of surrounding rock of chamber model
Transient state discharge mechanism III and country rock whole audience displacement monitor I are respectively disposed on a scope of freedom (A, B)；The surrounding rock of chamber mould
Type is polygon rock type materials plate, the center be provided with the hole of the same size of cock body 3, and can be slidably matched.
In transient state discharge mechanism III include cock body 3, baffle 5, support device 6, discharge arm 4, support 18, transmitting sleeve 8,
Impact block 7 and flange 9.Wherein, support device 6 and baffle 5 are fixed as one by bolt 16, are then mounted on test platform 17
On.Cock body 3 and flange 9 are connected with the both ends of discharge arm 4 respectively, and wherein the inside of cock body 3 and the outside of discharge arm 4 are machined with phase
Mutual matched screw thread, the two are fixedly connected by screw thread, and cock body 3 is close to 2 one end of surrounding rock of chamber model；Flange 9 and discharge arm 4 are logical
It crosses bolt 16 to be fixedly linked, flange 9 is located at 4 other end of discharge arm.It is provided with transmitting sleeve 8 between cock body 3 and flange 9 and hits
Block 7, discharge arm 4 pass through the two and can be along axial free movements.Be fixed on support 18 on test platform 17 for transmitting sleeve 8,
Discharge arm 4 provides support.Emit the one end open closed at one end of sleeve 8, impact block 7 can be free to slide in transmitting sleeve 8.It hits
Block 7 is provided with diameter circular hole identical with 4 diameter of discharge arm for discharge arm 4 with the center of the closed end of transmitting sleeve 8
It passes through, emits and be provided with sealing device between the circular hole and discharge arm 4 of the closed end of sleeve 8, it can sealing sleeve closed end circle
Gap between hole and discharge arm 4 is allowed to air tight；The valve 13 connecting with gas tank 14, gas tank are connected on transmitting sleeve 8
14 are connected with air compressor machine 15 and can provide stable pressure gas source for transmitting sleeve 8.Each part mentioned above passes through support 18 and provides
Support, the effect of support 18 are to support each part mentioned above that them is made coaxially to work.Support 18 be placed on test platform 17 with
Guarantee that each component is placed to stablize.
One end of test platform 17 is equipped with support device 6, be also provided at 6 center of support device with 3 shape of cock body with
The identical hole of size is moved with guaranteeing that cock body 3 and discharge arm 4 can pass freely through support device 6.Support device 6 and baffle 5
It is fixedly linked by bolt 16, and is also equipped with identical hole at 6 center of support device at the center of baffle 5 for cock body
3 and 4 free movement of discharge arm.Compression strain piece 10 is pasted on discharge arm 4, compression strain piece 10 connects dynamic strain indicator 11,
Dynamic strain indicator 11 connects oscillograph 12.
6 one end of support device is bolted on baffle 5, and there are circular holes identical with 4 diameter of discharge arm to supply for one end
Discharge arm 4 passes through.Baffle 5 is fixed on test platform 17 by jockey, and baffle 5 is contacted with surrounding rock of chamber model 2；Baffle
There are circular holes identical with 4 diameter of discharge arm to guarantee that discharge arm 4 is passed freely through with cock body 3 at 5 centers.
After each component assembling of pilot system, four fluid heads of crustal stress loading device 1 are controlled to surrounding rock of chamber system
System 2 applies crustal stress, and cock body 3 is in unison to undertake crustal stress；It is loaded into specified stress and maintains to keep it not
Become.The compressed gas that certain pressure size will be filled in gas tank 14 using air compressor machine 15, opening valve 13 is filled with compressed gas
To transmitting sleeve 8, push impact block 7 that it is made to hit flange 9；Flange 9 drives discharge arm 4 to move, and discharge arm 4 is by off-load pulling force
It propagates to cock body 3 and disengages it from surrounding rock of chamber model 2.Utilize during this compression strain piece 10, dynamic strain indicator 11 and
Oscillograph 12 collects and records waveform, when the high pressure gas in gas tank 14 is by abrupt release, will push impact block 7 and is emitting
It is moved in sleeve 8, when 7 edge of impact block is contacted and hit with flange 9, impact block 7 and flange 9 simultaneously drive discharge arm 4 and plug
Body 3 continues to move with identical speed, so that cock body 3 can be pulled out from the hole of surrounding rock of chamber model 2 by moment.Hit wink
Between a column tensile loads stress wave ε can be generated at discharge arm 4 and 9 connecting pin of flangei, the column stress wave is along discharge arm 4 to plug
It propagates and forms back wave ε in rod end in the direction of body 3r；All of above stress wave is answered by the compression being pasted on discharge arm 4
Become piece to be acquired.Typical waveform in test is as shown in Figure 8.The waveform is used to trigger country rock whole audience displacement monitor simultaneously
I, to realize the Image Acquisition to surrounding rock of chamber model free boundary under unexpected Unloading Effect.
Differently chamber face excavates the examination of transient unloading under stress condition for a kind of simulation that the present invention is disclosed and proposed
Check system, those skilled in the art can be by using for reference present disclosure, and the appropriate links such as condition route that change are realized, although of the invention
Method and technology of preparing be described by preferred embodiment, related technical personnel can obviously not depart from the present invention
Methods and techniques described herein route is modified or is reconfigured in content, spirit and scope, to realize final system
Standby technology.In particular, it should be pointed out that all similar replacements and change are apparent for a person skilled in the art
, they are considered as being included in spirit of that invention, range and content.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of pilot system simulated chamber face under differently stress condition and excavate transient unloading, which is characterized in that packet
Include in-situ stress simulator, transient state discharge mechanism and country rock whole audience displacement monitor；Wherein, in-situ stress simulator by
Crustal stress loading device and surrounding rock of chamber model composition, surrounding rock of chamber model is using crustal stress loading device to four, country rock model
Loading surface is clamped and is further applied load, by the effect of plane stress on surrounding rock of chamber model；Crustal stress loading device and cave
Room country rock model is used cooperatively and is placed in the same plane with horizontal plane；On former and later two directions of the plane
Transient state discharge mechanism and country rock whole audience displacement monitor are placed respectively.
2. pilot system as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that surrounding rock of chamber model is the slabby rock class material of polygon,
The center is provided with and the consistent hole of cock body；Crustal stress loading device is for applying four loading surfaces of surrounding rock of chamber model
Loading carries, and simulates true ground stress environment locating for surrounding rock of chamber in a laboratory environment；Cock body in transient state discharge mechanism
Hole holding with surrounding rock of chamber model is slidably matched, and cock body can fill hole simultaneously when crustal stress loading device applies crustal stress
It works with surrounding rock of chamber model interoperability, cock body undertakes the crustal stress being transmitted at surrounding rock of chamber models holes, simulates underground cave
True ground stress environment locating for the country rock of original position before room is excavated；Then, the high pressure gas in gas tank is controlled by valve and enters hair
Sleeve is penetrated, the impact block in drive of high-pressure gas transmitting sleeve moves and hit flange, flange and plug to the direction far from cock body
Body is connected by discharge arm, realizes cock body from the quick pull-out in the hole of surrounding rock of chamber model to simulate country rock in situ immediately
Condition of Sudden Unloading process；Size by changing gas tank mesohigh gas pressure controls the stroke speed of impact block, and then realizes plug
Body is drawn out hole at different rates, simulates rate of debarkation different in Practical Project；Country rock whole audience system for monitoring displacement is used
It is monitored come the displacement field change information of plane of the scope of freedom after transient unloading to surrounding rock of chamber model, with accurate
Deformation response relationship of the surrounding rock of chamber for unexpected Unloading Effect under acquisition laboratory condition.
3. pilot system as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that crustal stress loading device is four fluid heads, four fluid heads
It is further applied load four loading surfaces of surrounding rock of chamber model with simulated ground stress, by realizing accurate control to loading stress path
System, be connected cooperation with data analysis set-up, for measuring and recording the stress of four loading surfaces of model；In surrounding rock of chamber model
Transient state discharge mechanism and country rock whole audience displacement monitor are respectively disposed on other two scope of freedom.
4. pilot system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that the area ratio of four loading surfaces of surrounding rock of chamber model answer
The contact surface area of force loading device wants smaller, to guarantee that cast material being capable of complete load-bearing in load.
5. differently chamber face excavates transient unloading device under stress condition for the simulation of claim 1, it is characterized in that including
Test platform, baffle and support device, wherein baffle is connected with support device by bolt, and baffle is pacified after being connected with support device
Loaded on test platform close to one end of surrounding rock of chamber model；Baffle and support device are provided with circular hole identical with unloading shank diameter
It is passed through for it；Support is provided on test platform；The function of support is to support transmitting sleeve and discharge arm；Emit the envelope of sleeve
Closed end is provided with diameter circular hole identical with unloading shank diameter and passes through for discharge arm, and encapsulation process, anti-leak-stopping are done at circular hole
Gas；It is provided on transmitting sleeve and is connected with air compressor machine with the tank connected valve of gas, gas tank, impact block is installed in sleeve, is hit
It hits among block and is provided with diameter and is passed through with the identical circular hole of unloading shank diameter for discharge arm；Discharge arm is close to surrounding rock of chamber model one
It is connected at end with cock body, is fixed in the other end by screw thread and flange；Compression strain piece, compression strain piece are pasted on discharge arm
Dynamic strain indicator is connected, dynamic strain indicator connects oscillograph.
6. device as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that the testing stand is equipped with slideway, for adjusting the position of support.
7. device as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that the discharge arm is in impact block and sleeve, discharge arm one end
Circular portion is machined with threaded circular hole, fixes with cock body；The discharge arm other end is threadably secured with flange.
8. device as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that the baffle is fixed on test platform by jockey, and with
The contact of surrounding rock of chamber model；There are pass through with the identical circular hole of unloading shank diameter for discharge arm and cock body for baffle center.
9. device as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that the support device is designed as straw hat shape, one end is bolted
On baffle, one end with the identical circular hole of unloading shank diameter for discharge arm there are passing through, for keeping discharge arm horizontal.
10. device as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that the cock body, one end is processed as chamber model face shape, end
Head is designed as the cone that the gradient is 1 °, and screw thread is carved with outside the other end and is connected with unloading rod end.
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