CN107036895A - The vertical side friction test device of in-situ three-dimensional dead load under ground body opening - Google Patents
The vertical side friction test device of in-situ three-dimensional dead load under ground body opening Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0026—Combination of several types of applied forces
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Abstract
The invention provides shear vertical integrated in-situ testing device with brill under ground body opening, including lateral experiment portion, vertical experiment portion and test cell, experiment portion of leaning to one side includes being fixed on fixing pipe in frame axis, with the reaction plate of radially movable the multiple arcs for being arranged on fixing pipe circumference, for the radial direction power set for driving reaction plate to move radially, with being fixed in fixing pipe to install the carriage of radial direction power set, and the sliding power device that driving radial direction power set are moved on carriage；Vertical experiment portion includes Vertical Dynamic device and the vertical static load lotus device pressed to bottom hole；Test cell obtains the measurement data in lateral experiment portion and vertical experiment portion by measuring cell, and is delivered to the data host positioned at ground by cable.The present invention can be tested under any depth, various Rock And Soils, the hole of various moisture content, obtain the multinomial intensity index of Rock And Soil, fully meet field experiment indices requirement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geological exploration field, more particularly to one kind can realize that in-situ three-dimensional is quiet under ground body opening simultaneously
The test device of load, vertical side friction.
Background technology
The in-situ test intensive parameter of Rock And Soil has obvious by comparison with the conventional method of laboratory test intensive parameter
Advantage：
1) in-situ test under ground body opening can be carried out in proposed place, without sampling, it is to avoid because sampling due to disturbance
The problems such as disturbance of a series of problems brought, such as original state ground sample and change of moisture content；
2) the ground size religion laboratory experiment involved by in-situ test more greatly, thus can more reflect the macroscopic view of Rock And Soil
Influence of the structure to the mechanical property of Rock And Soil.
Rock And Soil engineering investigation stage of the in-situ test work mainly before structure engineering design is carried out, it is necessary to obtained
The physical and mechanical parameter of ground is obtained there is provided to data based on design department, therefore, it is necessary to accomplish that data are accurate, reliable, steady
Fixed, the design structure of Cai Huishi design departments is safe and reliable, and then ensures the safety of life and property.
At present, the in-situ test of the soil body is tested including static load test on the ground, shearing experiment and cuts experiment greatly
Deng；Lower cross shear experiment, lateral loading test, static sounding, dynamic sounding, Standard piercing are tested etc. with drilling.
At present, the experiment of rock mass mainly has rock mass deformation experiment, rock mass strength experiment, rock point load intensity experiment, rock
Bulk acoustic wave detection (sonic test, acoustic logging, the sonic test of rocvk classification that include surrounding rock of chamber relaxation zone), subgrade settlement
Experiment, the experiment of country rock convergent deformation, the engineering geology displaying figure of chamber, and measurement while drilling etc..
Related to the present invention is measurement while drilling, and measurement while drilling (MWD) is a kind of advanced technology in directional drilling, can be with
Uninterrupted Directional Drilling and then the nearly some information in drill bit bore bottom are measured, and information is sent to the process of earth's surface at once, with skill
The progress of art, modern measurement while drilling has developed well logging, can obtain the information of three aspects：1) directional data (hole angle, side
Parallactic angle, tool face azimuth)；2) formation characteristics (gamma ray, resistivity logging record)；3) drilling parameter (Bottom Hole Bit Weight In A, moment of torsion,
Revolutions per minute).
Related to the present invention to also have lateral loading test, lateral loading test is that a kind of level carried out in drilling at the scene is tried to load
Test.Specific test method is that a cylindrical other depressor is put into designed elevation in drilling, and pressurization make it that other depressor is laterally swollen
It is swollen, the volume-pressure or curves of stress-strain relationship of drilling hole transverse expansion can be obtained according to the reading of experiment, be can use accordingly
To estimate foundation bearing capacity, determine the intensive parameter of soil, deformation parameter, bedding value, estimation foundation settlement, bearing capacity of single pile with
Sedimentation.
Cone penetration test related to the present invention, static sounding is to utilize that circular cone is popped one's head in a constant injection speed
By a series of feeler levers press-in soil in, according to measure probe penetration resistance size come indirect judgement soil physico-mechanical properties original
Position experiment.It is applied to：Weak soil, cohesive soil, silt, saturated sand and the soil containing a small amount of rubble.Static sounding shortcoming：1) injection machine
Reason is unclear, unclear for the frictional resistance and point resistance of probe, describes, is applied to currently without clear and definite mathematical model
The design of pile foundation, can only be empirically determined side friction and end resistance；2) it is difficult to injection for gravelly soil and closely knit sand,
Soil layer can not directly be observed.In geological mapping, static sounding often and drill sampling use in conjunction.
Failure mode of the rock mass under external load or Unloading Effect, which is generally, breaks bad and tension destruction, wherein shearing is broken
It is bad to be in the great majority.Therefore, the essence of rock mass damage is exactly failure by shear and tension breakdown strength, the in-situ test master of rock mass strength
If measuring shearing and the tensile strength of rock mass.The ground experiment in situ used at present, can measure the angle of friction c of rock mass and interior
Poly- force valueValue, c,Value is the important indicator of rock mass strength, and it represents the performance that rock mass resists failure by shear.
Rock mass structure unit is (weak structural face, hard by sillar (block, tabular, complete or fragmentation), structural plane
Structural plane) and the composition such as charges, due to the inhomogeneities of development and the distribution of various structural planes, its deformation properties is compared rock
Stone deformation is much more complex, thus the deformation of rock mass can not be stated by the deformation of rock, it is necessary to pass through rock mass deformation measuring
It deforms index.Rock mass deformation experiment is to determine rock mass deformation characteristic index under certain load effect or Unloading Effect
And the rock mass field experiment carried out.The deformation modulus, modulus of elasticity and deformation coefficient isolith lapicide of rock mass is determined by experiment
Indispensable Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass in journey.The experiment can obtain the deformation modulus and modulus of elasticity of rock mass.
The point loading experiment of rock is placed in rock block on the loading system of a pair points of contacts, and the rock failure mechanism of rock is mainly
In the property of cleavage fracture, the mechanism of destruction is a destruction.It is the tensile strength for measuring rock to be tested using point loading, further according to
Relational expression between the tensile strength and compression strength covered up, the compression strength of rock is conversed by point loading experimental result.
The physical and mechanical parameter of rock mass is the data on basis, if cannot get exact value, to the intensity of any rock mass engineering project
Design, deformation analysis, stability, just accurately cannot design and evaluate, so most engineering discipline has safe system
Count to increase safe guarantee.For colliery engineering, it is related to the design basis data of roadway support, clearly measures tunnel and enclose
The mechanics parameter of rock, to ensure reasonability, economical cost and the duration of design of its support；Expansion rate, scope and the expansion of relaxation zone
Open up rule etc.；Country rock numerical simulation under unloading condition, to be also accurately obtained the mechanics parameter of each layer rock mass of country rock can just obtain
Preferable result.
Rock mass in-situ test is to prepare the effect of test specimen model engineering at the scene to apply external load to rock mass, and then asks for rock mass
The test method of mechanics parameter, is one of important means of geotechnical engineering investigation.The great advantage of rock mass in-situ test is to rock
Body disturbance is small, and the natural structure and ambient condition of rock mass are maintained as much as possible, makes the Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass measured directly perceived, accurate
Really.
At present, the greatest problem that rock mass in-situ test is present is a lack of the accurate measuring apparatus of easy to use, measurement result,
Particularly full-automatic smart machine.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to provide one kind to realize in-situ three-dimensional dead load under hole-vertical side under ground body opening
The test device of frictional resistance measurement.
Especially, in-situ three-dimensional dead load-vertical side friction test device under ground body opening of the present invention, including frame,
It is provided with the frame：
Lateral experiment portion, installed in the top of the frame, including the fixing pipe being fixed in the frame axis, can footpath
It is dynamic for drive that the reaction plate moves radially to the reaction plate for the multiple arcs for removably mounting within the fixing pipe circumference
Power apparatus, and be fixed in the fixing pipe to install the radial direction power set and realize the carriage vertically moved, with
And the sliding power device that the driving radial direction power set are vertically moved on the carriage；
Vertical experiment portion, is fixed on the bottom of the frame, including apply the Vertical Dynamic device of vertical power, and device to hole
The vertical static load lotus device that bottom is pressed；
Test cell, the measurement data in the lateral experiment portion and the vertical experiment portion is obtained by measuring cell, and
Data host positioned at ground is delivered to by cable.
In an embodiment of the invention, the carriage is the sleeve for being enclosed on the fixing pipe excircle, and
The fixing pipe it can realize and move radially relatively, the radial direction power set are fixed on the sleeve.
In an embodiment of the invention, in-situ three-dimensional dead load-vertical side friction under described ground body opening
Test device, it is characterised in that
The excircle of the sleeve is provided with the top and bottom of fixed mount, the fixed mount and is respectively arranged with perpendicular to institute
The slide rail of sleeve is stated, the reaction plate is stuck on the slide rail by the sliding block being arranged at upper and lower ends；
The radial direction power set are the first air bag that flexible material makes, and are connected by pipeline with first air bag
The first source of the gas, first air bag fixes with the reaction plate and the sleeve respectively.
In an embodiment of the invention, the carriage is the cunning for being vertically fixed on the fixed tube outer surface
Rail, the radial direction power set are slidably connected by sliding block with the slide rail.
In an embodiment of the invention, the excircle of the fixing pipe is provided with fixed mount, the fixed mount
Top and bottom are respectively arranged with the slide rail perpendicular to the fixing pipe, and the reaction plate passes through the cunning that is arranged at upper and lower ends
Block is stuck on the slide rail；
The radial direction power set are the first air bag that flexible material makes, and are connected by pipeline with first air bag
The first source of the gas, first air bag fixes with the reaction plate and the fixing pipe respectively.
In an embodiment of the invention, the sliding power device includes being arranged on the radial direction power set
Side the second air bag, and for second air bag supply the second source of the gas, second air bag respectively with the frame and radial direction
Power set are connected.
In an embodiment of the invention, visual device is installed in the frame, the visual device is to take the photograph
Camera or camera.
In an embodiment of the invention, the vertical static load lotus device includes：
Housing, is enclosed on the excircle of the fixing pipe；
Push rod, be may move and be rotatably set in the fixing pipe, and external screw thread, and peace are offered on the push rod
Equipped with displacement transducer and pressure sensor；
Guide rod, is provided with eight and is distributed in the housing, and can be moved along the length direction of the housing, described
One end of guide rod is provided with centering block, and the outer spiral shell being adapted with the external screw thread of the push rod is formed with the outer surface of the guide rod
Line；
Contiguous block, is movably set in the fixing pipe；
Pushing block, is arranged on one end of the fixing pipe；
Pressure pin, is provided with eight and one end is hingedly mounted on the contiguous block；
Support bar, be provided with eight and respectively with the pressure pin correspond set, one end of the support bar with it is described
The other end of pressure pin is articulated and connected, and the other end of support bar is hingedly connected on the pushing block.
In an embodiment of the invention, the computational methods for calculating vertical side friction are as follows：
According to vertical force and displacement curve, material coefficient β vertical side friction q may be accountedsvValue：
Wherein, pvFor vertical force net value, A is active area.
In an embodiment of the invention, the method for calculating dead load is as follows：
The deformation modulus of soil should be according to the straightways of p-s curves, by the elasticity of homogeneous isotropism semo-infinite elastic fluid
The deformation modulus E of static load test under theoretical calculation, holec(MPa), it can be calculated as follows：
Wherein, p is the pressure (kpa) of p-s curve linears section, scFor displacement (mm) corresponding with p, ωcFor with testing depth
The coefficient relevant with great soil group.
The present invention solves the indoor shearing experiment that current soil test used and there is larger error, and can not also be right
The problem of all soil is sampled.
The present invention can take into full account different base forms, the different mechanics parameter of test ground, for pile foundation
Speech, can directly obtain the side friction value and end bearing force value of soil around pile, and the present invention is applied step by step using reaction plate in side wall
Horizontal loading, can measure the curve of pressure-displacement, complete lateral static load test；The same of horizontal force is applied to reaction plate step by step
When, the thrust of side wall downward (upward) so that (upward) frictional force downwards is produced between reaction plate and side wall Rock And Soil, can be measured
The curve of vertical force-displacement, so as to obtain side friction, that is, obtains the frictional force of stake and soil around pile.It can must further obtain anti-
Quiet Cha Jiao and the dynamic friction angle of rubbing of power plate and side wall Rock And Soil；In bottom hole using expansion bearing plate, vertically static load test is being done；
It is the test of end resistance, is completed using the chip cutting ring of shearing experiment in situ, in working angles, according to difficulty or ease journey
Degree, drilling depth situation, with reference to shearing experiment in situ, determines cutting resistance, so that the experiment of erect static load lotus is proofreaded, so as to proofread an end
Resistance.
The deep hole sampling and testing device of the present invention can enter under any depth, various Rock And Soils, the hole of various moisture content
Row experiment, obtains the multinomial intensity index of Rock And Soil, fully meets field experiment indices requirement.Original position is realized to ground
Body is accurately and rapidly tested, and is solved current rock mass in-situ test and is lacked the accurate measuring apparatus of easy to use, measurement result
Problem, can be widely used for the Rock And Soil strength test of big ground industry.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the test device structural representation of one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the test device structural representation of another embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the vertical static load lotus device of one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation that centering block shifts expanded position onto in Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is the disk schematic diagram of centering block formation in Fig. 4.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, 2, in-situ three-dimensional dead load-vertical side friction under the ground body opening of one embodiment of the present invention
Test device 100 includes a frame 10 that can be come in and gone out by cable in earth drilling in general manner, pacifies in frame 10
Surveyed equipped with lateral experiment portion 20 and vertical experiment portion 30, and for receiving and handling lateral experiment portion 20 and vertical experiment portion 30
Measure the test cell of data.
Frame 10 can be the frame structure of a tubular, can install corresponding protective housing in outside, internally lead to
Cross various frameworks and different test components are installed.
Lateral experiment portion 20 is arranged on the top of frame 10, for realizing lateral dead load and vertical side friction under hole
Experiment, including the fixing pipe 11 inside frame 10 is fixed on, the multiple arcs of the circumference of fixing pipe 11 are arranged on radially movablely
Reaction plate 22, radial direction power set 21 are installed between reaction plate 22 and fixing pipe 11, radial direction power set 21 with it is fixed
Carriage 24 in fixing pipe 11 is connected, and driving radial direction power set 21 are provided with the top of frame 10 in carriage
The sliding power device 23 vertically moved on 24.Wherein, each reaction plate 22 surrounds an annular by the center of circle of fixing pipe, and in footpath
To under the control of power set 21, in radially moving back and forth for fixing pipe 11.The quantity of specific reaction plate 22 can be 2~4
Block.Radial direction power set 21 can be hydraulic means, and it is connected with reaction plate 22 by hydraulic stem and promotes reaction plate 22 relative
Fixing pipe 11 is radially moved.
Carriage 24 can be the structure of slide rail or chute, and radial direction power set 21 engage with carriage 24, and can
Moved up along axle of the carriage 24 in fixing pipe 11.Sliding power device 23 is arranged on the top of frame, by radially
Power set 21 press, and radial direction power set is moved on carriage 24.Sliding power device 23 can be hydraulic pressure, pneumatic
Or the mode such as electronic.
Vertical experiment portion 30 is fixed on the bottom of frame 10, is applied downwards for the pressure at right angle at measured hole bottom, including offer
The Vertical Dynamic device 31 of pressure, and the vertical static load lotus device pressed under the pressure of Vertical Dynamic device 31 to bottom hole
32。
The test cell includes measuring cell and data host, and measuring cell is arranged on lateral experiment portion 20 and vertical experiment
At portion 30, to obtain corresponding measurement data, data host is placed on ground to facilitate the various realities that operating personnel's processing is collected
Data are tested, data host is connected by cable with each measuring cell.Specific measurement part can include measurement pressure, measurement and erect
To the respective sensor of power and displacement etc., the cable of measuring cell transmission data guides to ground and number after can passing through fixing pipe 11
Connected according to main frame.
Operationally, frame 10 is suspended in midair in the drilling accomplished fluently, reaches after specified location, pass through the data master on ground
Various experimental facilities in machine control deep hole are accordingly tested.
Lateral static load test is carried out first, and process is as follows：Counter-force is promoted by test cell control radial direction power set 21
Plate 22 is relatively fixed pipe 11 and radially moved, and each reaction plate 22 is moved to the corresponding sidewall direction of dell respectively, finally with side wall
Contact, then controls radial direction power set 21 to apply normal force to reaction plate 22 step by step, until the pressure that side wall is born reaches reality
Test requirement.In the process, by being separately mounted to the pressure sensor of the outer surface of reaction plate 22, the pressure of side wall can be obtained
Delta data simultaneously passes to data host by cable in time, and data host is by accordingly can be calculated rock-soil layer at deep hole
Lateral pressure-displacement (P-S) curve, and then obtain the corresponding each to ratio limits load, plastic load, ultimate load of Rock And Soil
Etc. index.
After the completion of lateral static load test, by radial direction power set 21 reaction plate 22 can be controlled to return to original position.
Then vertical side friction experiment is carried out, process is as follows：
Position predetermined in a deep hole is reselected, promotes reaction plate 22 to be connect with side wall by radial direction power set 21
Touch, restart the driving radial direction of sliding power device 23 power set 21 and reaction plate 22 under the cooperation of carriage 24 while edge
Fixing pipe 11 is moved down, and the meeting opposing sidewalls of reaction plate 22 moved down produce friction, now by the respective sensor on reaction plate 22,
Side force on current reaction plate 22 and frictional force can be sent to test cell.By controlling the offside wall of reaction plate 22 to apply
The lateral load of different stage, is then moved down again, can finally measure different side forces and the data of vertical displacement, then
To corresponding vertical force-displacement curve.Vertical side friction test equipment not only obtains lateral dead load examination in the experiment of side wall
Test tested result；The data of the frictional resistance of side wall and reaction plate can also be obtained, survey of this data than cone penetration test
Clear and definite, the stiction and kinetic force of friction under different loads of data are obtained, normal force-vertical force curved line relation is obtained, vertically
Force-displacement curve, directly obtains pile side friction, can directly be applied in Design of Foundation, rather than in feeler inspection sample between
Ad valorem.
Calculating process is as follows：According to vertical force and displacement curve, material coefficient β vertical side friction may be accounted
qsvValue：
In formula：pv：Vertical force net value；A：Active area.
Static load test：
The deformation modulus of soil should according to the straightways of p-s curves, can by homogeneous isotropism semo-infinite elastic fluid bullet
Property theoretical calculation.The deformation modulus E of static load test under holec(MPa), it can be calculated as follows：
Wherein：p：The pressure (kpa) of p-s curve linears section；sc：Displacement (mm) corresponding with p；ωc：With experiment depth with
The relevant coefficient of great soil group.
Carriage 24 therein can be the structure that any one makes radial direction power set be moved along projected route, such as sliding
The structures such as rail, chute.
Although present embodiment only describes the explanation that reaction plate is moved down, but in other embodiments, also may be used
To need control reaction plate to be moved upward according to experiment, now, under the above constitution, it is only necessary to adjust sliding power device
Installation site.
After the completion of vertical side friction experiment, by radial direction power set 21 reaction plate 22 can be controlled to return to original position.
Vertical static load lotus experiment is carried out again, and process is as follows：
It is that vertical static load lotus device 32 provides pressure using Vertical Dynamic device 31, makes vertical static load lotus device 32 to bottom hole
Vertically it is further applied load step by step, untill Rock And Soil is destroyed, related data is obtained by corresponding test device, obtains vertical
Force-displacement curve, so as to obtain the parameters such as ratio limits intensity, plastic strength, the ultimate strength of bottom hole Rock And Soil.
The present invention installs multiple test devices by a frame 10, and the side of current rock-soil layer can be completed under a hole
To static load test, the experiment of vertical side friction and the experiment of vertical static load lotus.And respectively experiment can be in any depth, various rocks
Tested under the soil body, the hole of various moisture content, obtain the multinomial intensity index of Rock And Soil, fully met field experiment items and refer to
Mark is required.Realize original position accurately and rapidly to test Rock And Soil, solve current rock mass in-situ test and lack easy to use, survey
The problem of measuring result accurate measuring apparatus, can be widely used for the Rock And Soil strength test of big ground industry.
As shown in Fig. 2 in an embodiment of the invention, the carriage 24 can be that to be enclosed on fixing pipe 11 cylindrical
The sleeve 241 in week, radial direction power set 21 are fixed on sleeve 241；It is sliding between the inside of sleeve 241 and the outer surface of fixing pipe 11
Dynamic connection, can set the corresponding circular-rotation of limiting boot 241 in the inner surface of sleeve 241 or the outer surface of fixing pipe 11
Stopping means, such as neck, card article structure.Radial direction power set 21 can be directly anchored on the external peripheral surface of sleeve 241, this
Sample can make whole lateral dead load device with sleeve synchronizing moving.
In other embodiments, the carriage 24 can also include the slide rail for being vertically fixed on fixed tube outer surface
(not shown), and the sliding block that can be stuck in slide rail set on radial direction power set 21.Radial direction power set 21 can
It after directly using sliding block insertion slide rail, can only move axially, and can not radially depart from and circumference movement between fixing pipe 11.
In an embodiment of the invention, reaction plate 22 is installed for activity in being radially provided with for fixing pipe 11
Fixed mount 13, fixed mount 13 is fixedly mounted around fixing pipe 11, is respectively arranged with vertically in the top and bottom of fixed mount 13
In the slide rail of fixing pipe 11, reaction plate 22 is stuck on slide rail by being arranged on the sliding block at upper and lower ends.When radial direction power set
During 21 promotion reaction plate 22, reaction plate 22 can be passed in and out under the cooperation of sliding block and slide rail in fixed mount 13.Sliding block and slide rail
The rotation of reaction plate 22 in a circumferential direction can be limited, while the moving direction diametrically of reaction plate 22 and position can be limited
Move distance.Fixed mount 13 can be divided into the installing frame of respective numbers according to the quantity of reaction plate 22.In the reality using sleeve 241
Apply in mode, fixed mount 13 can be fixed on the outer surface of sleeve 241.
In an embodiment of the invention, the radial direction power set 21 can include the made using flexible material
One air bag 211, and the first source of the gas being connected by pipeline with the first air bag 211.First air bag 211 passes through internal gas replenishment process
Reaction plate 22 is promoted to move or its offside wall is pressed.First source of the gas can be fixed in frame 10, pass through test cell
The course of work is controlled, can also set on the ground, be then connected by pipeline with the first air bag 211.First air bag 211 can be with
It is movably arranged between reaction plate 22 and fixing pipe 11, installing space is limited by fixed mount 13；Can also respectively with reaction plate 22
And/or fixing pipe 11 is fixed.First air bag 211 can set multiple and quantity corresponding with the quantity of reaction plate 22 and position.
In embodiment using sleeve 241, the first air bag 211 can be fixed on the outer surface of sleeve 241.
In other embodiments, the sliding power device 23 can include the second gas for being arranged on the top of fixed mount 13
Capsule 231, and for the second air bag 231 supply the second source of the gas, the second air bag 231 respectively with frame 10 and radial direction power set 21/
Carriage 24 is connected.Second air bag 231 is arranged on the top of carriage 24, utilizes reaction when inflating with frame 10
Power, can promote whole vertical side friction device to be moved axially with fixing pipe 11.In addition, the second air bag 231 can be with
The fixed mount 13 or fixing pipe 11 of vertical side friction device are connected, with can be by vertical side frictional resistance after the deflation of the second air bag 231
Power apparatus retracts original position.
As shown in figure 3, in an embodiment of the invention there is provided a kind of vertical static load lotus device, including housing 1,
Push rod 3, guide rod 4, contiguous block 5, pressure pin 7 and support bar 8.Housing 1 is enclosed on outside fixing pipe.Push rod 3 is removable and rotatably covers
It is located in fixing pipe, external screw thread is offered on push rod, displacement transducer 9 and pressure sensor 10 is installed on push rod.Lead
Bar 4 has eight, is distributed in housing 1, and can be moved along the length direction of housing 1, and one end of guide rod 4 is provided with centering block 2, eight
Individual centering block 8 is just combined into a disk (following), and be adapted with the external screw thread of push rod 3 outer is formed with the outer surface of guide rod 4
Screw thread.The Moveable-jacket of contiguous block 5 is located in fixing pipe.Pressure pin 7 has eight, and one end is hingedly mounted on contiguous block 5.Support bar 8
There are eight, correspond set with pressure pin 7 respectively, one end of support bar 8 is hinged with the other end of pressure pin 7 to be connected, support bar 8
The other end be hingedly connected on push rod 3.
Vertical Dynamic device includes the 3rd air bag, and the 3rd source of the gas supplied for the 3rd air bag.
As shown in figure 4, during work, promoting push rod 3 to move and rotate in fixing pipe 2 by the 3rd air bag, driving is led
Bar 4 rotates and mobile, so that the rotation of centering block 2 is to the position of expansion, eight centering blocks 2 can just be spliced into as shown in Figure 5
Discoid, now the disk formed by centering block 2 is opened and held to pressure pin 7.Pressure sensor 10 and the automatic data collection of displacement transducer 9
Data are simultaneously stored, and shear the soil body upwards, measure power-deformation (stress-strain) curve, cohesive strength, internal friction angle of the soil body etc.
Parameter, after the test of soil in-situ staight scissors, pressure pin 7 is reclaimed and the rotation of centering block 2 is retracted, and is progressively applied vertical load and is compressed soil downwards
Body, stress and displacement transducer monitoring earth stress and deformation, and automatic data collection test data and store, measure the ratio of each soil layer
The example limit, plasticity, breakdown strength parameter.Furthermore it is also possible to set video acquisition device in housing 1, it can thus record
The overall process of this experiment.
Present embodiment is rotated and mobile using the drive leader 4 of push rod 3, centering block 2 is rotated to expansion and is formed discoid, is held in the palm
The disk of bar support centering block formation, it is possible to obtain soil body cohesive strength, internal friction angle standard value, pressure-change using shearing experiment
Shape curve, soil body proportional limit, yield limit and strength degree are obtained using static load test, and test instrument test is accurate, operation
Flexibly, reliable results.It is placed in addition, can pack up centering block 2 by push rod 3 in housing 1, in order to transfer to the predetermined soil body
Position is tested.
In an embodiment of the invention, visual device (not shown) be able to can be installed in frame 10,
The visual device can be that the class of video camera, camera etc. one can obtain the image acquiring device of removably dell information in real time.Can
View apparatus can be connected by cable and the data host on ground, so that controllers can be according to the image control obtained in real time
The step of each experiment, and Real Time Observation experiment effect.Visual device may be mounted at multiple places, can such as observe lateral experiment
Position, can observe at the position of triaxial compression test.
Although employing the limiting mode of multiple sources of the gas in the respective embodiments described above, in actual use, it can pass through
One source of the gas is that each air bag is inflated, and corresponding magnetic valve is installed at each air bag, it is only necessary to starting corresponding air bag
When, pressure can be provided for corresponding equipment by opening the magnetic valve of corresponding air bag.
So far, although those skilled in the art will appreciate that detailed herein have shown and described multiple showing for the present invention
Example property embodiment, still, still can be direct according to present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention
It is determined that or deriving many other variations or modifications for meeting the principle of the invention.Therefore, the scope of the present invention is understood that and recognized
It is set to and covers other all these variations or modifications.
Claims (10)
1. in-situ three-dimensional dead load-vertical side friction test device under ground body opening, including frame, it is characterised in that：Institute
State and be provided with frame：
Lateral experiment portion, installed in the top of the frame, including the fixing pipe being fixed in the frame axis, can radially it move
The reaction plate of the multiple arcs of the fixing pipe circumference is arranged on dynamicly, for the power dress for driving the reaction plate to move radially
Put, and be fixed in the fixing pipe that the radial direction power set are installed and the carriage vertically moved is realized, and drive
Move the sliding power device that the radial direction power set are vertically moved on the carriage；
Vertical experiment portion, is fixed on the bottom of the frame, including applies the Vertical Dynamic device of vertical power, and bottom hole is entered
The vertical static load lotus device of row pressure；
Test cell, the measurement data in the lateral experiment portion and the vertical experiment portion is obtained by measuring cell, and is passed through
Cable is delivered to the data host positioned at ground.
2. in-situ three-dimensional dead load-vertical side friction test device under hole according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The carriage is the sleeve for being enclosed on the fixing pipe excircle, and the fixing pipe can realize and move radially relatively,
The radial direction power set are fixed on the sleeve.
3. in-situ three-dimensional dead load-vertical side friction test device, its feature under ground body opening according to claim 2
It is,
The excircle of the sleeve is provided with the top and bottom of fixed mount, the fixed mount and is respectively arranged with perpendicular to the set
The slide rail of cylinder, the reaction plate is stuck on the slide rail by the sliding block being arranged at upper and lower ends；
The radial direction power set are the first air bag that flexible material makes, and the be connected by pipeline with first air bag
One source of the gas, first air bag is fixed with the reaction plate and the sleeve respectively.
4. in-situ three-dimensional dead load-vertical side friction test device, its feature under ground body opening according to claim 1
It is,
The carriage is the slide rail for being vertically fixed on the fixed tube outer surface, the radial direction power set by sliding block with
The slide rail is slidably connected.
5. in-situ three-dimensional dead load-vertical side friction test device under ground body opening lower opening according to claim 4, its
It is characterised by,
The excircle of the fixing pipe is provided with the top and bottom of fixed mount, the fixed mount and is respectively arranged with perpendicular to described
The slide rail of fixing pipe, the reaction plate is stuck on the slide rail by the sliding block being arranged at upper and lower ends；
The radial direction power set are the first air bag that flexible material makes, and the be connected by pipeline with first air bag
One source of the gas, first air bag is fixed with the reaction plate and the fixing pipe respectively.
6. in-situ three-dimensional dead load-vertical side friction test device, its feature under ground body opening according to claim 1
It is,
The sliding power device includes being arranged on the second air bag above the radial direction power set, and is second air bag
Second source of the gas of supply, second air bag is connected with the frame and radial direction power set respectively.
7. in-situ three-dimensional dead load-vertical side friction test device, its feature under ground body opening according to claim 1
It is,
Visual device is installed in the frame, the visual device is video camera or camera.
8. in-situ three-dimensional dead load-vertical side friction test device, its feature under ground body opening according to claim 1
It is,
The vertical static load lotus device includes：
Housing, is enclosed on the excircle of the fixing pipe；
Push rod, may move and be rotatably set in the fixing pipe, external screw thread is offered on the push rod, and be provided with
Displacement transducer and pressure sensor；
Guide rod, is provided with eight and is distributed in the housing, and can be moved along the length direction of the housing, in the guide rod
One end be provided with centering block, the external screw thread being adapted with the external screw thread of the push rod is formed with the outer surface of the guide rod；
Contiguous block, is movably set in the fixing pipe；
Pushing block, is arranged on one end of the fixing pipe；
Pressure pin, is provided with eight and one end is hingedly mounted on the contiguous block；
Support bar, is provided with eight and corresponds setting, one end of the support bar and the pressure pin with the pressure pin respectively
The other end be articulated and connected, the other end of support bar is hingedly connected on the pushing block.
9. in-situ three-dimensional dead load-vertical side friction test device, its feature under ground body opening according to claim 1
It is, the computational methods for calculating vertical side friction are as follows：
According to vertical force and displacement curve, material coefficient β vertical side friction q may be accountedsvValue：
Wherein, pvFor vertical force net value, A is active area.
10. in-situ three-dimensional dead load-vertical side friction test device under ground body opening according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, the method for calculating dead load is as follows：
The deformation modulus of soil should be according to the straightways of p-s curves, by the elastic theory of homogeneous isotropism semo-infinite elastic fluid
Calculate, the deformation modulus E of static load test under holec(MPa), it can be calculated as follows：
Wherein, p is the pressure (kpa) of p-s curve linears section, scFor displacement (mm) corresponding with p, ωcFor with testing depth and soil
The relevant coefficient of class.
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| CN201710410731.7A CN107036895A (en) | 2017-06-04 | 2017-06-04 | The vertical side friction test device of in-situ three-dimensional dead load under ground body opening |
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| CN201710410731.7A CN107036895A (en) | 2017-06-04 | 2017-06-04 | The vertical side friction test device of in-situ three-dimensional dead load under ground body opening |
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