CN109396434A - A method of titanium alloy component is prepared based on selective laser melting process - Google Patents
A method of titanium alloy component is prepared based on selective laser melting process Download PDFInfo
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/68—Cleaning or washing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B22F10/34—Process control of powder characteristics, e.g. density, oxidation or flowability
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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Abstract
The invention belongs to laser gain material manufacturing technology fields, are related to a kind of method for preparing titanium alloy component based on selective laser melting process, preparation method is: the spherical titanium alloy powder for selecting good fluidity is raw material；The part model prepared needed for being constructed using three-dimensional software imports selective laser melting (SLM) molding equipment after model is carried out two dimension slicing；Set suitable laser processing technology parameter, process carries out under argon atmosphere, carries out wire cutting after processing is completed, cleans, sandblasting to obtain the final product.Compared with prior art, the method provided by the invention for preparing titanium alloy component, by continuing to optimize laser processing technology parameter, so that titanium alloy component consistency obtained is high, comprehensive mechanical performance is strong.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser gain material manufacturing fields, prepare titanium based on selective laser melting process more particularly, to one kind and close
The method of metal parts.
Background technique
3D printing technique breaches the machining of traditional manufacturing technology or material is forced to the thinking of Forming Theory, using new
The increasing material of type shapes thinking, is from bottom to top successively accumulated by the method for discrete dynamics models, is without traditional mold and machining
The forming of material can be achieved.Relative to traditional machining process, 3D printing technique mainly has the advantage that (1) shaped
Journey is more flexible, and without the support of frock clamp or mold, especially suitable for the product of shaped structure complexity, it is special to can satisfy
The small lot production and personalized customization requirement of product；(2) " the net forming " or " near-net-shape " that can be realized material, improves
The utilization rate of material；(3) 3D printing technique forming efficiency is high, with short production cycle, significantly reduces production cost, and shaped
Journey is easy to implement information control；(4) since laser heat source energy density is high, the product of 3D printing forming experienced fast fast thawing
Change/process of setting, nonequilibrium freezing feature promote the optimization of part performance, and then form better than tradition forging, casting
Fine uniform, excellent comprehensive mechanical property the rapid solidification structure of equal process formings part；(5) scope of application of rapidoprint
Extensively, the unmanageable refractory metal of some traditional diamond-making techniques, alloy and ceramic material etc. can also pass through the process forming.
Precinct laser fusion (Selective Laser Melting, SLM) technology is as a kind of typical 3D printing work
Skill is developed on the basis of precinct laser sintering technology, this technique realizes the complete densification of molded part simultaneously
Further improve its comprehensive mechanical property.Selective laser melting process is completely melt mechanism using powder, is closed by selection
The laser technical parameters of reason, make newly to lay layer metal powder granulates and are completely melt, sedimentary part is melted, thus realize layer with
Good metallurgical bonding between layer.Currently, the technology has been used for forming nickel base superalloy, titanium alloy, mould steel, stainless steel etc.
Various metals.
As the titanium alloy of one of Aeronautics and Astronautics field primary structural material, since low with density, specific strength is high, resistance to
Corrosive nature is good, thermal conductivity is low, nontoxic no magnetic, the series of advantages such as solderable, currently, titanium alloy 3D printing technique has become function
The straight forming of miniature precision component and aviation complex large-scale component in airspace engine.Early in 1997, the U.S.
Sandia National Laboratory just proposes the idea using laser gain material manufacture forming titanium alloy component, and uses Laser Melting Deposition
Technology has prepared first Ti6Al4V titanium alloy engine blade.2012, the research of increases material manufacturing technology, using acquirement
Several major progresses.As NASA using selective laser fusion technology manufacture metal parts, and plan the technology is used to manufacture
J-2X engine part.Sciakv company, the U.S. is in terms of large titanium alloy component electron beam increases material manufacturing technology and equipment research
In first place in the world.China also makes great progress in terms of titanium alloy 3D printing technique research in recent years, but titanium
Complicated chemical reaction has occurred in alloy part in process, in molten bath, and the heat source of input becomes forming quality and momentum
Change has significant impact, such as powder raw material (granularity, mobility, sphericity) and laser parameter (laser power, scanning speed
Degree, sweep span etc.) there is great influence to formation of parts.Therefore, powder body material rapid melting solidification inevitably causes
The tissue defects such as stomata, crackle and residual stress inside molded part, and then influence the comprehensive mechanical performance of drip molding and make
Stability and reliability therefore, the titanium alloy component organized and had excellent performance in order to obtain, to powder raw material and laser
The control of parameter is particularly important.
Summary of the invention
The defects of for stomata, crackle present in prior art titanium alloy component forming process, the present invention provides one kind
The method for preparing titanium alloy component based on selective laser melting process.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A method of titanium alloy component is prepared based on selective laser melting process, comprising the following steps:
1) the spherical titanium alloy powder of good fluidity is selected to make raw material；
2) part model prepared needed for being constructed using three-dimensional software imports precinct laser after model is carried out two dimension slicing
It is melted and molded equipment；
3) working process parameter of precinct laser fusion process is set, and is laser machined；
4) part after the completion of printing is subjected to wire cutting, cleaning, sandblasting is up to titanium alloy component.
In an embodiment of the invention, the titanium alloy is Ti6Al4V.
Precinct laser fusion forming Ti6Al4V powdered ingredients are as follows: Al:5.5-6.75%, V:3.5%~4.5%, Fe:
≤ 0.3%, C :≤0.08%, N :≤0.05%, H :≤0.012%, O :≤0.13%, Ti: surplus.
In an embodiment of the invention, in step 1), precinct laser fusion forming Ti6Al4V powder size model
It encloses based on 15~53 μm, powder weight accounting 3%~5% of the granularity less than 15 μm, powder weight of the granularity greater than 53 μm accounts for
Than being no more than 12%.
Powder of the partial size less than 15 μm is the main reason for causing powder flowbility low, and preparation is suitable for precinct laser fusion
With Ti6Al4V powder, ratio shared by powder of the partial size less than 15 μm is reduced by air current classifying, it is contemplated that fine grained
Specific Surface Area Measurement is big, and sintering driving force is big, is conducive to laser sintered progress, while fine grained is filled into the gap of bulky grain
In, the gap of molded part can be reduced, the consistency and intensity of molded part are improved, therefore, a part of particulate powders need to be retained.Grain
Diameter greater than 53 μm of powder be cause selective laser melting (SLM) molding part rough surface, formed precision is poor the main reason for, therefore, need
Control the content of powder that partial size is greater than 53 μm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, precinct laser fusion forming with Ti6Al4V powder flowbility≤
45s。
Powder flowbility is to influence the key factor of selective laser melting (SLM) molding part quality, and powdering mobility is poor, causes
The powdering thickness of some regions is uneven, and more splashing can be generated when laser sintered, and easy cracked, unmelted powder in molded part
The defects of last.
Preferably, precinct laser fusion forming Ti6Al4V apparent density of powder is 2.2~2.5g/cm3。
In an embodiment of the invention, in step 2), model needed for being constructed using three-dimensional software, and saved
For STL format.
In an embodiment of the invention, in step 2), the file of STL format is cut using Slice Software
Piece, slice thickness are 0.01~0.02mm.
In an embodiment of the invention, in step 3), metal powder powdering is set with a thickness of 20~40 μm, laser
70~100 μm of spot diameter, 150~300W of laser power, 800~1500mm/s of laser scan rate, laser scanning pitch 90
~130 μm.
Precinct laser fusion process is the process of laser high energy heat source Yu metal material powder snap action, is quickly heated
So that powder body material generates rapid melting and solidification in a short time, this can make between material shaping area and molded area for cooling
It will lead to part if the laser processing parameter selection of part is improper at biggish thermal stress and face crack occur, once it is macroscopical
Crackle generate, part can practicability will be extremely limited.Therefore it during the selective laser melting (SLM) molding of part, needs
It is stringent to choose laser processing technology parameter, obtain the molded part that defect is few, comprehensive mechanical performance is high.
In an embodiment of the invention, argon gas is passed through into forming cavity in step 3), in process to protect
Gas guarantees that oxygen content is no more than 0.1% in forming cavity.
In an embodiment of the invention, in step 3), basal plate preheating temperature setting is 20~50 DEG C.
In an embodiment of the invention, in step 4), the wire cutting uses to-and-fro thread feed electric spark wire cutting
Lathe, to be lower than the speed wire of 10mm/s.
In an embodiment of the invention, in step 4), it is described cleaning be ultrasonic cleaning, use cleansing medium for
Organic solvent and dehydrated alcohol, scavenging period are not less than 0.5 hour.
In an embodiment of the invention, in step 4), the used sand type of sandblasting is emergy, granularity
For 0.5~1mm, the duration is 5~12min.
Preferably, the precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment is the EOS M290 equipment of Germany.
Compared with prior art, a kind of side preparing titanium alloy component based on selective laser melting process provided by the invention
Method, using precinct laser fusion special titanium alloy powder as raw material, by optimizing metal precinct laser fusion processing technology
Parameter can make formed precision reach ± 0.05mm, and for surface roughness Ra less than 7.5 μm, consistency is not less than 98%, as a result, may be used
Obtain dense structure, the titanium alloy component that defect is few, comprehensive mechanical performance is high；Pass through subsequent wire cutting, cleaning, sandblasting etc.
Reason, can make surface roughness Ra less than 4.5 μm, obtain the good titanium alloy component of surface quality.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the titanium alloy component pictorial diagram of precinct laser fusion forming in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the microstructure figure in embodiment 1 before and after the corrosion of precinct laser fusion forming blocks part.
Fig. 3 is the fracture apperance figure of precinct laser fusion form drawing part in embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is the titanium alloy component pictorial diagram of precinct laser fusion forming in embodiment 2.
Fig. 5 is the stretching fracture shape appearance figure of precinct laser fusion formation of parts in embodiment 2.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1:
A method of titanium alloy component is prepared based on selective laser melting process, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: choosing Ti6Al4V powder is precinct laser fusion forming raw material, wherein powder of the granularity less than 15 μm
Last weight accounting 3%~5%, powder weight accounting of the granularity greater than 53 μm are no more than 10%, remaining particle size range is 15~53 μ
Between m；Mobility≤45s, 2.2~2.5g/cm3 of apparent density；Ti6Al4V powdered ingredients are as follows: Al:5.5-6.75%, V:
3.5%~4.5%, Fe :≤0.3%, C :≤0.08%, N :≤0.05%, H :≤0.012%, O :≤0.13%, Ti: surplus.
Step 2: using three-dimensional software building block and drawing sheet model, and it is saved as STL format；Use slice
The file of STL format is sliced by software, slice thickness 0.01mm.
Step 3: precinct laser fusion forming is carried out using Germany's EOS M290 equipment, processing starts preceding first to base
Plate is preheated, and basal plate preheating temperature setting is 35 DEG C.Then it is passed through argon gas into forming cavity and does protective gas, guarantees forming cavity
Interior oxygen content is not higher than 0.1%.30 μm of metal powder powdering thickness is set, 70 μm of laser spot diameter, laser power 300W, is swashed
Optical scanning rate 1200mm/s, 110 μm of laser scanning pitch.
Step 4: part uses to-and-fro thread feed electric spark wire-electrode cutting machine to carry out wire cutting after processing is completed；Then it will cut
Part after the completion of cutting carries out ultrasonic cleaning, uses cleansing medium for No. 120 solvent naphthas and dehydrated alcohol, scavenging period 1
Hour；Part after the completion of cutting is subjected to sandblasting, the used sand type of sandblasting is emergy, granularity 0.5mm, when continuing
Between be 10min.
Fig. 1 is the titanium alloy component of precinct laser fusion forming in embodiment 1, and Fig. 2 is precinct laser fusion in embodiment 1
Microstructure figure before and after the corrosion of forming blocks part.Fig. 3 is precinct laser fusion form drawing part in embodiment 1
Fracture apperance figure.
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, it is known that titanium alloy component formed precision obtained by the present embodiment reaches ± 0.05mm, and surface is thick
For rugosity Ra less than 4.5 μm, consistency is not less than 98%.
Embodiment 2:
A method of titanium alloy component is prepared based on selective laser melting process, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: choosing the pure Ti powder of technique is precinct laser fusion forming raw material, and wherein granularity is less than 15 μm
Powder weight accounting 4%~5%, granularity greater than 53 μm powder weight accounting be no more than 12%, remaining particle size range be 15~
Between 53 μm；Mobility≤45s, 2.5~2.9g/cm3 of apparent density；Ti6Al4V powdered ingredients are as follows: Al:5.5-6.75%, V:
3.5%~4.5%, Fe :≤0.3%, C :≤0.08%, N :≤0.05%, H :≤0.012%, O :≤0.13%, Ti: surplus.
Step 2: using three-dimensional software building block and drawing sheet model, and it is saved as STL format；Use slice
The file of STL format is sliced by software, slice thickness 0.01mm.
Step 3: precinct laser fusion forming is carried out using Germany's EOS M290 equipment, processing starts preceding first to base
Plate is preheated, and basal plate preheating temperature setting is 40 DEG C.Then it is passed through argon gas into forming cavity and does protective gas, guarantees forming cavity
Interior oxygen content is not higher than 0.1%.30 μm of metal powder powdering thickness is set, 70 μm of laser spot diameter, laser power 250W, is swashed
Optical scanning rate 1400mm/s, 130 μm of laser scanning pitch.
Step 4: part uses to-and-fro thread feed electric spark wire-electrode cutting machine to carry out wire cutting after processing is completed；Then it will cut
Part after the completion of cutting carries out ultrasonic cleaning, and the cleansing medium used is for No. 120 solvent naphthas and dehydrated alcohol, scavenging period
1 hour；Part after the completion of cutting is subjected to sandblasting, the used sand type of sandblasting is emergy, and granularity 0.5mm continues
Time is 12min.
Fig. 4 is the titanium alloy component pictorial diagram of precinct laser fusion forming in embodiment 2.Fig. 5 is that constituency is swashed in embodiment 2
The stretching fracture shape appearance figure of light fusing formation of parts.
With reference to Fig. 4, Fig. 5, it is known that titanium alloy component formed precision obtained by the present embodiment reaches ± 0.05mm, surface roughness
For Ra less than 4.5 μm, consistency is not less than 98%.
The above description of the embodiments is intended to facilitate ordinary skill in the art to understand and use the invention.
Person skilled in the art obviously easily can make various modifications to these embodiments, and described herein general
Principle is applied in other embodiments without having to go through creative labor.Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, ability
Field technique personnel announcement according to the present invention, improvement and modification made without departing from the scope of the present invention all should be of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for preparing titanium alloy component based on selective laser melting process, which comprises the following steps:
1) spherical titanium alloy powder is selected to make raw material；
2) part model prepared needed for building imports selective laser melting (SLM) molding equipment after model is carried out two dimension slicing；
3) working process parameter of precinct laser fusion process is set, and is laser machined；
4) part after the completion of printing is subjected to wire cutting, cleaning, sandblasting is up to titanium alloy component.
2. a kind of method for preparing titanium alloy component based on selective laser melting process according to claim 1, feature
It is, in step 1), in the spherical shape titanium alloy powder, powder weight accounting 3%~5% of the granularity less than 15 μm, granularity is big
It is no more than 12% in 53 μm of powder weight accountings.
3. a kind of method for preparing titanium alloy component based on selective laser melting process according to claim 1, feature
It is, in step 1), described spherical shape titanium alloy powder mobility≤45s, the titanium alloy powder apparent density is 2.2~
2.5g/cm3。
4. a kind of method for preparing titanium alloy component based on selective laser melting process according to claim 1, feature
It is, in step 2), model needed for being constructed using three-dimensional software and is saved as STL format, using Slice Software by STL
The file of format is sliced, and slice thickness is 0.01~0.02mm.
5. a kind of method for preparing titanium alloy component based on selective laser melting process according to claim 1, feature
It is, in step 3), sets metal powder powdering with a thickness of 20~40 μm, 70~100 μm of laser spot diameter, laser power
150~300W, 800~1500mm/s of laser scan rate, 90~130 μm of laser scanning pitch.
6. a kind of method for preparing titanium alloy component based on selective laser melting process according to claim 1, feature
It is, in step 3), is passed through protective gas in process into forming cavity, so that oxygen content is no more than 0.1% in forming cavity.
7. a kind of method for preparing titanium alloy component based on selective laser melting process according to claim 1, feature
It is, in step 3), basal plate preheating temperature setting is 20~50 DEG C.
8. a kind of method for preparing titanium alloy component based on selective laser melting process according to claim 1, feature
It is, in step 4), the wire cutting uses to-and-fro thread feed electric spark wire-electrode cutting machine, to be lower than the speed wire of 10mm/s.
9. a kind of method for preparing titanium alloy component based on selective laser melting process according to claim 1, feature
It is, in step 4), the cleaning is ultrasonic cleaning, uses cleansing medium for organic solvent and dehydrated alcohol, scavenging period
Not less than 0.5 hour.
10. a kind of method for preparing titanium alloy component based on selective laser melting process according to claim 1, feature
Be, in step 4), the used sand type of sandblasting be emergy, granularity be 0.5~1mm, the duration be 5~
12min。
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| CN109746567A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-05-14 | 四川大学 | Improve the stirring friction treatment method of selective laser melting Ti6Al4V bulk ductility |
| CN110681863A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-01-14 | 飞而康快速制造科技有限责任公司 | Titanium alloy part with uniform transverse and longitudinal properties and preparation method thereof |
| CN110834095A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-02-25 | 青岛科技大学 | Method for selective laser melting forming of compact-loose integrated die part |
| CN110976859A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-04-10 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Method for removing surface roughness of additive cylindrical titanium alloy part |
| CN111004942A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-04-14 | 西安理工大学 | TiBw/Ti composite material with nano-network-like structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN111036907A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-21 | 航天海鹰(哈尔滨)钛业有限公司 | Method for preparing TA32 titanium alloy part based on selective laser melting forming technology |
| CN112207278A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2021-01-12 | 南京航空航天大学 | Selective laser melting additive manufacturing and discharge combined machining method for aluminum alloy gear |
| CN111455216B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-07-23 | 长安大学 | TC 4-like titanium alloy for laser additive manufacturing application |
| CN115740500A (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-03-07 | 上海祉元社企业管理合伙企业(有限合伙) | Method for manufacturing high-strength titanium alloy containing easily segregated elements through 3D printing |
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| CN109746567A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-05-14 | 四川大学 | Improve the stirring friction treatment method of selective laser melting Ti6Al4V bulk ductility |
| CN110681863A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-01-14 | 飞而康快速制造科技有限责任公司 | Titanium alloy part with uniform transverse and longitudinal properties and preparation method thereof |
| CN110681863B (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2022-04-15 | 飞而康快速制造科技有限责任公司 | Titanium alloy part with uniform transverse and longitudinal properties and preparation method thereof |
| CN110976859A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-04-10 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Method for removing surface roughness of additive cylindrical titanium alloy part |
| CN110834095A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-02-25 | 青岛科技大学 | Method for selective laser melting forming of compact-loose integrated die part |
| CN110834095B (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2022-02-08 | 青岛科技大学 | Method for selective laser melting forming of compact-loose integrated die part |
| CN111004942A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-04-14 | 西安理工大学 | TiBw/Ti composite material with nano-network-like structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN111036907A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-21 | 航天海鹰(哈尔滨)钛业有限公司 | Method for preparing TA32 titanium alloy part based on selective laser melting forming technology |
| CN111455216B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-07-23 | 长安大学 | TC 4-like titanium alloy for laser additive manufacturing application |
| CN112207278A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2021-01-12 | 南京航空航天大学 | Selective laser melting additive manufacturing and discharge combined machining method for aluminum alloy gear |
| CN115740500A (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-03-07 | 上海祉元社企业管理合伙企业(有限合伙) | Method for manufacturing high-strength titanium alloy containing easily segregated elements through 3D printing |
| CN115740500B (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-10-24 | 上海祉元社企业管理合伙企业(有限合伙) | Method for manufacturing high-strength titanium alloy containing easily segregated elements through 3D printing |
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