CN109550952B - Method for metal 3D printing of parts based on customized supporting structure - Google Patents
Method for metal 3D printing of parts based on customized supporting structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN109550952B CN109550952B CN201811455997.4A CN201811455997A CN109550952B CN 109550952 B CN109550952 B CN 109550952B CN 201811455997 A CN201811455997 A CN 201811455997A CN 109550952 B CN109550952 B CN 109550952B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/40—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards
- B22F10/47—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards characterised by structural features
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
- B22F12/63—Rollers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal 3D printing, and particularly relates to a method for metal 3D printing parts based on a customized support structure, which comprises the steps of establishing a three-dimensional model of a target part and a three-dimensional model of an auxiliary support structure by using computer three-dimensional software, processing by slicing software to obtain slicing information, and introducing the slicing information into a metal 3D printer; firstly, printing an auxiliary supporting structure by using shape memory alloy; after the auxiliary supporting structure is printed, continuously printing the target part by using the part material on the basis; and after the target part is printed, cutting the target part from the auxiliary supporting structure. The customized support stress eliminating method provided by the invention can effectively eliminate stress, eliminate defects such as micro cracks and the like and improve warping deformation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal 3D printing, and particularly relates to a method for metal 3D printing parts based on a customized supporting structure.
Background
In recent years, metal 3D printing research has gained more and more attention, and the metal 3D printing means that metal powder is directly melted by using a high-energy laser beam with a spot diameter within 100 μm, and metal parts with dense structures are finally formed by selective melting and stacking of layers. Compared with the traditional 'material reduction forming' method, the method has high flexibility and process adaptability, the metal 3D printing method can be used for manufacturing various parts with special shapes, hollows and dot matrix structures, which cannot be prepared by the traditional method, greatly shortening the development period of new products, saving more manpower, financial resources and time, and has the obvious advantages of low manufacturing cost, short development period, high production efficiency and the like.
However, the currently researched metal 3D printing technology has a significant disadvantage that most of metal 3D printed parts have far weak mechanical properties and are corresponding forgings, which is also determined by the forming characteristics of the parts stacked layer by layer. The metal 3D printing process is a process where a laser beam melts powder, phase changes and solidifies metallurgical bonds. In the forming process, the powder is melted in a very short time, the temperature gradient is large, and a large thermal stress is generated. Residual tensile stress exists in the middle of the printing workpiece, and residual compressive stress exists at two ends of the printing workpiece. Thermal and residual stresses can cause warping of the printed workpiece and can cause unpredictable defects in the printing process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for 3D printing of metal parts based on a customized support structure.
According to the invention, before the target workpiece is printed on the metal 3D, a net-shaped, hollow-out-shaped or other patterning structure made of NiTi (shape memory alloy) material is printed as an auxiliary supporting structure to eliminate residual stress and improve warping deformation.
The invention is realized in such a way that: the invention provides a method for metal 3D printing parts based on a customized support structure, which comprises the following steps:
1) designing a structure of an auxiliary support for supporting the target part according to the structure of the target part;
2) establishing a three-dimensional model of a target part and a three-dimensional model of an auxiliary supporting structure by using computer three-dimensional software, processing by slicing software to obtain slicing information, and importing the slicing information into a metal 3D printer;
3) firstly, printing an auxiliary supporting structure by using shape memory alloy;
4) after the auxiliary supporting structure is printed, continuously printing the target part by using the part material on the basis; and just because of having the auxiliary stay, the shop powder process can not appear collapsing.
5) And after the target part is printed, separating the target part from the auxiliary supporting structure in a cutting mode to obtain the target part.
And 5) cutting the target part from the auxiliary supporting structure by adopting wire electrical discharge machining, machining cutting or manual cutting. More precise separation can be achieved with appropriate clamps. Basically, wire cut electrical discharge machining is used, so that on one hand, a workpiece is not damaged, and on the other hand, the forming rate of the workpiece is ensured.
Further, the height of the auxiliary support structure is greater than or equal to the height of the target part. If the height of the auxiliary support is too small, the stress cannot be released well.
Further, the auxiliary supporting structure is provided with heat dissipation holes.
Further, the heat dissipation holes extend along the longitudinal direction of the auxiliary support structure and penetrate through the auxiliary support structure. The shape of the heat dissipation hole may be various shapes.
Further, the auxiliary support structure is net-shaped. The metal 3D printing process can appear heat and concentrate, and this can lead to the molten bath too big, adopts netted, fretwork form advantage can in time conduct the base plate with the heat, reduces thermal deformation.
Further, the specific steps of printing the auxiliary support structure using the shape memory alloy include:
31) controlling a powder paving roller to pave a layer of shape memory alloy powder layer on the substrate, starting a laser, and adjusting laser power;
32) scanning the laser along the slice information, melting the powder, and printing to finish a layer;
33) repeating the steps 31) -32) until the printing of the auxiliary support structure is completed.
Further, the specific steps of continuing to print the target part using the part material include:
41) controlling a powder paving roller to pave a layer of part material metal powder layer on a substrate, starting a laser, and adjusting laser power;
42) scanning the laser along the slice information, melting the powder, and printing to finish a layer;
43) and repeating the steps 41) to 42) until the whole part is printed.
The support structure is designed based on the characteristics of the printed article, and the customized support structure is printed first to play a role of auxiliary support when printing the target workpiece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method for printing the metal 3D part based on the customized support structure, the shape memory alloy is melted by laser, the shape memory alloy is stacked and formed according to the customized pattern, and the target workpiece is continuously printed on the basis.
The auxiliary supporting structure is provided with heat dissipation holes, and the auxiliary supporting structure adopting a net-shaped, hollow-out or other patterning structure can timely guide heat into the substrate, prevent a printing piece molten pool from collapsing and reduce micro cracks.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for customizing a support structure based metal 3D printed part of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of the present invention after the auxiliary support structure and the target part are both printed;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of the present invention after the auxiliary support structure and the target part are printed.
In the drawings, 1 is a substrate, 2 is a target part, and 3 is an auxiliary support structure.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for metal 3D printing parts based on a customized support structure, including the following steps:
1) designing a structure of an auxiliary support for supporting the target part according to the structure of the target part;
2) establishing a three-dimensional model of a target part and a three-dimensional model of an auxiliary supporting structure by using computer three-dimensional software, processing by slicing software to obtain slicing information, and importing the slicing information into a metal 3D printer;
3) firstly, printing an auxiliary supporting structure by using shape memory alloy; the shape memory alloy has a super-elastic effect, and residual stress can be well eliminated by using the shape memory alloy printing support.
4) After the auxiliary supporting structure is printed, continuously printing the target part by using the part material on the basis;
5) and after the target part is printed, cutting the auxiliary supporting structure to obtain the target part.
And 5) cutting the target part from the auxiliary supporting structure by adopting wire electrical discharge machining, machining cutting or manual cutting. More precise separation can be achieved with appropriate clamps. Basically, wire cut electrical discharge machining is used, so that on one hand, a workpiece is not damaged, and on the other hand, the forming rate of the workpiece is ensured.
Further, the height of the auxiliary support structure is greater than or equal to the height of the target part.
Further, the auxiliary supporting structure is provided with heat dissipation holes.
Further, the heat dissipation holes extend along the longitudinal direction of the auxiliary support structure and penetrate through the auxiliary support structure. The shape of the heat dissipation hole may be various shapes.
Further, the auxiliary support structure is net-shaped. The metal 3D printing process can appear heat and concentrate, and this can lead to the molten bath too big, adopts netted, fretwork form advantage can in time conduct the base plate with the heat, reduces thermal deformation.
Further, the specific steps of printing the auxiliary support structure using the shape memory alloy include: 31) controlling a powder paving roller to pave a layer of shape memory alloy powder layer on the substrate, starting a laser, and adjusting laser power;
32) scanning the laser along the slice information, melting the powder, and printing to finish a layer;
33) repeating the steps 31) -32) until the printing of the auxiliary support structure is completed.
Further, the specific steps of continuing to print the target part using the part material include:
41) controlling a powder paving roller to pave a layer of part material metal powder layer on a substrate, starting a laser, and adjusting laser power;
42) scanning the laser along the slice information, melting the powder, and printing to finish a layer;
43) and repeating the steps 41) to 42) until the whole part is printed.
Example one
1. Designing a CAD three-dimensional model of a part and a CAD three-dimensional model of a customized support by using computer three-dimensional modeling software (such as UG and ProE), processing the CAD three-dimensional model and the CAD three-dimensional model by using slicing software, storing the CAD three-dimensional model and the CAD three-dimensional model as an STL file, and importing the file into a metal 3D printer;
2. starting a laser, controlling a powder spreading roller to spread a NiTi (shape memory alloy) powder layer with the thickness of about 0.1-0.2mm on a substrate, and adjusting laser power (for example, adjusting to 100W-400W);
3. the laser scans along the slice information, and the powder is melted; printing a custom support;
4. repeating the steps 2-3 until the customized support printing is finished;
5. controlling a powder spreading roller to spread a layer of part material metal powder layer with the thickness of 0.05mm on a substrate, starting a laser, and adjusting laser power (such as to 100W-400W);
6. scanning the laser along the slice information, melting the powder, and printing to finish a layer;
7. repeating the steps 5-6 until the whole part is printed;
8. and finally cutting the part from the support.
According to the method for metal 3D printing of the parts based on the customized support structure, the shape memory alloy is melted by the laser, the parts are stacked and molded according to the customized pattern, and the target workpiece is continuously printed on the basis, so that the metal 3D printing residual stress can be released, and the warping deformation of the printed workpiece can be improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. A method for metal 3D printing parts based on a customized support structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) designing a structure of an auxiliary support for supporting the target part according to the structure of the target part;
2) establishing a three-dimensional model of a target part and a three-dimensional model of an auxiliary supporting structure by using computer three-dimensional software, processing by slicing software to obtain slicing information, and importing the slicing information into a metal 3D printer;
3) firstly, the shape memory alloy is used for printing the auxiliary supporting structure, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
31) controlling a powder paving roller to pave a layer of shape memory alloy powder layer on the substrate, starting a laser, and adjusting laser power;
32) scanning the laser along the slice information, melting the powder, and printing to finish a layer;
33) repeating the steps 31) -32) until the printing of the auxiliary support structure is completed;
4) after the auxiliary supporting structure is printed, the target part is continuously printed by using the part material on the basis, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
41) controlling a powder paving roller to pave a layer of part material metal powder layer on a substrate, starting a laser, and adjusting laser power;
42) scanning the laser along the slice information, melting the powder, and printing to finish a layer;
43) repeating the steps 41) to 42) until the whole part is printed;
the customized support structure plays a role in auxiliary support when the target workpiece is printed, so that the metal 3D printing residual stress can be released, and the warping deformation of the printed workpiece can be improved;
5) and after the target part is printed, separating the target part from the auxiliary supporting structure in a cutting mode to obtain the target part.
2. The method for customizing a support structure-based metal 3D printed part of claim 1, wherein: the height of the auxiliary support structure is greater than or equal to the height of the target part.
3. The method for customizing a support structure-based metal 3D printed part of claim 1, wherein: the auxiliary supporting structure is provided with heat dissipation holes.
4. The method for customizing a support structure-based metal 3D printed part of claim 3, wherein: the heat dissipation holes extend along the longitudinal direction of the auxiliary supporting structure and penetrate through the auxiliary supporting structure.
5. The method for customizing a support structure-based metal 3D printed part according to claim 1 or 3, wherein: the auxiliary supporting structure is a net structure.
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| CN109513931B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2021-04-27 | 福州大学 | Control method for additive manufacturing residual thermal stress and induced deformation thereof |
| CN111030340A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-17 | 南京师范大学 | Motor rotor structure based on metal three-dimensional printing, motor rotor, motor and method |
| CN114012108B (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-08-11 | 深圳市华阳新材料科技有限公司 | 3D printing exception handling method |
| CN116689785B (en) * | 2023-08-08 | 2023-10-17 | 西安赛隆增材技术股份有限公司 | Additive manufacturing method for solving warp deformation of suspended surface structure |
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| WO2012079744A3 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2012-08-09 | Mt Aerospace Ag | Arrangement and method for deforming the lamination of semi-finished fibre products |
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| US20170307672A9 (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2017-10-26 | Smart Drilling And Completion, Inc. | Stable grounding system to avoid catastrophic electrical failures in fiber-reinforced composite aircraft |
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| DE102016002623B4 (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2017-09-28 | Premium Aerotec Gmbh | Method and device for producing components with defined dimensions |
| CN106077643B (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2018-06-01 | 西安航天发动机厂 | A kind of integral manufacturing method of S-04 high strength stainless steels or S-08 high strength stainless steel three-dimensional closed impellers |
| CN107471651B (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2019-12-13 | 珠海赛纳打印科技股份有限公司 | support structure, printing method of support structure and printing system |
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| EP0532812A1 (en) * | 1990-07-30 | 1993-03-24 | Cebal S.A. | Method for production of markings or hollow contours on a film or a tubular piece of plastic or metal-plastic and their utilization for the fabrication of a flexible tube |
| WO2012079744A3 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2012-08-09 | Mt Aerospace Ag | Arrangement and method for deforming the lamination of semi-finished fibre products |
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