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CN1093857C - 新的哌嗪和哌啶化合物 - Google Patents

新的哌嗪和哌啶化合物 Download PDF

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CN1093857C
CN1093857C CN98119652A CN98119652A CN1093857C CN 1093857 C CN1093857 C CN 1093857C CN 98119652 A CN98119652 A CN 98119652A CN 98119652 A CN98119652 A CN 98119652A CN 1093857 C CN1093857 C CN 1093857C
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R·W·芬斯特拉
J·A·J·丹·哈托格
C·G·克鲁斯
M·T·M·图普
S·K·龙
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Abstract

本发明涉及一类具有令人感兴趣的药理特性的新的哌嗪和哌啶化合物,即下式(a)的化合物及其盐,其中各取代基具有如说明书中所述的含义。

Description

新的哌嗪和哌啶化合物
本发明涉及一类具有药理特性的新的哌嗪和哌啶化合物。
已发现式(a)的化合物及其盐具有令人感兴趣的药理特性其中-A表示一有5-7个环上原子的杂环基,其中存在1-3个选自O、N和S中的杂原子,-R1是氢或氟,-R2是C1-4-烷基、C1-4-烷氧基或-氧基,而p为0、1或2,-Z是指碳或氮,点线当Z是氮时为单键,而当Z是碳时为单或双键,-R3和R4独立地为氢或C1-4-烷基,-n值为1或2,-R5是相对于亚甲基桥在间位取代有一基团Y的2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基或4-吡啶基,并选择性地取代有(R6)q,-Y是苯基、呋喃基或噻吩基,这些基团可取代有1-3个选自羟基、卤素、CF3、C1-4-烷氧基、C1-4-烷基、氰基、氨基羰基、单-或二-C1-4-烷基氨基羰基基团中的取代基,-R6是卤素、羟基、C1-4-烷氧基或C1-4-烷基,而q为0、1、2或3。
根据本发明优选的化合物是式(a)的化合物及其盐,其中A连同苯基表示一式b、c、d、e、f或g的基团,n为1,R1和(R2)p、R3、R4、R5、(R6)q、Y和Z具有上面所述意义。
尤其优选式(a)化合物及其盐,其中A连同苯基表示一式(c)或(d)的基团,R5具有上面的意义,而Y是苯基,其可被如上所述取代,而其中R2具有上述意义,p=0或1,n为1,R3和R4是氢,R6是羟基、甲氧基或卤素,q为0或1,Z是氮。
特别优选具有式(a)的化合物及其盐,其中A连同苯基表示式(d)的基团,R1、(R2)p、R3和R4是氢,n为1,Z是氮,而R5是基团5-(4-氟苯基)-吡啶-3-基。
从EP 0650964中已知下式化合物
Figure C9811965200072
其中R0是C1-4-烷基,此化合物可在苯基和/或杂环基和/或哌嗪基上被取代,其通过结合到5-HT受体上作用于中枢神经系统。特别地,这些化合物结合到5-HT-受体亚型上,即5-HT1A与5-HT1D受体。
令人惊奇地,现已发现根据本发明的化合物表示出对多巴胺D2受体(pKi范围7-9.5)和多巴胺D4受体(pKi范围6.5-9.5)的亲合性,对上述两种受体的某一种并没有明显的优先选择性。而且,根据本发明的化合物表现出对5-羟色胺5-HT1A受体(pKi范围7-9.5)的亲合性。这种对多巴胺-与5-羟色胺受体亲合性的联合对于治疗精神分裂症与其它精神疾病是有用的,并且可能能够更彻底地治疗所有的疾病症状(例如阳性症状、阴性症状和认识缺陷)。
化合物作为部分激动剂或者作为拮抗剂在多巴胺D2-、D3-和D4-受体上表现出不同的活性。某些化合物在多巴胺受体上表现出激动剂样作用,然而它们强烈地拮抗阿扑吗啡诱导的小鼠的爬行行为(ED50值<1mg/kg,口服)。化合物作为5-HT1A受体激动剂表现出不同的活性并且导致不同强度的5-羟色胺行为综合症的情况。
化合物在对临床相关的精神抑制药(例如条件回避反应;Van derHeyden & Bradford,Behav.Brain Res.,1988,31:61-67)、抗抑郁药(例如低速反应的差别强化,Van Hest等人,精神药理学(Psychopharmacology),1992,107:474-479)和抗焦虑药(例如应力诱导的发音抑制;Van der Poel等人,精神药理学(Psychopharmacology),1989,97:147-148)敏感的治疗模型中有效。
与临床相关的多巴胺D2受体拮抗剂相比,所述化合物在啮齿类动物中导致僵住症的倾向低,因而可能比现有的精神抑制药物导致较小的锥体束外副作用。
这些化合物中固有的5-HT1A受体激动作用可能是降低产生锥体束外作用的倾向和在对或者抗抑郁药或者抗焦虑药敏感的行为模型中观察到的治疗作用的原因。
化合物可能对治疗由多巴胺能或者由5-羟色胺能系统的紊乱引起的中枢神经系统的病变或疾病有价值,例如,帕金森氏病、攻击行为、焦虑症、孤独症、眩晕、抑郁症、认识或记忆障碍以及尤其是精神分裂症和其它精神疾病。
化合物可与之形成药物可接受的酸加成盐的合适的酸为,例如盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、硝酸、以及有机酸如柠檬酸、富马酸、马来酸、酒石酸、乙酸、苯甲酸、对-甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸和萘磺酸。
本发明的化合物可用常规的方法使用辅助物质如液体和固体载体材料制成给药形式。
本发明的化合物可根据下述方法(A和B)获得。在这些方法中使用的哌嗪表示为I-H至III-H,其中I至III表示下面的基团:
Figure C9811965200091
                图1
这些哌嗪I-H至III-H的合成叙述于EP0189612中。
化合物I-H至III-H的N-H部分的H-原子可通过两种不同的化学方法(A和B)被基团Q取代,最终产生发明的化合物。在图2中给出了Q1至Q9的意义。
               基团Q
Figure C9811965200092
                图2合成路线A
列于表A(见下)中的化合物通过流程图A1所示的合成制备:哌嗪与化合物Q-X(X=Cl,Br)在例如乙腈中和起碱作用的Et(i-Pr)2N反应;在某些情况下加入KI(或NaI)。可用Et3N代替Et(i-Pr)2N。
Figure C9811965200101
               流程图A1合成路线B
列于表B(见下)中的化合物通过流程图B1(见后)所示的合成制备:哌嗪与3-溴-5-氯甲基-吡啶反应产生中间体b1(流程图B2),它通过所谓的Suzuki交叉偶联反应与硼酸衍生物偶联。
               流程图B1
式(a)化合物和一些中间体化合物的制备现详细叙述于下面的实施例中。
实施例1方法A1(流程图A1):
向1-(2,3-二氢-1,4-苯并-二喔星-5-基)哌嗪一盐酸盐III-H.HCl(1.1g,4.25mmol)在CH3CN(40ml)中的悬浮液中加入Q4- Cl(1.0g,3.87mmol)和二异丙基乙基胺(2.45g,19mmol)。将混合物回流搅拌3小时。在冷却并在真空下蒸发溶剂后,使残余物溶于CH2Cl2,用5%NaHCO3溶液、饱和NaCl洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),过滤,并在真空下蒸发。产生的黑色油状物经快速色谱在硅胶上(CH2Cl2/MeOH/NH4OH,97.25/2.5/0.25)纯化,得到A8(0.9g,58%),为一油状物。将产品转化成其一盐酸盐:将残余物溶于乙醚中并用1当量HCl乙醇液处理。产品沉淀为白色固体。经过滤收集固体A8.HCl并干燥:mp233-5℃,分解;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO/CDCl3,4/1)δ(ppm)3.1-3.6(多重峰,8H),4.24(m,4H),4.58(s,2H),6.49(d,1H,J=8Hz),6.55(d,1H,J=8Hz),6.74(t,1H,J=8Hz),7.34(m,2H),7.91(m,2H),8.77(m,1H),8.9(m,1H),9.10(m,1H),11.8(br s,1H,NH+).
实施例2:方法A1(流程图A1):
将2-(对-氟苯基)-4-溴甲基吡啶Q5-Br(0.71g,2.67mmol),与1-(2-苯并噁唑啉酮-4-基)哌嗪I-H.HCl(0.58g,2.27mmol)在DMF(20ml)中连同2.1当量Et3N的悬浮液于室温下搅拌2小时。浓缩产生的澄清溶液,得到一红色油状物,它经快速柱色谱(SiO2,用CH2Cl2/MeOH/NH4OH,92/7.5/0.5洗脱)纯化得到A9(0.28g,26%),为一黄色固体:mp213-4℃;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO/CDCl3,4/1)δ(ppm)2.62(m,4H),3.24(m,4H),3.64(s,2H),6.59(d,1H,J=8Hz),6.63(d,1H,J=8Hz),7.01(t,1H,J=8Hz),7.27(m,2H),7.32(m,1H),7.85(m,1H),8.13(m,2H),8.6(m,1H),11.5(s,1H).
根据上面给出的合成方法,以相似的方法制备其它化合物A1-A12。
                            表A
  化合物    哌嗪     Q     X     盐     熔点℃
    A1     II     1     Cl     fb     105-6
    A2     III     1     Cl     fb     125-6
    A3     II     2     Cl     fb     132-3
    A4     I     2     Cl     fb     233-5
    A5     III     3     Cl     HCl     208
    A6     I     4     Cl     fb     214-5
    A7     I     3     Cl     fb     172-3
    A8     III     4     Cl     HCl     233-5d
    A9     I     5     Br     fb     213-4
    A10     III     5     Br     2HCl     162 d
    A11     III     6     Cl     2HCl     223 d
    A12     I     6     Cl     2HCl     270-5 d
fb=游离碱,d=分解
实施例3:方法B1(流程图B1):
将b1(1.07g,2.75mmol)和Pd(pph3)4(0.1g,0.08mmol)在DME(5ml)中的溶液于室温在N2气氛下搅拌10分钟。然后连续地加入2-噻吩硼酸(0.39g,3.0mmol)和Na2CO3水溶液(2.75ml的2M溶液)并使混合物在回流温度下反应1小时。冷却溶液,用H2O稀释,并用CH2Cl2萃取。有机相在真空下蒸发至干,给出粗产物B1,其经快速色谱(CH2Cl2/MeOH,98/2)纯化,然后转化成其一盐酸盐得到B1.HCl(0.8g,74%),为一白色固体:mp160℃,分解,物质变得粘稠;1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)3.0-3.8(br b,8H,NH+,H2O),4.25(m,4H),4.63(br s,2H),6.54(d,1H,J=8Hz),6.64(d,1H,J=8Hz),6.75(t,1H,J=8Hz),7.14(m,1H),7.43(d,1H,J=5Hz),7.74(m,1H).
根据上面给出的合成法,以相似的方法制备化合物B2-B3。
                       表B
  化合物     哌嗪     Q     盐 熔点℃
    B1     III     7     HCl   在160度变粘稠
    B2     III     8     HCl   224-5
    B3     III     9     HCl   238-9
路线A中所用的中间体。中间体Q-X:Q1-C1:
如流程图A2所示合成此中间体:
Figure C9811965200131
流程图A2步骤i(流程图A2):
此步骤与在杂环化学杂志(J.Het.Chem.);12,(1975),443中所述方法类似地进行。步骤ii(流程图A2):
在搅拌和室温下,溶解4.8g(28.5mmol)2-苯基-6-甲基-吡啶于50ml氯仿中,其后滴加7.8g 75%m-CPBA(33.9mmol)在75ml氯仿中的溶液。反应混合物只表现出有稍微的升温。在搅拌1.5小时后,将反应混合物与5%NaHCO3水溶液振摇两次,与Na2S2O3水溶液振摇两次以除去过量的mCPBA,其后反应混合物对湿的KI/淀粉试纸呈阴性。有机层用MgSO4干燥。经过滤除去干燥剂并在真空下蒸发溶剂,给出一油状物,其在刮擦下结晶出5.5g(105%)的粗2-苯基-6-甲基-吡啶-N-氧化物,其不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步骤。步骤iii(流程图A2):
将搅拌的粗2-苯基-6-甲基-吡啶-N-氧化物(5.2g,28.5mmol)在Ac2O(25ml)中的溶液于回流温度加热2小时。用油泵(10mm)在40℃除去Ac2O产生一红色油状物,其经快速色谱在硅胶上用Et2O/石油醚=1∶1作洗脱剂纯化得到2-苯基-6-(乙酰氧基甲基)-吡啶(4.6g,70%),为一油状物。步骤iv(流程图A2):
将4.5g 2-苯基-6-(乙酰氧基甲基)-吡啶(20mmol)用HCl水溶液(15%,10ml)处理并在搅拌下于回流温度加热混合物。30分钟后,反应混合物用油泵(10mm)于40℃浓缩,加入CH3CN并在真空下将混合物蒸发至干得到2-苯基-6-(羟甲基)-吡啶(3.0g,80%),为一油状物。步骤V(流程图A2):
于室温向搅拌的2-苯基-6-(羟甲基)-吡啶(1.0g,5.4mmol)在CHCl3(7ml)中的溶液中滴加SOCl2(1.22g,10.2mmol)并使混合物在60℃加热20分钟。在真空下蒸发溶剂后,残余物用Et2O研制纯化。过滤收集产生的沉淀物并干燥得到氯化2-苯基-6-(氯甲基)-吡啶鎓Q1-Cl(1.2g,92%),为白色固体。Q2-Cl:
与Q1-Cl的合成类似地制备Q2-Cl。Q3-Cl:
与Q4-Cl(见下)的合成类似地制备Q3-Cl。Q4-Cl:
如流程图A3所示合成此中间体:
Figure C9811965200151
                     流程图A3步骤i(流程图A3):
将搅拌的3-溴-5-吡啶-羧酸(10.1g,50mmol)与H2SO4(1.5ml)在EtOH(150ml)中的混合物回流6小时。在冷却后,在真空下蒸发除去溶剂。残余物用H2O(100ml)稀释,用5%NaHCO3水溶液调成碱性并用乙醚(4×100ml)萃取。合并的有机萃取物用饱和NaCl洗涤并用Na2SO4干燥。过滤,滤液在真空下浓缩,得到3-溴-5-吡啶-羧酸乙酯,为一油状物,它在放置下固化:(9.8g,85%)。步骤ii(流程图A3):
向搅拌的3-溴-5-吡啶-羧酸乙酯(9.5g,41.3mmol)在EtOH(96%,220ml)中的溶液中,于25℃缓慢加入NaBH4(14.4g,380mmol)。反应轻度吸热。将混合物在氮气氛下于室温搅拌6小时。产生的乳状混合物用H2O(150ml)稀释,在真空下蒸发EtOH,并用CH2Cl2(3x)萃取残余物。合并的有机层用Na2SO4干燥。过滤后,滤液在真空下浓缩,给出9g粗的油状物,其经快速色谱在硅胶上(洗脱剂:Et2O)纯化给出3-溴-5-羟甲基-吡啶(3.5g,45%)。步骤iii(流程图A3):
向3-溴-5-羟甲基-吡啶(3.3g,17.5mmol)在甲苯(35ml)中的溶液中加入Pd(PPh3)4(0.6g,0.52mmol)、Na2CO3水溶液(17.5ml 2M溶液)和对-氟苯基硼酸(2.65g,19mmol,溶于8.5ml EtOH)。将混合物于80-90℃加热1小时并剧烈搅拌。反应完成后,将两相反应混合物冷却,收集有机层并用饱和NaCl洗涤。水层用EtOAc洗涤,合并的有机层用Na2SO4干燥。经过滤除去干燥剂并在真空下蒸发溶剂给出一黑色油状物,其经快速色谱在硅胶上(洗脱剂:CH2Cl2/MeOH/NH4OH,95/4.5/0.5)纯化,给出3-(对-氟苯基)-5-羟甲基-吡啶(3.0g,84%)。将产品转化为其一盐酸盐:将残余物溶于Et2O并用16.5当量HCl乙醇液处理。产品3-(对-氟苯基)-5-羟甲基-吡啶鎓盐酸盐Q4-OH.HCl沉淀出来,为白色固体,其经过滤收集并随后干燥。步骤iv(流程图A3):
将3-(对-氟苯基)-5-羟甲基-吡啶鎓盐酸盐Q4-OH.HCl(3.5g,14.7mmol)加至过量的SOCl2(20ml)中并使混合物在60℃加热以使反应开始(生成HCl)。在起始原料全部转化后(45分钟),将反应混合物冷却并在真空下除去过量的SOCl2,剩下一干的残余物。从Et2O中结晶得到3-(对-氟苯基)-5-氯甲基-吡啶鎓盐酸盐Q4-Cl.HCl(2.5g,66%)。Q5-Br:
Q5-Br的合成示于流程图A4:
Figure C9811965200161
                   流程图A4步骤i(流程图A4):
将2-溴-4-甲基-吡啶(10g,58mmol)与Pd(PPh3)4(1.5g,1.3mmol)在甲苯(110ml)中的溶液于室温氮气氛下搅拌。随后加入Na2CO3水溶液(58ml 2M溶液)和对-氟苯基硼酸(8.93g,63.8mmol),并使产生的混合物于90-100℃反应4小时。将混合物冷却,分离水层并用EtOAc(2x)萃取。合并的EtOAc和甲苯部分用MgSO4干燥。过滤干燥剂并在真空下除去溶剂产生一桃红色油状物(28g)。蒸溜,得到纯净的2-(对-氟苯基)-4-甲基-吡啶(6.10g,56%);bp110-116℃(6-7mbar),为无色油状物。步骤ii(流程图A4):
将2-(对-氟苯基)-4-甲基-吡啶(0.5g,2.67mmol)、N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(0.48g,2.69mmol)、与催化量的过氧化苯甲酰在CCl4(50ml)中的混合物于回流温度下搅拌并用普通的250-W UV灯照射4小时。然后,使反应混合物冷却,随后用Et2O/石油醚研制。经过滤除去沉淀物,在真空下浓缩滤液,得到2-(对-氟苯基)-4-溴甲基-吡啶(0.63g,88%,不稳定),为一暗黄色油状物。Q6-Cl:
中间体Q6-Cl根据下面给出的流程图(流程图A5)合成:
Figure C9811965200171
                     流程图5步骤i(流程图A5):
将4-(对-氟苯基)吡啶(13g,75mmol)于70-80℃溶于冰乙酸(100%;50ml)中。随后在搅拌下加H2O2(35%;8ml)。4小时后,加入另一部分H2O2(35%;5ml)。使反应混合物冷却,其后将其在真空下蒸发至干,剩下一黄色固体,将其用H2O(150ml)稀释,用NaOH水溶液(150ml 2M溶液)调成碱性,并用CH2Cl2(100ml)萃取。分离有机层并用Na2SO4干燥。经过滤除去干燥剂并在真空下蒸发溶剂后,分离到13g(91%)的目的产品4-(对-氟苯基)吡啶-N-氧化物。步骤ii(流程图A5):
于80℃N2气氛下向13g 4-(对-氟苯基)吡啶-N-氧化物(68.7mmol)中加入Me2SO2(8.6g,68mmol),其后于100-110℃将混合物搅拌2小时。将混合物冷却并将70%二噁烷/水倾倒入反应混合物中。将所得深棕色溶液于15-20℃滴加至搅拌的NaCN(10g,0.20mol)在H2O(85ml)中的溶液中。混合物于室温搅拌3小时。将反应混合物过滤,残余物用加至两相滤液中的CH2Cl2洗涤。滤液的有相层用Na2SO4干燥。经过滤除去干燥剂并在真空下蒸发溶剂,产生目的化合物,为一浅棕色固体,将其经从EtOH(300ml)中重结晶纯化,得到2-氰基-4-(对-氟苯基)吡啶(8.6g,68%):mp194-195℃。步骤iii(流程图A5):
使搅拌的2-氰基-4-(对-氟苯基)吡啶(8.6g,46.7mmol)在饱和的HCl-MeOH(200ml)中的溶液于回流温度下反应6小时。产生的桃红色溶液在真空下浓缩至大约50ml体积,其后用250ml水稀释。后一溶液用NH4OH(25%)水溶液调成碱性,并用CH2Cl2萃取。有机层用Na2SO4干燥。经过滤除去干燥剂并在真空下蒸发溶剂产生目的产品4-(对-氟苯基)吡啶-2-羧酸甲酯,为一桃红色固体(5.0g,46%):mp97-8℃。步骤iv(流程图A5):
将NaBH4(8.2g,0.2mol)分批加至搅拌的4-(对-氟苯基)吡啶-2-羧酸甲酯(5.0g,21.6mmol)在EtOH(96%,100ml)的溶液中并将混合物于室温搅拌6小时。在减压下除去溶剂,其后加入水。随后用EtOAc进行萃取。有机层用MgSO4干燥。除去干燥剂并在真空下蒸发溶剂产生一油状物,将其溶于MeOH中并用1.1当量HCl/EtOH处理,得到2-羟甲基-4-(对-氟苯基)吡啶鎓盐酸盐(Q6-OH.HCl,为一黄色泡沫(4.47g,87%)。步骤v(流程图A5):
此反应与流程图A3中步骤iv类似地进行。
路线B中所用的中间体。中间体b1:
如流程图B2所示合成此中间体:
                  流程图B2步骤i(流程图B2):
向1-(2,3-二氢-1,4-苯并二喔星-5-基)哌嗪-盐酸盐(5.4g,21mmol)在CH3CN(125ml)中的悬浮液中加入3-溴-5-氯甲基-吡啶(4.6g,19mmol)和二异丙基乙基胺(12.3g,95mmol)。将混合物于回流温度搅拌30分钟。在冷却混合物并在真空下蒸发溶剂后,将残余物溶于CH2Cl2,用5%Na2HCO3水溶液、饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤,其后用Na2SO4干燥有机部分。经过滤除去干燥剂并在真空下蒸发溶剂后,残余物经快速色谱在硅胶上(CH2Cl2/MeOH/NH4OH,97.25/2.5/0.25)纯化,得到b1(7.2g,97%),为一油状物。

Claims (8)

1.具有式(a)的化合物及其盐
Figure C9811965200021
其中-A连同苯基表示  一式b、c、d、e、f或g的基团,-R1是氢,-(R2)p是氢或氧基,-Z是氮,点线为单键,-R3和R4为氢,-n值为1,-R5是图2中给出的基团Q,并选择性地取代有(R6)q
              基团Q
Figure C9811965200031
图2
-Y是苯基、呋喃基或噻吩基,这些基团可取代有1-3个选自羟基、卤素、CF3、C1-4-烷氧基、C1-4-烷基、氰基、氨基羰基、单-或二-C1-4-烷基氨基羰基基团中的取代基,
-(R6)q为氢或卤素。
2.如权利要求1中所求的化合物及其盐,其特征在于A连同苯基表示一式(c)或(d)的基团,其中R5具有权利要求1中给出的意义,Y是苯基,R3和R4是氢而Z是氮。
3.如权利要求2中所要求的化合物及其盐,其特征在于A连同苯基表示式(d)的基团,R1、(R2)p、R3和R4是氢,n为1,Z是氮,而R5是基团5-(4-氟苯基)-吡啶-3-基。
4.制备权利要求1-3任何一项中所要求的化合物的方法
a)通过将下式的化合物与式R5-CH2-X的化合物反应,其中X为一离去基团;或者
b)通过将下式的化合物
Figure C9811965200041
其中R’5具有与R5相同的意义,条件是溴原子在相对于亚甲基桥的间位,
与式B(OH)2-Y的化合物反应,式中符号具有权利要求1中给出的意义。
5.药物组合物,它含至少一种如权利要求1-3任一项中所要求的化合物作为有效成分。
6.制备药物组合物的方法,其特征在于是通过将权利要求1-3任一项中的化合物加入适于给药的形式中制备如权利要求5中所要求的组合物。
7.权利要求1-3任一项中的化合物用于制备治疗CNS疾病的药物的用途。
8.下式的化合物其中R1、(R2)p、Z、n、R3和R4具有权利要求1中给出的意义,而R’5具有权利要求4中给出的意义。
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