CN109156256A - A kind of newly-built theatre solid multiple-effect pattern of farming and method - Google Patents
A kind of newly-built theatre solid multiple-effect pattern of farming and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109156256A CN109156256A CN201811316476.0A CN201811316476A CN109156256A CN 109156256 A CN109156256 A CN 109156256A CN 201811316476 A CN201811316476 A CN 201811316476A CN 109156256 A CN109156256 A CN 109156256A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of newly-built theatre solid multiple-effect pattern of farming and methods, and including forest belt more than two, every group of forest belt includes arbor pear tree growth belt, resistance to shady shrub growth belt and economic herbaceous plant growth belt；Arbor pear tree growth belt is located at the center in forest belt, and resistance to shade shrub growth belt is around the periphery of arbor pear tree growth belt, and economic herbaceous plant growth belt is located at resistance to shady shrub growth belt periphery；It is equipped with gardens between two adjacent groups forest belt and appreciates scape pavement, pavement bottom is equipped with drainage ditch.The present invention makes full use of slash to cultivate shrub bamboo and economic draft, the leaf of bamboo and Chinese medicine can be harvested while managing theatre, so that economic well-being of workers and staff greatly increases；Pass through plants configuration design and ground mulching, it effectively prevent soil hardening and nutrient extreme, meet the full photoproduction of pear tree it is long while, the habitat space of half shady half light is stopped for the shrub bamboo of resistance to shade and neutral herbaceous plant, it is ensured that between tall shrub different levels plant and interests that environment utilizes are complementary, harmonious symbiosis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to production of fruit trees and forestry diversified economy technical field, especially a kind of newly-built theatre solid multiple-effect kind
Plant structure and method.
Background technique
Pear tree is subordinate to rosaceae pear, and arbor is the common deciduous fruit tree of northern China, and the garden of admiring the beauty of flowers that cultivation is universal
Woods tree species.Pear tree blooms in annual early spring, and the white flower and beautiful young leaves that spring completely sets have attracted countless tourists to admire the beauty of flowers to go for an outing in early spring.
Meanwhile pears or China it is traditional be fond of fruit, pear tree is that China's cultivated area is larger, utilizes time-honored economic fruit.
In recent years, China pear tree cultivation is being growing, and kind is also being constantly updated.Especially the florescence is long, pattern is peculiar, fruit is big,
The best fruiting period new product of length is just increasingly prominent on the market.Pear tree production, the cultivation made with rural tourism resultant force have become one
New industry and new growth engines, and promote local economy development, especially Poor Mountainous Area economy, lead peasant to shake off poverty
It gets rich the feasible direction striven for a relatively comfortable life.
Currently, it is single layer pure forest that China rural area, which creates the most common planting patterns in theatre, this planting patterns has cultivation
Simply, the advantages that fruit picking is easy, is convenient for management.But this traditional cropping pattern have the defects that it is following fatal: first is that single
One planting easily causes soil hardening and lacks microelement, and later period fruit quality can decline year by year；It is this single simultaneously
Cropping pattern plant level it is dull, stability of community is poor, is subject to disease pest harm；More importantly this cropping pattern is planted
Species are too simple, are unable to satisfy the landscape suitability demand that current people go sightseeing to tour in the field, do not meet yet it is current I
Forest construction Plant Diversity, the principles and requirements of physiognomy colouring of government of state proposition.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a kind of new for the deficiency in current pear tree orchard establishment cultivation technique
Type solid growth mode, low with the floristics dullness, the space utilization rate that solve current China pear tree production with encountered in orchard establishment,
The technological difficulties that disease pest harm is serious, landscape effect is bad.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention discloses a kind of newly-built theatre solid multiple-effect patterns of farming, including two
Forest belt more than group, every group of forest belt include arbor pear tree growth belt, resistance to shady shrub growth belt and economic herbaceous plant growth belt；Its
In, the arbor pear tree growth belt is located at the center in forest belt, and the resistance to shady shrub growth belt is around arbor pear tree growth belt
Periphery, the economic herbaceous plant growth belt are located at resistance to shady shrub growth belt periphery；Gardens are equipped between two adjacent groups forest belt to appreciate
Scape pavement, pavement bottom is equipped with drainage ditch, for draining aerial drainage.
Further, it is equipped with organic debris object between the arbor pear tree growth belt and resistance to shady shrub growth belt, covered
With a thickness of 3~5cm；The organic debris object is the mixing residue of forest plants stalk after crushed, and average grain diameter is less than 3cm,
Irregular shape to control forest land weeds, while playing water conservation, solid soil, heat preservation and fertilizing functions.
Preferably, arbor pear tree is planted with uniline ribbon in the arbor pear tree growth belt, spacing in the rows is 3~3.5 meters；Institute
State any one that arbor pear tree is the economic pear woods such as bean pear, birch-leaf pear or sand pear.
Preferably, the planting patterns dense planting broad-leaved indocalamus of arbor pear tree growth belt is surround in the resistance to shady shrub growth belt
Bamboo, 1~1.2 meter of bandwidth of resistance to shade shrub growth belt, every square metre is planted 25~35 plants.
Preferably, the economic draft of the resistance to shady shrub growth belt outer rim multirow dense planting of the economic herbaceous plant growth belt inner close fitting
Plant, economical 1~1.2 meter of herbaceous plant growth belt bandwidth, every square metre is planted 40~45 plants；The economic herbaceous plant is stone
Garlic, lily, any one or two or more combinations in campanulaceae.
Preferably, the outer rim of the resistance to shady shrub growth belt is vertical with the arbor pear tree tree crown in arbor pear tree growth belt throws
The upright projection of shade alignment, resistance to shade shrub growth belt is annular in shape.
Preferably, the drainage ditch is ring joint structure, and the upper width of slot is greater than bottom width；If the pavement by
Dry top cover is arranged successively composition, and circular hole is equipped at the angle Yu of top cover quadrangle, and top cover top and bottom are run through equipped with band-like in middle part
Gap；Groove top portion turns up and leaving certain gaps uncovered by the economic plan, and for fastening with top cover, Gai Hehou marks time sightseeing for tourist.
Preferably, the organic debris object is the residue of coniferous species and deciduous species limb mixed in equal amounts after crushed；
The coniferous species are conifer and/or China fir class；The deciduous species are any one or more in maple, hackberry and Chinese tallow tree
Combination.
The present invention also provides the construction methods of above-mentioned newly-built theatre solid multiple-effect pattern of farming, include the following steps:
(1) overall site preparation: usage mining machine has carried out complete cultivation to garden soil, after with agricultural rotary tiller carried out depth
It turns over, smash, flatten, and impose base manure in conjunction with site preparation；
(2) trench digging digs cave: it begins to rehearse water channel after site preparation on ground, the band-like digging of central parallel after the completion of building canals in Liang Hangqu
Cave；
(3) arbor pear tree is colonized: the suitable plantation elite stand of selection constructs arbor pear tree growth belt；
(4) resistance to shady shrub interplanting: the suitable resistance to shady shrub of selection, around the resistance to shady shrub of the periphery of arbor pear tree growth belt building
Growth belt；
(5) economic herbaceous plant plantation: it is close to resistance to shady shrub growth belt periphery and constructs economic herbaceous plant growth belt；
(6) it builds and sets pavement: being laid with pavement above drainage ditch.
Further, it after resistance to shady shrub interplanting, has been equipped between arbor pear tree growth belt and resistance to shady shrub growth belt
Machine clast.
The utility model has the advantages that
Technical method provided by the present invention is to propose one kind for technical deficiency present in the orchard establishment of current China theatre
Species diversity is abundant, space utilization rate is high, irrigate conducive to draining, the novel solid multiple-effect pattern of farming that stability of community is good and
Construction method.On the one hand this mode makes full use of slash to cultivate shrub bamboo and economic draft, while managing theatre
The leaf of bamboo (rice-pudding leaf) and Chinese medicine can be harvested, so that economic well-being of workers and staff greatly increases；On the other hand, it is designed by cleverly plants configuration
And ground mulching, effectively prevent soil hardening and nutrient extreme, meet the full photoproduction of pear tree it is long while, be resistance to shade shrub bamboo
The habitat space of half shady half light is stopped with neutral herbaceous plant, it is ensured that utilize between tall shrub different levels plant with environment
Interests are complementary, harmonious symbiosis.Spring appreciates as white as polished jade pear flower after forming group according to pattern of farming proposed by the present invention,
Summer and autumn browse slim and graceful short-tube lycoris (or lily or campanulaceae), and winter has a taste of emerald green long bamboo scape, have flower in three seasons, the four seasons have
Green, whole year can appreciate, and found the outdoor colorful life most enjoyable stage.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is done with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description and is further illustrated, of the invention is above-mentioned
And/or otherwise advantage will become apparent.
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of embodiment pattern of farming；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram that scape pavement bottom discharge canal is appreciated in embodiment gardens；
Fig. 3 is the viewgraph of cross-section that scape pavement top cover is appreciated in gardens；
Fig. 4 is the top view that scape pavement top cover is appreciated in gardens.
Specific embodiment
According to following embodiments, the present invention may be better understood.
Structure depicted in Figure of description, ratio, size etc., only to cooperate the revealed content of specification, with
Understand for those skilled in the art and read, be not intended to limit the invention enforceable qualifications, therefore does not have technically
Essential meaning, the modification of any structure, the change of proportionate relationship or the adjustment of size can be generated not influencing the present invention
Under effect and the purpose that can reach, should all still it fall in the range of disclosed technology contents can cover.Meanwhile
Cited such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", " centre " term in this specification are merely convenient to being illustrated for narration, and
It is non-that to limit the scope of the invention, relativeness is altered or modified, under the content of no substantial changes in technology, when
Also it is considered as the enforceable scope of the present invention.
In October, 2015~2017 year November, in Jiangsu good merchantable brand improvement of the ecological environment Co., Ltd nursery stock base (Jiang Sunan
Capital) carry out the secrecy test of theatre solid interplanting, experimental scale is 6 mu of forest lands.It is as follows that it tests process:
(1) overall site preparation: on October 26th, 2016, usage mining machine has carried out complete cultivation to garden soil, after use agriculture
Plough deeply with rotary cultivator, smash, flattened, ploughed depth is unified for 45cm, and imposes base manure in conjunction with site preparation, and base manure type is
Domestic agricultural composite fertilizer, amount of application are 15~20kg/ mus；
(2) trench digging digs cave: beginning to rehearse ditch on ground every 4~5.0m after site preparation using manual work method, south-north direction is opened
Ditch specification is trapezoidal, bottom width 45cm, the wide 55cm in top, depth 35cm；The band-like digging of central parallel after the completion of trench digging in Liang Hanggou
Cave, cave deep 45~50cm, cave 50~55cm of diameter, 3~3.5m of hill spacing；
(3) pear tree is colonized: in March, 2016, select tree-shaped satisfactorily, 3~4 years raw bean pears of robust growth, fanout free region as
Elite stand is planted, arbor pear tree growth belt 1 is constructed；The specification of pears seedling be 4~5cm of rugosity, branch 3 or more, no disease and pests harm；Field planting
Method uses line hole-method, and embedded depth is 2~3cm deeply than native soil layer trace, has carried out earthing after field planting in time, has treaded,
Accomplish that number dry logical straight, root system stretching, extension, nest is not with, not lower cellar；
(4) indocalamus is interplanted: in April, 2016, and selection whip root is complete, robust growth, no disease and pests harm 1 year raw indocalamus seedling carries out
Intercropping, planting patterns are ring-band shape dense planting, and 1~1.2 meter of bandwidth, every square metre is planted 25~35 plants；Indocalamus growth belt 2
Outer rim is aligned with arbor pear tree upper layer crown mapping；
(5) woodland rent: pears are preced with lower earth's surface and are equipped with organic debris object 13 after the completion of indocalamus plantation, and cladding thickness 3~
5cm；Organic debris object 13 is the equal amount of mixture of residue after forest plants masson pine and the crushing of hackberry limb, is irregular shape
Shape, average grain diameter are less than 3cm；
(6) plant draft: the outer rim of indocalamus growth belt 2 plants the combination 3 of economic herbaceous plant short-tube lycoris and lily, multiserial band
Shape mongrel is planted, and planting material is bulb, and 1~1.2 meter of bandwidth, every square metre is planted 40~45 plants；
(7) build and set pavement: the design of pavement 4 is as shown in Figure 2.The bottom of pavement 4 is the drainage ditch of a ring joint structure
5, by cement and yellow sand, routinely ratio mixing is built into；Wall wide 40cm in 5 kerve of drainage ditch, the wide 50cm in top, bottom depth 35cm,
Wall thickness 5cm, the recessed water supply and sewage of kerve, the design of 7 slope of side wall, 45 degree of gradient, side wall top is turned up leaving certain gaps uncovered by the economic plan 9 on 6, for pushing up
Lid 12 fastens naturally；Wherein, top cover 12 is a grid-like rectangular configuration (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), and manufacturing specification is long 48cm, wide
Angle is smeared in 30cm, 4~4.5cm of thickness, quadrangle, and in favor of the placement of top cover 12, it is suitable to fasten on pavement；At the quadrangle angle Yu of top cover 12
There are circular holes 11, and diameter 5cm, central uniformly distributed 4 ribbon gap 10, gap 10 is 36cm long, wide 2.5cm；
(8) final management and maintenance: the season of growth carried out weeding with a hoe 1 time every 15 days, and dry season has carried out irregular irrigate 3 times；7
In the middle of the month, using urea foliage spray 1 time, concentration is 0.5~1%.
Planting effect: in October, 2017 carries out investigation statistics.Growth of Pear Trees is good, mean DBH increment 8.4cm, storage rate
98.8%, 60% or more elite stand has bloomed.Earth's surface is substantially reduced almost without weeds, the labor cost of weeding under pears.Woods
Lower indocalamus growth belt has covered earth's surface, robust growth, every year per acre for rice-pudding leaf 150kg；Short-tube lycoris and lily are intact,
Realization is bloomed every year, and bulb income is considerable.It is designed in conjunction with unique pavement, tourist claps and shouts "Bravo", and theatre has become periphery ten
In the excellent reward scape famous scenic spot in rural area.
The present invention provides a kind of newly-built theatre solid multiple-effect pattern of farming and methods, implement the side of the technical solution
There are many method and approach, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the common skill of the art
For art personnel, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.All undefined components in this embodiment can be implemented in the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of newly-built theatre solid multiple-effect pattern of farming, which is characterized in that including forest belt more than two, every group of forest belt includes
Arbor pear tree growth belt (1), resistance to shady shrub growth belt (2) and economic herbaceous plant growth belt (3)；Wherein, the arbor pear tree
Growth belt (1) is located at the center in forest belt, and the resistance to shady shrub growth belt (2) is around the periphery of arbor pear tree growth belt (1), institute
It states economic herbaceous plant growth belt (3) and is located at resistance to shady shrub growth belt (2) periphery；It is equipped with gardens between two adjacent groups forest belt and appreciates scape
Pavement (4), pavement (4) bottom are equipped with drainage ditch (5).
2. a kind of newly-built theatre solid multiple-effect pattern of farming according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the arbor pear tree
It is equipped with organic debris object (13) between growth belt (1) and resistance to shady shrub growth belt (2), cladding thickness is 3~5cm；It is described to have
Machine clast (13) is the mixing residue of forest plants or stalk after crushed, and average grain diameter is less than 3cm.
3. a kind of newly-built theatre solid multiple-effect pattern of farming according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the arbor
Arbor pear tree is planted with uniline ribbon in pear tree growth belt (1), spacing in the rows is 3~3.5 meters；The arbor pear tree is bean pear, Du
Any one of the economic pear wood such as pears or sand pear.
4. a kind of newly-built theatre solid multiple-effect pattern of farming according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the resistance to shade
Using the planting patterns around arbor pear tree growth belt (1) as dense planting broadleaf indocalamus in shrub growth belt (2), resistance to shade shrub growth belt
(2) 1~1.2 meter of bandwidth, every square metre is planted 25~35 plants.
5. a kind of newly-built theatre solid multiple-effect pattern of farming according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the economy
The economic herbaceous plant of resistance to shady shrub growth belt (2) the outer rim multirow dense planting of herbaceous plant growth belt (3) inner close fitting, economic herbaceous plant
1~1.2 meter of bandwidth of growth belt (3), every square metre is planted 40~45 plants；The economic herbaceous plant is short-tube lycoris, lily, in campanulaceae
Any one or two or more combinations.
6. a kind of newly-built theatre solid multiple-effect pattern of farming according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the resistance to shady shrub
The outer rim of growth belt (2) aligns with the arbor pear tree tree crown upright projection in arbor pear tree growth belt (1).
7. a kind of newly-built theatre solid multiple-effect pattern of farming according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the drainage ditch
It (5) is ring joint structure, the upper width of slot is greater than bottom width；The pavement (4) is arranged successively by several top covers (12)
It forms, is equipped with circular hole (11) at top cover (12) quadrangle angle Yu, middle part is equipped with the band-like gap through top cover top and bottom
(10)；Groove top portion turns up and leaving certain gaps uncovered by the economic plan (9), for fastening with top cover (12).
8. a kind of newly-built theatre solid multiple-effect pattern of farming according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the forest plants
Mixing residue be coniferous species and deciduous species limb mixed in equal amounts after crushed residue；The coniferous species are conifer
And/or China fir class；The deciduous species are the combination of any one or more in maple, hackberry and Chinese tallow tree.
9. the construction method of newly-built theatre solid multiple-effect pattern of farming described in claim 1, which is characterized in that including walking as follows
It is rapid:
(1) overall site preparation；
(2) trench digging digs cave；
(3) arbor pear tree is colonized；
(4) resistance to shady shrub interplanting；
(5) economic herbaceous plant plantation；
(6) it builds and sets pavement.
10. the construction method of newly-built theatre solid multiple-effect pattern of farming according to claim 9, which is characterized in that resistance to shade
After shrub interplanting, organic debris object is equipped between arbor pear tree growth belt and resistance to shady shrub growth belt.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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