CN112640716A - Three-dimensional spring flower landscape design and agricultural planting method for pear gardens in southern areas of wing - Google Patents
Three-dimensional spring flower landscape design and agricultural planting method for pear gardens in southern areas of wing Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for designing and planting a pear garden stereoscopic spring flower landscape in the southern part of the wing, which comprises the following steps: 1. according to the line spacing and the line length of the pear trees in the pear orchard, a herbaceous vegetation landscape pattern which can be implemented on the open space under the pear trees is designed and determined. 2. Selecting a herbaceous vegetation plant variety which is suitable for being planted in a pear garden and can be subjected to overwintering growth in the south-middle area of the wing, is cold-resistant, drought-resistant, early in green turning, early in flowering, long in flowering phase and capable of meeting the flowering phase of pears. 3. And (5) preparing soil before sowing. 4. Sowing in the optimum period. In the suitable sowing period when the landscape crops under the southern pear garden in the wing meet the flowering period of the pears: the flowering landscape crops are between 9 and 10 months and 20 months per year, and the green landscape crops are between 9 and 10 months per year. 5. And (5) field management. The invention provides a good solution for the defects of monotonous color, less color gradation, low ecological benefit utilization and the like of the pear flower landscape when the pear flower is held in the southern pear producing area in Ji.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for designing and planting a three-dimensional spring flower landscape in a pear garden in the southern area of Ji.
Background
The pear is fresh and tender, delicious, juicy, sour and sweet, palatable and rich in nutrition, and is one of four fruits which people like to eat in the world. Hebei province is a big province for producing pears, the area of a pear garden in the Hebei province in 2016 is 929.07 kilo hectares, and the yield of pears is 1596.30 million tons, and the two are the first provinces in China. The southern area in Ji is the main pear producing area in Hebei province, and the pear industry is the special dominant industry in the area. At the end of 3 months to 4 months in each year, pear flowers in the southern pear producing area in the wing are full, and the scene is splendid, so that the pear flowers become an important local tourism resource. In order to fully utilize the tourism resource, the southern region of the Ji strives to hold pear florals every year. The key link for successfully holding pear flower sections is to improve the ornamental level of pear flower landscape and attract more tourists to travel. The pear flowers are white like snow, snow sea beauty formed by the blossoming of thousands of trees and thousands of trees is really attractive, but the long-time viewing of the monotonous white pear flowers is easy to cause visual fatigue, and the pleasure of tourists is reduced.
According to local climatic characteristics, soil fertility characteristics and growth and development laws of different crops, green cold season pasture crops such as rye, triticale and ryegrass which turn green early and grow fast and landscape crops such as orychophragmus violaceus and rapes which turn green early and flower early and have different colors are selected to be planted in vacant spaces below pear trees according to designed patterns, and the three-dimensional spring flower landscape of the pear garden with colorful colors and different upper and lower levels of flowers showing brightness is an important way for improving the ornamental level of the pear flower landscape and exciting visitors to enjoy. At present, the south pear flower production area in the Ji has no planting method and experience of the three-dimensional spring flower landscape of the pear garden, so that the invention of the south pear flower production area in the Ji and the agricultural planting method plays a vital role in improving the ornamental level of the pear flower landscape of the pear flower, promoting the ecological tourism development of the country and realizing the vogue of the country.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for agricultural planting of the stereoscopic spring flower landscape in the pear garden in the southern Ji area aiming at the defects of monotonous color, less color gradation, low ecological benefit utilization and the like of the pear flower landscape in the pear growing area in the southern Ji area. The three-dimensional spring flower landscape of the pear garden with colorful colors, rich layers and vividness, which is built by the method, can improve the ornamental level of the pear flower landscape of the pear flower section; meanwhile, the utilization rate of cultivated land of the pear garden can be improved, the soil moisture content is improved, the fertilizer investment is reduced, the soil quality is improved, the ecological environment is protected, the ecological benefit, the economic benefit and the social benefit are obvious, and the sustainable development requirement of the Jizhong south pear industry is met.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for designing and planting the three-dimensional spring flower landscape of the pear garden in the southern area of Ji comprises the following steps:
firstly, designing and determining herbaceous vegetation landscape patterns which can be implemented on the open space under a pear tree forest according to the row spacing and the row length of the pear trees in the pear orchard.
And secondly, selecting a herbaceous vegetation plant variety which is suitable for being planted in the pear orchard under the conditions of cold resistance, drought resistance, early green turning, early flowering, long flowering phase and meeting the flowering phase of the pears and can be subjected to overwintering growth in the southern region of the wing.
And thirdly, preparing soil before sowing, which mainly comprises the work of soil moisture making, base fertilizer application, soil preparation and the like. Soil moisture generation: when sowing, seeds are required to be sown in sufficient soil moisture, and if the soil moisture content is insufficient, water is poured for soil moisture formation about 7 days before sowing. Applying a base fertilizer: before land preparation, commercial organic fertilizer (dosage: 200 kg/mu) or decomposed farmyard manure (dosage: 2 m)3Per mu) are uniformly scattered on the ground surface to be used as base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer is ploughed into the field after being scattered. Land preparation: when the soil is suitable for cultivation, the land is ploughed and rotary-tilled manually or by a small-sized plough machine and a small-sized rotary cultivator which are suitable for operation among rows of the pear trees, and the depth is not less than 20 cm. After rotary tillage, the land needs to be harrowed and leveled in time. In the soil preparation process, sundries are picked out of the ground in time.
Fourthly, sowing seeds in proper time. In the suitable sowing period when the landscape crops under the southern pear garden in the wing meet the flowering period of the pears: the flowering landscape crops are between 9 and 10 months and 20 months per year, and the green landscape crops are between 9 and 10 months per year. Selecting proper herbaceous ground plant seeds with purity not less than 90% and germination rate not less than 85% for timely sowing according to the designed pattern. A germination test should be performed before sowing. The seeding row spacing of the green landscape crops is 15cm, and the seeding depth is 1.5-2 cm; the sowing row spacing of the flowering landscape crops is 20cm, and the sowing depth is 0.5-1 cm. And covering soil and pressing in time after sowing.
And fifthly, managing the field. And (5) timely removing weeds in the landscape crops after emergence of seedlings. Before winter, the winter irrigation should be carried out for 1 time when the average temperature is about 3 ℃. The green water is poured for 1 time in the last ten days of 2 months, 5kg of urea (N content: 46%) is applied to each mu of landscape crops along with the water, and the application to an organic orchard can be omitted. After the pear blossom section is finished, the under-forest landscape crops can be ploughed and returned to the field as green manure.
Further, in the first step: when the row spacing of the pear trees is less than or equal to 3m and the row length is less than or equal to 50 m, planting the colored belt patterns, namely planting herbaceous vegetation plants with the same color or different colors at intervals among rows of the pear trees to form a colored belt with the same row length as the pear trees; when the row spacing of the pear trees is more than 3m and the row length is more than 50 m, besides the selective planting of the patterns of the colored ribbons, green gramineous landscape crops or landscape crops with different colors can be used as the ground color, and the landscape crops with yellow, purple or flowers with different colors are planted on the green or landscape crops with different colors according to the row spacing width and the row length of the pear trees to form the pattern shapes of waves, circular rosettes, stars, simple letters or simple Chinese characters and the like.
Further, in the first step: when planting the colored ribbon pattern, the herbaceous vegetation with gorgeous flowers should be selected. When the pear blossoms, more insects can be attracted to pollinate, and the fruit setting rate of the pear trees can be improved.
Further, in the second step: in order to improve the overwintering rate of herbaceous ground cover plants planted under the southern pear trees in the Ji, improve the probability of meeting the ground cover plants and pear flowers at the flowering stage and successfully build a stereoscopic spring flower landscape in a pear garden, cold-season pasture grasses such as rye, triticale, ryegrass and the like are selected as green gramineous landscape plants; the flowering landscape crops should select herbaceous ground cover plants with the advantages of overwintering capability, strong stress resistance, early flowering, long flowering period and bright color in the southern region of the wing, such as cruciferae rape, orychophragmus violaceus and the like.
Further, the green gramineous landscape plant is selected from cold-season pasture, wherein the rye is suitable for being selected from 70 winter pastures, 507 middle-feeding pastures or OKLON varieties; the triticale is preferably fed with No. 1 variety; the ryegrass is preferably of the Madi variety. The Brassicaceae rapes selected from the gorgeous flower landscape plants are preferably No. 8 or No. 9 Long oil in the southern region, and No. 6 Long oil in the middle region.
Furthermore, in the third step, a pear garden with a deep soil layer, sandy loam or light loam as the soil type, 6.5-7.5 of soil pH, more than 1% of soil organic matter content and more than medium soil fertility is selected.
Furthermore, in the fourth step, different kinds of landscape crops are reasonably densely planted and sowed in a proper amount. The sowing amount of the green landscape crops such as rye and triticale is 9-11 kg/mu 30 days before 9 months, and the sowing amount is increased by 0.25 kg/mu after 1d sowing delay. The sowing quantity of the ryegrass is 1-1.5 kg/mu 30 days before 9 months, and the sowing quantity is increased by 0.025 kg/mu after 1d of sowing delay. The sowing amount of the orychophragmus violaceus is 1-1.3 kg/mu, and the sowing amount of the rape is 0.3-0.6 kg/mu. After seedling emergence, the plant density of the orychophragmus violaceus and the rape is ensured to be 4-6 ten thousand plants/mu, and thinning is timely when the density is too high.
Furthermore, in the fourth step, when planting simple pattern landscape among rows of pear trees, firstly planting landscape crops in the patterns, and then planting landscape crops on the bottom color after seedlings are full. Before planting landscape crops in the patterns, in order to prevent errors, the patterns are firstly marked on the ground among rows of the pear trees and then planted.
Further, in the fifth step, when the height of the gramineous grass carport is more than 30cm before 10 months and 5 days, mechanical or manual mowing is carried out, and the stubble height is 8cm during mowing. After the orychophragmus violaceus and rape blooms, if aphid harm occurs, chemical control can be carried out by using dimethoate missible oil, or biological control can be carried out by using aphidiidae, green lacewing and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the three-dimensional spring flower landscape planting method for the pear orchard in the south of Ji province is formed by reasonably adopting various herbaceous vegetation plants with different colors and pear flowers on trees, and comprises a configuration mode of various herbaceous vegetation plants planted according to different patterns and the pear flowers on the trees. Through making full use of the vacant land under the pear orchard, herbaceous ground cover plants with various colors meeting the pear blossom period are reasonably planted to form plant landscape patterns under the pear orchard, and then the three-dimensional spring blossom landscape with colorful flowers, rich flower color three-dimensional layers and vivid glittering is configured with the pear flowers on the trees, so that the diversity of the pear orchard plants is increased, the monotony of the pear blossom flower landscape of the pear blossom section is improved, the ornamental value of the pear garden landscape is improved, the tourism of tourists is facilitated to be aroused, the ecological tourism development of the village is promoted, and the rural economy is revived.
(2) The herbaceous ground cover plants under the pear garden can be used as ornamental plants to configure the stereo spring flower landscape of the pear garden to improve the ornamental value of pear flowers, and can also cover the open space under the pear garden, reduce the flying sand and flying dust, prevent water and soil loss and protect the ecological environment; the ineffective evaporation of soil moisture can be reduced, the water content of the soil is improved, the soil moisture content is improved, and the soil drought in the spring of the southern pear garden in the Ji province is relieved; the soil can be cut and inserted through the root system of the crop, so that the number of soil pores is increased, the volume weight of the soil is reduced, organic matters in the soil are supplemented, the content of aggregate in the soil is increased, and the physical properties of the soil are improved; after pear blossom knots are finished, the under-forest herbaceous land is turned over and pressed as green manure and returned to the field, so that the soil nutrient content can be improved, the application amount of the chemical fertilizer in a pear orchard is reduced, and green production of pear fruits is facilitated. Therefore, the invention can improve the utilization rate of the pear garden land, improve the soil moisture content, reduce the fertilizer input, improve the soil quality, protect the ecological environment, has obvious ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit and can promote the sustainable development of the Jizhong south pear industry.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1: method for planting colored-belt landscape under pear tree
In the first step, the row spacing of the pear trees in the pear orchard is 3m, the row length is 50 m, and the landscape patterns under the pear trees are designed into color belt patterns with the same length as the rows of the pear trees.
And secondly, selecting rape as a landscape crop of a yellow color band, and selecting orychophragmus violaceus as a landscape crop of a blue-violet color band. The rape adopts No. 8 Long oil variety, and the February can select the variety with deep blue-purple flower color.
And step three, irrigating, soil preparation and base fertilizer application. If the field capacity of the soil is water<70 percent, irrigation needs to be performed for soil moisture about one week in advance. When the soil is suitable for cultivation, the land is ploughed and rotary-tilled manually or by a small-sized plough machine and a small-sized rotary cultivator which are suitable for operation among rows of the pear trees, and the depth is not less than 20 cm. After rotary tillage, the land needs to be harrowed and leveled in time. In the soil preparation process, sundries are required to be picked out of the ground in time. Combining soil preparation, applying 200kg of commercial organic fertilizer or 2m of decomposed farmyard manure per mu3Used as base fertilizer.
Fourthly, sowing the seeds in proper time. Sowing is carried out between 9 months and 10 days and 20 days. And when sowing, the distance between the grass belt and the root of the pear tree is 50-80 cm. And calculating the seed dosage of rape and orychophragmus violaceus in each pear tree row according to the sowing area and the sowing quantity. After the dosage of each row of seeds is weighed, the corresponding seeds are placed at the beginning of the row of the landscape pears with the corresponding color. A germination test should be performed before sowing. Seeds with purity not less than 90% and germination rate not less than 85% are selected for sowing. The row spacing is 20cm during sowing, and the sowing depth is 0.5-1 cm. And covering soil and pressing in time after sowing. After the seedlings emerge, the seedlings are checked and supplemented in time, and the seedlings are lack of seedlings and sowed in time. 4-6 thousands of seedlings are left per mu, and the seedlings are thinned when the density is too high.
And fifthly, managing the field. And (5) timely removing weeds in the landscape crops after emergence of seedlings. Before winter, the winter irrigation should be carried out for 1 time when the average temperature is about 3 ℃. The green water is poured for 1 time in the last ten days of 2 months, and 5kg of urea (N content: 46%) is applied to each mu of landscape crops along with the water (the application to an organic orchard can be omitted). After the pear blossom section is finished, the under-forest landscape crops can be mechanically ploughed and returned to the field as green manure.
Example 2: a ring-and-ring buckling pattern landscape planting method under pear trees.
The row spacing of the pear trees in the embodiment is 4 m, and the row length is 100 m.
Firstly, a sketch of a pattern of the ring-and-loop fastening is made.
And secondly, selecting ryegrass of green gramineous crops as a ground color crop, and selecting landscape crops such as rape, orychophragmus violaceus and the like to construct a ring-and-ring buckling pattern. The rye grass is of a Maydi variety, the rape is of a Long Yong No. 8 variety, and the February can select a variety with a deep blue-purple color.
And step three, irrigating, soil preparation and base fertilizer application. The specific procedure was the same as in the third step of example 1.
And fourthly, seeding step by step. According to the design requirements, firstly, the ring-and-ring buckling patterns are scribed on the space of the rows of the pear trees and marked, landscape crops such as orychophragmus violaceus and rapes in the patterns are sowed between 10 days and 20 days in 9 months, the sowing requirement of the landscape crops is the same as that of the fourth step in the embodiment 1, and ryegrass serving as a bottom color crop is sowed after the landscape crops in the patterns are completely sown. The sowing quantity of the ryegrass is 1-1.5 kg/mu 30 days before 9 months, and the sowing quantity is increased by 0.025 kg/mu after 1d of sowing delay. The seeding row spacing is 15cm, the seeding depth is 1.5-2 cm, and soil is covered and pressed in time after seeding. When the height of the ryegrass grass clump is more than 30cm before 10 months and 5 days, mechanical or manual mowing is carried out, and the stubble height is 8cm when mowing is carried out.
And fifthly, managing the field. The same as the fifth step in example 1.
Claims (9)
1. A three-dimensional spring flower landscape design and agricultural planting method for a pear garden in the southern area of Ji is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, designing and determining herbaceous vegetation landscape patterns which can be implemented on the open space under a pear tree forest according to the row spacing and the row length of pear trees in a pear garden;
secondly, selecting a herbaceous vegetation plant variety which is suitable for being planted in a pear orchard under the conditions of cold resistance, drought resistance, early green turning, early flowering, long flowering period and meeting the flowering period of pears and can be subjected to overwintering growth in the southern area of the wing;
thirdly, soil preparation before sowing, soil moisture generation: when sowing, seeds are required to be sown in sufficient soil moisture, and if the soil moisture content is insufficient, water is poured for soil moisture formation about 7 days before sowing; applying a base fertilizer: before land preparation, uniformly scattering commercial organic fertilizer or decomposed farmyard manure on the ground surface to serve as base fertilizer, and ploughing and turning into the field after scattering; land preparation: when the soil is suitable for cultivation, ploughing and rotary tillage of the soil manually or by using a small-sized ploughing machine and a small-sized rotary cultivator which are suitable for operation among rows of the pear trees, wherein the depth is not less than 20 cm; harrowing and land leveling are carried out in time after rotary tillage, so that the land is leveled;
fourthly, sowing in an appropriate period, wherein in the appropriate sowing period when the landscape crops under the southern pear garden in the wing meet the flowering period of the pears: the flowering landscape crops are between 9 and 10 days per year and 9 and 20 months per year, and the green landscape crops are between 9 and 10 days per year and 10 months per year; selecting proper herbaceous ground plant seeds with purity not less than 90% and germination rate not less than 85% for timely sowing according to the designed pattern; fifthly, field management, wherein weeds in the landscape crops are removed in time after emergence of seedlings; before winter, performing winter irrigation for 1 time when the average temperature is about 3 ℃; pouring the green water for 1 time in the last ten days of 2 months, applying 5kg of urea along with the water for each mu of landscape crops, and requiring the content of N: 46%, organic orchards can be omitted; after the pear blossom is finished, the under-forest landscape crops are ploughed and returned to the field as green manure.
2. The method for designing and planting the stereoscopic spring flower landscape in the pear garden in the south of the Ji province as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, when the row spacing of the pear trees is less than or equal to 3m and the row length is less than or equal to 50 m, the color zone patterns are properly selected and planted, namely herbaceous vegetation plants with the same color or different colors are planted among rows of the pear trees at intervals to form a color zone equal to the row length of the pear trees; when the row spacing of the pear trees is more than 3m and the row length is more than 50 m, besides the selective planting of the patterns of the colored ribbons, green gramineous landscape crops or landscape crops with different colors can be used as the ground color, and the landscape crops with yellow, purple or flowers with different colors are planted on the green or landscape crops with different colors according to the row spacing width and the row length of the pear trees to form the pattern shapes of waves, circular rosettes, stars, simple letters or simple Chinese characters and the like.
3. The method for designing and planting the stereoscopic spring flower landscape in the pear garden in the south of the Ji province as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, when planting the colored ribbon pattern, selecting herbaceous ground cover plants with gorgeous flowers; when the pear blossoms, more insects can be attracted to pollinate, and the fruit setting rate of the pear trees can be improved.
4. The method for designing and planting the stereoscopic spring flower landscape in the pear garden in the south of the Ji province as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the green gramineous landscape plant should adopt cool-season pasture; the flowering landscape crops should select herbaceous ground cover plants which can live through winter in the southern and central regions of the leaves, have strong stress resistance, early flowering, long flowering period and bright color, and select cruciferous plants including rape and orychophragmus violaceus.
5. The method for designing and planting the stereoscopic spring flower landscape in the pear garden in the south of the Ji province as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the green gramineous landscape plant is selected from cold-season pasture, wherein the rye is selected from 70 winter pasture, 507 middle-feeding pasture or OKLON variety; the triticale adopts a No. 1 variety fed by the jike; the ryegrass is of a Maydi variety; the brassicaceae rapes selected by the flowering landscape crops adopt No. 8 or No. 9 Long oil in the southern region, and No. 6 Long oil in the middle region.
6. The method for designing and planting the stereoscopic spring flower landscape in the pear garden in the south of the Ji province as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the pear garden with a deep soil layer, sandy loam or light loam as the soil type, 6.5-7.5 of soil pH, more than 1% of soil organic matter content and more than medium soil fertility is selected as the soil.
7. The method for designing and planting the stereoscopic spring flower landscape in the pear garden in the south of the Ji province as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fourth step, different kinds of landscape crops are reasonably densely planted and sowed in a proper amount; the sowing amount of the green landscape crops such as rye and triticale is 9-11 kg/mu 30 days before 9 months, and then the sowing amount is increased by 0.25 kg/mu every 1 d; the sowing quantity of the ryegrass is 1-1.5 kg/mu 30 days before 9 months, and the sowing quantity is increased by 0.025 kg/mu after 1d of sowing delay; the sowing amount of the orychophragmus violaceus is 1-1.3 kg/mu, and the sowing amount of the rape is 0.3-0.6 kg/mu; after seedling emergence, the plant density of the orychophragmus violaceus and the rape is ensured to be 4-6 ten thousand plants/mu, and thinning is timely when the density is too high.
8. The method for designing and planting the stereoscopic spring flower landscape in the pear garden in the south of the Ji province as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fourth step, when planting simple pattern landscapes among rows of the pear trees, firstly planting landscape crops in the patterns, and then planting the landscape crops serving as the bottom colors after seedlings are full; before planting landscape crops in the patterns, in order to prevent errors, the patterns are firstly marked on the ground among rows of the pear trees and then planted.
9. The method for designing and planting the stereoscopic spring flower landscape in the pear garden in the south of the Ji province as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fifth step, when the height of the gramineous grass is more than 30cm before 10 months and 5 days, mechanical or manual mowing is carried out, and the height of the left stubble is 8cm during mowing; after the orychophragmus violaceus and rape blooms, if aphid harm occurs, chemical control is carried out by using dimethoate missible oil, or biological control is carried out by using aphidiidae, green lacewing and the like.
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