CN107079766A - A kind of method for building decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community - Google Patents
A kind of method for building decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community Download PDFInfo
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- CN107079766A CN107079766A CN201710234602.7A CN201710234602A CN107079766A CN 107079766 A CN107079766 A CN 107079766A CN 201710234602 A CN201710234602 A CN 201710234602A CN 107079766 A CN107079766 A CN 107079766A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of the strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community in structure urban green space, comprise the following steps：Step one, by determining the heat absorption capacity that plant units blade unit area caloric receptivity, plant leaf area index obtain the canopy unit area coverage of ornamental plant；Step 2, powerful, functional medium and weak feature Three Estate are classified as according to the rising heat absorption capacity of ornamental plant；Step 3, by the ornamental plant in planting area composite plant, forms the mixed friendship phytobiocoenose of cladding.The phytobiocoenose includes vertical stratification and horizontal structure.Vertical stratification is divided into upper strata megaphanerophyte, middle level dungarunga and shrub and lower floor's herbaceous layer.Horizontal structure is mainly the planting density and horizontal distribution of shrub, arbor is relatively evenly scattered in phytobiocoenose.The present invention is laid out and plants configuration by rational plant space, can be effectively improved humiture environment around, improves human comfort, possesses good ecological and landscape recreation function.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of garden technology, and in particular to a kind of method of structure Garden Plant Community, more particularly to one
Plant the method for building decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community.
Background technology
Urban heat land effect (Urban heat island effect, UHI effect) is typical spy in urban climate
One of levy, refer to that city, because of the factor such as substantial amounts of artificial fever, building and road grade height heat storage and greenery patches reduction, is caused in city
The phenomenon of temperature in city's " high temperature ", city apparently higher than peripheral suburb.It has one stronger using downtown as heat island center
Current of warm air rise herein, and countryside overhead sinks for relatively cool air, so just forms each in outskirts of a town circulation, air
Pollutant is planted in the presence of this local circulation, city overhead is gathered in, if without very strong cold air, urban air is dirty
Dye will be aggravated, and the environment of human survival is destroyed, and causes the mankind to occur various diseases, or even cause death.Form urban heat island
The principal element of effect has city underlying surface, artificial heat, aqueous vapor influence, air pollution, greenery patches is reduced, population migrates etc. multi-party
The factor in face.
Urbanization is the major endogeneous for causing and aggravating urban heat island formation.Greenery patches in city, forest and water body subtract
It is also a chief reason less.With the quickening of Urbanization in China, the population increase in city, building in city,
Square and road etc. roll up, and greenery patches, water body etc. are corresponding to be reduced, and the ability for alleviating tropical island effect is weakened, urban heat island
Effect is more and more obvious.Urban heat land effect oneself develop into influence urban ecological environment and sustainable development from general Meteorological Problem
One of eight overall situation problems of exhibition.Although tropical island effect will not directly contribute great calamity as the natural calamities such as hurricane, heavy rain
Evil, but air, soil, the hydrology, biology, regional climate and the energy in city can be influenceed by changing the heat environment in city
Many ecological processes such as circulation, metabolism, and then trigger a series of ecological environment problems, its influence is many.
As the important composition unit in urban afforestation, Garden Plant Community plays important Ecosystem Service, tool
There is improvement miniclimate, maintain the Ecosystem Services such as ecological safety, regulation rain flood.Especially during the broiling summer, ornamental plant group
Falling can be by the physiological activity of plant itself heat, moisture and CO to group inside and surrounding enviroment2Exchange adjusted
Section, meanwhile, the branches and leaves of phytobiocoenose canopy structure composition can stop or absorb certain direct solar radiation and surrounding environment
Reflected radiation, and then the air themperature on periphery, increase relative humidity are reduced, regulation local environment micro climate is played, alleviates city
The effect of tropical island effect.Meanwhile, urban green space is also the main place that Residents carry out outdoor leisure activity, ornamental plant group
The space layout and configuration that fall affect the service condition in the greenery patches to a certain extent.But current Garden plant community
Or structure focus on its landscaping and view and admire the function of strolling about or have a rest, or focus on its Ecosystem Service Value, have ignored its behaviour
The original intention of class service.By the measurement and sequence to common Gardens species cooling in summer humidifying capacity, and investigation and analysis gardens
Influence of the structure of plant community to its decreasing temperature and increasing humidity ability, can effectively screen and build with stronger decreasing temperature and increasing humidity ability
Garden Plant Community, so that adjusting function of the urban green space phytobiocoenose to humiture environment around is given full play to, to improving city
City's microclimate environment, the place for providing summer outdoor leisure activity for Residents is significant.
Found by being retrieved to prior art, Qin Zhong, Li Zhandong, into imitative Yun Deng《5 kinds of Landscape Architecture in Beijing greenery patches phytobiocoenose
Cooling in summer humidification》(forest-science, 52 in 2016), Qin Jun, Wang Limian, Hu Yonghong etc. exist《Shanghai residential area flora
The cooling and humidifying effect fallen》(ecological and rural environment journal, 2009,25), Wang Yuqian, Li Bin《Different phytobiocoenoses are to north
The research of the warm and humid change influence in capital urban green space》(Shanxi architecture, 2016,42), Ma Yue, Huang Fang《Arbor greening slows down city
Tropical island effect pre-test》(agriculture in south:Landscape flower version, 2007,2) in all spoken of the architectural feature of phytobiocoenose to its summer
The influence of decreasing temperature and increasing humidity benefit；Lu Guiqiao, thank to precious member etc. and exist《The effect analysis of Daliang City's common green tree transpiration cooling》(river
Northern agriculture university's journal, 2006,2), Mo Jianbin, Wang Limian etc. exist《The rising decreasing temperature and increasing humidity ability of the common ornamental plant in District of Shanghai
Research》The difference between common Gardens species summer transpiration cooling has all been investigated in (Agriculture of Anhui science, 2007,30)
It is different.However, the studies above content is different from the present invention, the architectural feature or species composition for being all confined to phytobiocoenose drop to it
On the qualitative and quantitative description of warm humidification, do not provide one it is specific, system, complete, increase with higher cooling
The construction method of the Garden plant community system of wet ability.And city dweller is not accounted for Garden plant community
Leisure demand, in further retrieval, not yet find and the same or similar document report of present subject matter.
Therefore, those skilled in the art is directed to developing a kind of system, strong cooling complete, with operability
The construction method of the urban park plant Landscape system of humidifying capacity.
The content of the invention
In view of the drawbacks described above of prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art being given birth to urban green space
State, the demand of leisure function, improve city microclimate environment, meet the demand of Residents summer outdoor leisure, improve city
The ecological environment and landscape recreation function of green infrastructure.Community arrangement and its cooling in summer can be increased by providing one kind
Method that is wet to act on what is combined, building strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides a kind of method for building strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community, bag
Include following steps：
Step one, by determining, plant units blade unit area recepts the caloric, plant leaf area index obtains ornamental plant
Canopy unit area coverage heat absorption capacity, the rising heat absorption capacity of ornamental plant is measured and sorted, drop is filtered out
The stronger Gardens species of warm ability；
Step 2, powerful, functional medium and weak feature are classified as according to the rising heat absorption capacity of ornamental plant
Three Estate；
Step 3, by the ornamental plant in planting area composite plant, forms the mixed friendship phytobiocoenose of cladding；
Wherein, the powerful refers to strong rising heat absorption capacity, and the functional medium refers to medium rising heat absorption energy
Power, the weak feature refers to weak rising cooling capacity or landscape；
The cladding is mixed to hand over phytobiocoenose to include horizontal structure and vertical stratification, and the horizontal structure is mainly the kind of plant
Density in planting and distribution, it is ensured that the sight in sylvan life space and action are not limited completely, and people can walk wherein, the vertical stratification
It is divided into upper strata, middle level, lower floor；The upper, middle and lower are respectively provided with the feature of the strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity ability and excellent
Landscape effect.
Further, the heat absorption capacity of the canopy unit area coverage be proportional to blade unit area caloric receptivity with
The product of the leaf area index, product is bigger, and the heat absorption potentiality of plant canopy unit area coverage are also bigger.
Further, the upper strata of the phytobiocoenose vertical stratification is megaphanerophyte layer, including evergreen megaphanerophyte and fallen leaves are greatly
Arbor；Wherein, megaphanerophyte layer is interval plantation, the arbor with the powerful and landscape, and canopy coverge is 60%
~70%, leaf area index>2.5, arbor height>6 meters；
Further, the quantity ratio of the evergreen megaphanerophyte and fallen leaves megaphanerophyte is 3：2；With the powerful arbor
Quantity ratio with the landscape arbor is 4：1；
Further, the middle level of the phytobiocoenose vertical stratification is dungarunga and big shrub layer, including evergreen shrub
With fallen leaves shrub；Wherein, dungarunga and big shrub layer are planted for interval, the shrub with functional medium and landscape,
It highly it is 0.6~3 meter, canopy density are 25%~35%, evergreen shrub is 7 with fallen leaves shrub quantity ratio：3, feature is tall
Shrub is 3 with landscape shrub quantity ratio：2；
Further, the lower floor of the phytobiocoenose vertical stratification is herbaceous layer, including resistance to shady herbaceous plant；Canopy density are
Two or more in 90%~100%, including rochebrun by quantity equal proportion mixed planting etc.；
Further, the horizontal structure of the phytobiocoenose is mainly the planting density and horizontal distribution of shrub, wherein,
The planting density of upper strata megaphanerophyte is 3 plants~5 plants/100m2, trees spacing is 5m~6m；The planting density of middle level dungarunga is 4
Strain~8 plants/100m2, trees spacing is 3m~6m；The shrub coverage rate of group>100%, and shrub coverage rate control exist
25%~35%, with strip cropping on the ground.
Further, the ornamental plant of the powerful includes cinnamomum camphora, meaning poplar, beech tree, weeping willow, plane tree, goldenrain tree
Tree, Chinese tallow tree, bean pear, Quercus acutissima, tree-of-heaven, camplotheca acuminata, paulownia, blue or green paulownia etc.；
The ornamental plant of the functional medium includes wide yulan, glossy privet, Flos micheliae Albae, sweet osmanthus, the late cherry of Japan, great Ye
Piao, ginkgo, soapberry, oleander, Edgeworthia chrysantha, the rose of Sharon, Distylium racemosum, Chinese photinia etc.；
The weak feature, the ornamental plant of landscape include Acer palmatum, prunus cerasifera, acer monoes, diamondleaf persimmon root or branchlet, peach
Tree, hall crabapple flower, mahonia bealei, Fatsia japonica, spill golden peach jaurel, camellia, winged euonymus, cape jasmine, wintersweet, crape myrtle, cercis
Deng；
Further, the evergreen megaphanerophyte, including cinnamomum camphora, wide yulan, glossy privet etc.；
The fallen leaves megaphanerophyte, including meaning poplar, beech tree, camplotheca acuminata, Luan Shu, weeping willow etc.；
The landscape megaphanerophyte includes：Ginkgo, soapberry etc.；
The evergreen shrub, including Distylium racemosum, sweet osmanthus, Chinese photinia etc.；
The fallen leaves shrub, including Flos micheliae Albae, the late cherry of Japan, Chinese tallow tree etc.；
The landscape dungarunga includes：Prunus cerasifera, Acer palmatum, cercis, cape jasmine etc.；
In the better embodiment of the present invention, by the ornamental plant in growing area composite plant, the mixed friendship of cladding is formed
Phytobiocoenose, the cladding is mixed to hand over phytobiocoenose to include horizontal structure and vertical stratification, and the horizontal structure is mainly plant
Planting density and distribution, it is ensured that the sight in sylvan life space and action are not limited completely, and people can walk wherein, the vertical junction
Structure is divided into upper strata, middle level, lower floor；The upper, middle and lower are respectively provided with the feature of the strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity ability and excellent
Good landscape effect；
The upper strata of the phytobiocoenose vertical stratification be megaphanerophyte layer, including evergreen megaphanerophyte and fallen leaves megaphanerophyte；Wherein,
Megaphanerophyte layer is interval plantation, and the arbor with the powerful and landscape includes cinnamomum camphora, wide yulan, glossy privet, meaning poplar, beech
Tree, camplotheca acuminata, Luan Shu, weeping willow, ginkgo, soapberry, arbor canopy coverge are 60%~70%, leaf area index>2.5, arbor
Highly>6 meters, evergreen megaphanerophyte with fallen leaves megaphanerophyte quantity ratio be 3：2, the quantity ratio of powerful arbor and landscape arbor
For 4：1；
The middle level of the phytobiocoenose vertical stratification is dungarunga and big shrub layer, including evergreen shrub and fallen leaves are tall fills
Wood；Wherein, dungarunga and big shrub layer are planted for interval, the shrub with functional medium and landscape include Distylium racemosum,
Sweet osmanthus, Chinese photinia, Flos micheliae Albae, the late cherry of Japan, Chinese tallow tree, prunus cerasifera, Acer palmatum, cercis, cape jasmine, middle level dungarunga and big shrub height
For 0.6~3 meter, canopy density are 25%~35%, and evergreen shrub is 7 with fallen leaves shrub quantity ratio：3, feature shrub
It is 3 with landscape shrub quantity ratio：2；
The lower floor of the phytobiocoenose vertical stratification is herbaceous layer, including resistance to shady herbaceous plant；Canopy density be 90%~
Two or more in 100%, including rochebrun by quantity equal proportion mixed planting etc.；
The horizontal structure of the phytobiocoenose is mainly the planting density and horizontal distribution of shrub, wherein, upper strata great Qiao
The planting density of wood is 3 plants~5 plants/100m2, trees spacing is 5m~6m；The planting density of middle level dungarunga be 4 plants~8 plants/
100m2, trees spacing is 3m~6m；Ensure that arbor is relatively evenly scattered in phytobiocoenose, the shrub coverage rate of group>
100%, and the control of shrub coverage rate is 25%~35%, with strip cropping on the ground.
In the better embodiment of the present invention, the cladding is mixed to hand over phytobiocoenose to be square or rectangle.
In the better embodiment of the present invention, the upper strata, the middle level and the institute of the mixed friendship phytobiocoenose of the cladding
The equal proportion mixed planting for selecting two or more that there are the functional plants of same type in lower floor is stated, the feature is
The powerful, the functional medium or the weak feature.
It is by the detailed process that the ornamental plant is divided into Three Estate in the present invention：
First, representative Artificially transfering bezoar is chosen in urban garden and green space system, is investigated and screened by coenology
The frequency of occurrences is more than 10% 70 kinds of plants；
Second, blade unit area caloric receptivity, the leaf area index of above-mentioned 70 kinds of plants are determined, so as to obtain every kind of plant
Canopy unit area coverage caloric receptivity, the caloric receptivity of the canopy unit area coverage is proportional to the blade unit area
Caloric receptivity and the product of the leaf area index；
3rd, the ornamental plant is divided into by powerful according to the caloric receptivity of the canopy unit area coverage, medium
Feature and weak feature or landscape Three Estate.
The present invention always according to plant biotype, such as evergreen broad-leaved, broad leaved and deciduous broad leaved, evergreen needle, fallen leaves needle, fall
The indigenous plant of leaf, needle, selection adaptability and better resistance, by rational plant constitution ratio, progress has cooling concurrently
Moistening function and landscape function, the phytobiocoenose structure that the ecosystem is stable.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1st, strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community of the invention hands over phytobiocoenose for cladding is mixed, strongly fragrant with larger canopy
Degree of closing and leaf area index, its canopy branches and leaves (structure) can reflect or absorb most illumination, reduce the direct photograph to ground
Penetrate, it is possible to decrease city bare area temperature, increase humidity, and then have balance, slow well to the microclimate environment of group and its periphery
Solve the effect of Urban High Temperature.
2nd, strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community of the invention chooses representative people in urban landscaping
Work phytobiocoenose, can choose the ornamental plant of different suitable local environments according to different regions, then be sieved by Community Survey
The higher ornamental plant of applying frequency is selected, i.e., common afforestation shrub.Pass through the transpiration heat absorption of analytical unit leaf area
Amount and the leaf area index of plant, know the potential absorbing and cooling temperature ability of individual plantses, and then filter out the transpiration suction of summer individual plant
The stronger common ornamental plant species of heat energy power, the ornamental plant for being adapted to different regions carries out the structure of group, operation possibility
It is high.
3rd, strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community of the invention passes through to common Gardens species unit in urban green space
The measure of leaf area, leaf area index and individual plantses summer rising heat absorption capacity and calculating, and then obtain plant transpiration heat absorption
The classification (one-level powerful type, two grades of functional medium types and the weak functional form of three-level, landscape type) of ability.Meanwhile, the selection of seeds
With adaptability and the indigenous plant of better resistance, taken by the plant constitution of rational upper strata, middle level, the vertical stratification of lower floor
Match somebody with somebody, improve the decreasing temperature and increasing humidity ability of phytobiocoenose, the Community Ecology benefit of formation is stable.
4th, strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community of the invention is by filling the control of coverage rate to phytobiocoenose Qiao, and
The planting density and level distribution pattern of large and small arbor are rationally set so that the phytobiocoenose plays high decreasing temperature and increasing humidity in summer
While effect, the sight in its sylvan life space and action are not limited completely, and people can walk wherein, effectively play gardens
The leisure of phytobiocoenose and aesthetic of landscape function.
In summary, the strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community in the inventive method is by tall, filling, careless three layers of vertical stratification
Constitute, shrub coverage rate is controlled between 25~35%, and the planting density of large and small arbor is controlled in 3~5 plants/100m respectively2With
4~8 plants/100m2, and horizontal distribution is relatively uniform, its rational Distribution Pattern and plant collocation so that the phytobiocoenose is effective
The decreasing temperature and increasing humidity ability of group's decreasing temperature and increasing humidity ability, especially summer are improved, urban microclimate environment is preferably improved；Together
When, the present invention is by building the high decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type phytobiocoenose in community greenery patches, it is ensured that the sight in sylvan life space and action not by
Limit completely, people can walk wherein, providing outdoor leisure for Residents is strolled about or have a rest place, and ornamental plant has been played well
The leisure of group and aesthetic of landscape function；The strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community in the inventive method is set to have improvement weather concurrently
Environment and the function of landscape leisure.
The selection of seeds is with adaptability and resistance in the method for the strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community of present invention structure
Stronger indigenous plant, is arranged in pairs or groups by the plant of rational upper strata, middle level, the vertical stratification of lower floor, realizes phytobiocoenose
The ecological mutually coordination with landscape service function, reaches improvement Partial little climate environment, reduction Garden Greenland maintenance management cost, carries
Rise the multiple effect of urban green space landscape recreation function.Method is simple, and cost is relatively low, it is easy to build, suitable in each department and
Promoted in all kinds of community greenery patchess.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention builds theory structure plan (group's plane).
Fig. 2 is that the present invention builds theory structure elevation (group's facade).
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are elaborated below：The present embodiment is carried out lower premised on technical solution of the present invention
Implement, give detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following implementations
Example.
Embodiment 1：
The present embodiment 1 is implemented under the conditions of following implementation condition and technical requirements：
1. in Shanghai Huangpu District Rui Jin, Community Park has built the strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type ornamental plant of about 20 meters * 25 meters of many places
Group.
2. phytobiocoenose takes the mixed planting patterns handed over of cladding, point horizontal structure and vertical stratification, vertical stratification is divided into,
In, lower three layers, horizontal structure is mainly the planting density and horizontal distribution of plant.
3. phytobiocoenose upper strata：Megaphanerophyte, height>6 meters, canopy coverge 70%, leaf area index 3.58, evergreen great Qiao
Wood：Fallen leaves megaphanerophyte=3：2 (quantity ratios), feature megaphanerophyte：Landscape megaphanerophyte=4：1 (quantity ratio).The evergreen work(
Energy property megaphanerophyte, including：Cinnamomum camphora, wide yulan equal proportion mixed planting (quantity ratio)；Fallen leaves feature arbor, including：Beech tree, goldenrain tree
Set equal proportion mixed planting (quantity ratio)；Landscape megaphanerophyte includes：Ginkgo, soapberry equal proportion mixed planting (quantity ratio).
4. phytobiocoenose middle level：Dungarunga and shrub, highly at 0.6~3 meter, canopy density 35%, evergreen shrub：Fallen leaves
Shrub=7：3 (quantity ratios), functional plants：Landscape plant=3：2 (quantity ratios), the evergreen feature shrub,
Including：Distylium racemosum, Chinese photinia, oleander equal proportion mixed planting (quantity ratio)；Fallen leaves feature shrub, including：Flos micheliae Albae, Chinese tallow tree etc.
Ratio mixed planting (quantity ratio)；Landscape plant includes：Prunus cerasifera, Acer palmatum equal proportion mixed planting (quantity ratio).
5. phytobiocoenose lower floor：Herbaceous layer, resistance to shady herbaceous plant, canopy density are planted in the lower floor of whole phytobiocoenose
100%, the herbaceous plant includes the blue equal proportion mixed planting (quantity ratio) of Bermuda grass, green onion.
6. described in phytobiocoenose horizontal structure, the planting density of upper strata megaphanerophyte is 5 plants/100m2, tree spacing is 5m,
The planting density of middle level dungarunga is 8 plants/100m2, tree spacing is 3m, and arbor kind is relatively evenly scattered in phytobiocoenose,
The shrub coverage rate of group is 120%, shrub coverage rate 35%, with belt-like form plantation on the ground.
7. being designed more than, by investigation, Garden Plant Community of the invention can reduce city bare area temperature about 4.5
DEG C, increase humidity about 12.6%, be 1.5 times of the common Artificially transfering bezoar of adjacent domain equal area, played phytobiocoenose
Improve the function of periphery microclimate environment, and the sylvan life sight of the group and action are not limited completely, people can walk wherein.
Embodiment 2：
The present embodiment 2 is implemented under the conditions of following implementation condition and technical requirements：
1. in Minhang District, Shanghai shen city, Community Park has built the strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type ornamental plant of about 20 meters * 30 meters of many places
Group.
2. phytobiocoenose takes the mixed planting patterns handed over of cladding, point horizontal structure and vertical stratification, vertical stratification is divided into,
In, lower three layers, horizontal structure is mainly the planting density and horizontal distribution of plant.
3. phytobiocoenose upper strata：Megaphanerophyte, height>6 meters, canopy coverge 65%, leaf area index 3.30, evergreen Qiao
Wood：Deciduous tree=3：2 (quantity ratios), feature megaphanerophyte：Landscape megaphanerophyte=4：1 (quantity ratio).The evergreen function
Property megaphanerophyte, including：Cinnamomum camphora, glossy privet equal proportion mixed planting (quantity ratio)；Fallen leaves feature megaphanerophyte, including：Beech tree, goldenrain tree
Tree, blue or green paulownia equal proportion mixed planting (quantity ratio)；Landscape megaphanerophyte includes：Ginkgo, acer monoes equal proportion mixed planting (quantity
Than).
4. phytobiocoenose middle level：Dungarunga and shrub, highly at 0.6~3 meter, canopy density 30%, evergreen shrub：Fallen leaves
Shrub=7：3 (quantity ratios), functional plants：Landscape plant=3：2 (quantity ratios).The evergreen feature shrub,
Including：Distylium racemosum, sweet osmanthus, Chinese photinia equal proportion mixed planting (quantity ratio)；Fallen leaves feature shrub, including：Flos micheliae Albae, the late cherry of Japan
Equal proportion mixed planting (quantity ratio)；Landscape plant includes：Acer palmatum, cercis, cape jasmine etc..
5. phytobiocoenose lower floor：Herbaceous layer, resistance to shady herbaceous plant, canopy density are planted in the lower floor of whole phytobiocoenose
95%, the herbaceous plant includes Bermuda grass, green onion orchid, rochebrun equal proportion mixed planting (quantity ratio).
6. described in phytobiocoenose horizontal structure, the planting density of upper strata megaphanerophyte is 4 plants/100m2, setting spacing is
5.5m, the planting density of middle level dungarunga is 6 plants/100m2, tree spacing is 4.5m, is relatively evenly scattered in phytobiocoenose,
The shrub coverage rate 110% of group, shrub coverage rate 30%, with belt-like form plantation on the ground.
7. being designed more than, by investigation, Garden Plant Community of the invention can reduce city bare area temperature about 3.6
DEG C, increase humidity about 10.5%, be 1 times of the common Artificially transfering bezoar of adjacent domain equal area, played phytobiocoenose and changed
It is apt to the function of periphery microclimate environment, and the sylvan life sight of the group and action are not limited completely, people can walk wherein.
Embodiment 3：
The present embodiment 3 is implemented under the conditions of following implementation condition and technical requirements：
1. in Songjiang District in Shanghai City side, loose Community Park builds the strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type ornamental plant group of about 25 meters * 25 meters of many places
Fall.
2. phytobiocoenose takes the mixed planting patterns handed over of cladding, point horizontal structure and vertical stratification, vertical stratification is divided into,
In, lower three layers, horizontal structure is mainly the planting density and horizontal distribution of plant.
3. phytobiocoenose upper strata：Megaphanerophyte, height>6 meters, canopy coverge 60%, leaf area index 2.92, evergreen great Qiao
Wood：Fallen leaves megaphanerophyte=3：2 (quantity ratios), feature megaphanerophyte：Landscape megaphanerophyte=4：1 (quantity ratio).The evergreen work(
Energy property megaphanerophyte, including：Wide yulan, glossy privet equal proportion mixed planting (quantity ratio)；Fallen leaves feature megaphanerophyte, including：Luan Shu,
Piao Shu equal proportions mixed planting (quantity ratio)；Landscape megaphanerophyte, including：Ginkgo, acer monoes equal proportion mixed planting (quantity
Than).
4. phytobiocoenose middle level：Dungarunga and shrub, highly at 0.6~3 meter, canopy density 25%, evergreen shrub：Fallen leaves
Shrub=7：3 (quantity ratios), functional plants：Landscape plant=3：2 (quantity ratios).The evergreen feature shrub,
Including：Sweet osmanthus, Chinese photinia, oleander equal proportion mixed planting (quantity ratio)；Fallen leaves feature shrub, including：Japanese evening cherry, Chinese tallow tree,
Camellia equal proportion mixed planting (quantity ratio)；Landscape shrub, including：Acer palmatum, cercis, equal proportion mixed planting (quantity
Than).
5. phytobiocoenose lower floor：Herbaceous layer, resistance to shady herbaceous plant, canopy density are planted in the lower floor of whole phytobiocoenose
90%, the herbaceous plant includes Bermuda grass, rochebrun equal proportion mixed planting (quantity ratio).
6. described in phytobiocoenose horizontal structure, the planting density of upper strata megaphanerophyte is 3 plants/100m2, tree spacing is 6m,
The planting density of middle level dungarunga is 4 plants/100m2, tree spacing is 6m, is relatively evenly scattered in phytobiocoenose, group
Shrub coverage rate 100%, shrub coverage rate 25%, with belt-like form plantation on the ground.
7. being designed more than, by investigation, Garden Plant Community of the invention can reduce city bare area temperature about 2.8
DEG C, increase humidity about 6.8%, be 0.8 times of the common Artificially transfering bezoar of adjacent domain equal area, played phytobiocoenose and changed
It is apt to the function of periphery microclimate environment, and the sylvan life sight of the group and action are not limited completely, people can walk wherein.
1~3 couple of present invention does further comprehensive elaboration in conjunction with the embodiments：The urban green space Garden Plant Community of the present invention
It is made up of, due to its rational level distribution pattern and plant collocation mode, makes megaphanerophyte, dungarunga and shrub, three layers of draft
Obtain the phytobiocoenose summer high temperature period by canopy branches and leaves to the blocking of sunray, absorb and plant transpiration,
City bare area temperature and increase humidity are reduced, microclimate environment around is effectively improved, improved in human comfort, and the woods of group
Sight and action are not limited completely under activity space, sylvan life, and people can walk wherein, meet Residents outdoor leisure activity
Demand.The data of group's decreasing temperature and increasing humidity ability also indicate that the phytobiocoenose that the invention is proposed can effectively change in embodiment 1~3
Humiture environment around kind, improves human comfort.
In addition, the floristic selection is so that adaptive faculty is strong, the native soil of the rising heat absorption high efficiency of land area of one unit is planted
Based on thing, arranged in pairs or groups by rational quantitative proportion, form stable structure of plant community；Evergreen and fallen leaves, arbor and shrub, grass
This is mutually arranged in pairs or groups, and feature is mixed with landscape plant, while decreasing temperature and increasing humidity benefit is ensured, the landscape for improving phytobiocoenose is beautiful
Learn value.
Preferred embodiment of the invention described in detail above.It should be appreciated that one of ordinary skill in the art without
Need creative work just can make many modifications and variations according to the design of the present invention.Therefore, all technologies in the art
Personnel are available by logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment on the basis of existing technology under this invention's idea
Technical scheme, all should be in the protection domain being defined in the patent claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for building strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step one, the hat of ornamental plant is obtained by determining plant units blade unit area caloric receptivity, plant leaf area index
The heat absorption capacity of layer unit area coverage, is measured and sorts to the rising heat absorption capacity of ornamental plant, filter out cooling energy
The stronger Gardens species of power；
Step 2, powerful, functional medium and weak feature three are classified as according to the rising heat absorption capacity of ornamental plant
Grade；
Step 3, by the ornamental plant in planting area composite plant, forms the mixed friendship phytobiocoenose of cladding；
Wherein, the powerful refers to strong rising heat absorption capacity, and the functional medium refers to medium rising heat absorption capacity, institute
State weak feature and refer to weak rising cooling capacity or landscape；
The cladding is mixed to hand over phytobiocoenose to include horizontal structure and vertical stratification, and the plantation that the horizontal structure is mainly plant is close
Degree and distribution, it is ensured that the sight in sylvan life space and action are not limited completely, and people can walk wherein, and the vertical stratification is divided into
Upper strata, middle level, lower floor；The upper, middle and lower are respectively provided with the feature and excellent landscape of the strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity ability
Effect.
2. the method for strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community is built according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the canopy
The heat absorption capacity of unit area coverage is proportional to the blade unit area caloric receptivity and the product of the leaf area index.
3. the method for strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community is built according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the upper strata
For megaphanerophyte layer, including evergreen megaphanerophyte and fallen leaves megaphanerophyte；
Wherein, megaphanerophyte layer for interval plantation, the arbor with the powerful and landscape, canopy coverge be 60%~
70%, leaf area index>2.5, arbor height>6 meters.
4. the method for strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community is built according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described evergreen
The quantity ratio of megaphanerophyte and fallen leaves megaphanerophyte is 3：2；Quantity ratio with the powerful arbor Yu the landscape arbor
For 4：1.
5. the method for strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community is built according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the plant
The middle level of vertical structure of community be dungarunga and big shrub layer, including evergreen shrub and fallen leaves shrub；
Wherein, dungarunga and big shrub layer are planted for interval, and the shrub with functional medium and landscape is highly 0.6
~3 meters, canopy density are 25%~35%, and evergreen shrub is 7 with fallen leaves shrub quantity ratio：3, feature shrub and landscape
Property shrub quantity ratio be 3：2.
6. the method for strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community is built according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the plant
The lower floor of vertical structure of community is herbaceous layer, including resistance to shady herbaceous plant；Canopy density are 90%~100%.
7. the method for strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community is built according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the plant
The horizontal structure of group is mainly the planting density and horizontal distribution of shrub, wherein, the planting density of upper strata megaphanerophyte is 3 plants
~5 plants/100m2, trees spacing is 5m~6m；The planting density of middle level dungarunga is 4 plants~8 plants/100m2, trees spacing is 3m
~6m；The shrub coverage rate of group>100%, and the control of shrub coverage rate is 25%~35%.
8. building the method for strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community according to any one of claim 1 to 7, its feature exists
In the ornamental plant with the powerful includes cinnamomum camphora, meaning poplar, beech tree, weeping willow, plane tree, Luan Shu, Chinese tallow tree, beans
Pears, Quercus acutissima, tree-of-heaven, camplotheca acuminata, paulownia, blue or green paulownia；
The ornamental plant with the functional medium includes wide yulan, glossy privet, Flos micheliae Albae, sweet osmanthus, the late cherry of Japan, great Ye
Piao, ginkgo, soapberry, oleander, Edgeworthia chrysantha, the rose of Sharon, Distylium racemosum, Chinese photinia；
The ornamental plant with the weak feature or the landscape includes Acer palmatum, prunus cerasifera, acer monoes, crow
Persimmon, peach, hall crabapple flower, mahonia bealei, Fatsia japonica, spill golden peach jaurel, camellia, winged euonymus, cape jasmine, wintersweet, crape myrtle,
Cercis.
9. building the method for strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community according to any one of claim 1 to 7, its feature exists
In the cladding is mixed to hand over phytobiocoenose to be square or rectangle.
10. the method for strong decreasing temperature and increasing humidity type Garden Plant Community, its feature are built according to any one of claim 1 to 7
It is, selects two or more to have in the upper strata, the middle level and the lower floor of the mixed friendship phytobiocoenose of the cladding
The equal proportion mixed planting of the functional plants of same type, the feature is the powerful, the functional medium
Or the weak feature.
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| CN107711402A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-02-23 | 浙江诚邦园林股份有限公司 | A kind of landscape construction method of near-nature forest phytobiocoenose |
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| CN109691379A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-04-30 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of design method with the green plant humidification system of self-regulating function |
| CN110463503A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-11-19 | 南京林业大学 | A method of tourism type Rural Landscape substrate is constructed using edible plants |
| CN111802159A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-23 | 广州普邦园林股份有限公司 | Cooling and air-guiding type plant community in damp and hot area and construction method thereof |
| CN113079921A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-09 | 广东省生态气象中心（珠江三角洲环境气象预报预警中心） | Large-leaf-area three-dimensional community constructed by using south Asia tropical tree species and construction method thereof |
| CN113079921B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-04-05 | 广东省生态气象中心（珠江三角洲环境气象预报预警中心） | Large-leaf-area three-dimensional community constructed by using south Asia tropical tree species and construction method thereof |
| CN115136840A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-10-04 | 汇绿园林建设发展有限公司 | Plant community configuration device and method for ecological diversity of garden landscape |
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