CN108676988B - Method for preparing gradient nanocrystals of plate by pulse impact in cooperation with multidirectional rotary rolling - Google Patents
Method for preparing gradient nanocrystals of plate by pulse impact in cooperation with multidirectional rotary rolling Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000007709 nanocrystallization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
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- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
- C21D2201/03—Amorphous or microcrystalline structure
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing gradient nanocrystals of a plate by pulse impact in cooperation with multidirectional rotary rolling, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the high-strength steel striker impacts the surface of the metal plate in a high-frequency impulse type impact mode, and meanwhile, the impacted surface of the plate is subjected to rolling treatment in a rapid multi-direction rotating rolling mode, so that severe plastic deformation occurs on the surface layer of the plate, and the surface of the plate is induced to be nano-sized, and then the gradient nanocrystalline is prepared. The method has the advantages that (1) the surface nanocrystallization treatment period is short, the pulsating impact and the multidirectional rotating rolling are carried out simultaneously, and the operation period of firstly impacting and then rolling is greatly shortened. (2) The surface nanocrystallization effect is more remarkable, and under the synergistic effect of impact load and extrusion load, the accumulated plastic deformation of the surface layer of the metal material is increased, and the dynamic plastic flow of the surface layer of the material can be effectively enhanced. (3) The surface roughness of the material is reduced, and under the action of multi-directional rotary rolling, the plastic flow of the material can fill the convex parts of the surface of the material into the concave parts of the material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface strengthening and modification of metal materials, and particularly relates to a method for preparing gradient nanocrystals of a plate by using pulse impact in cooperation with multidirectional rotary rolling.
Background
In service environment, the failure of the metal material is mostly caused by the surface, and the fatigue, corrosion and abrasion of the material are sensitive to the surface structure and performance. In recent years, researches show that a gradient nanostructure layer with a certain thickness can be prepared on the surface layer of a metal material by a surface nanocrystallization technology, so that the overall mechanical property and the service behavior of the material are effectively improved. The surface nanocrystallization technology is one of material surface modification technologies, namely, various physical and chemical methods are adopted to promote the surface of a metal material to generate a nanometer-level crystal grain layer, and the surface performance of the material is greatly improved under the condition of not influencing the performance of a matrix. The surface nanocrystallization technology is an important branch of surface engineering and a foundation stone developed in advanced manufacturing industry, so that the surface nanocrystallization technology is widely concerned and paid attention to in academia and engineering.
At present, there are three main approaches to realize the surface nanocrystallization of metal materials: surface coating or deposition nanocrystallization, surface self-nanocrystallization, and hybrid nanocrystallization. The surface coating or deposition nanocrystallization is to solidify the prepared nano-scale particles on the surface of the metal material to form a surface layer with the same or different components of the matrix structure, and the common methods are CVD, PVD, sputtering, electroplating, electrolytic deposition and the like. The disadvantage of this method is that the nano-surface layer is not tightly bonded to the substrate. The common point of the two methods is that the non-equilibrium treatment method is adopted to increase the free energy of the surface of the metal material, so that the surface coarse crystal structure is gradually thinned to the nanometer level, the inside of the material still keeps the coarse crystal structure, and the size of the crystal grain structure is changed in a gradient manner along the depth direction of the material. Wherein, the nonequilibrium thermodynamic method comprises electron beam irradiation treatment method, explosion combined laser surface treatment method, etc.; the surface machining method includes a surface mechanical polishing method (SMAT), an ultrasonic shot blasting method (USSP), a high energy shot blasting method (HESP), a rapid multi-direction rotary rolling method (FMRR), and the like. The mixing mode is to combine the surface nano technology and chemical treatment to form solid solution or compound different from the matrix component. In the three treatment approaches, the surface self-nanocrystallization technology has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, easy realization and the like, the surface structure of the metal material subjected to surface self-nanocrystallization is compact and has the same components as the structure of the matrix, and peeling separation cannot occur.
In the surface self-nanocrystallization technology, a surface machining method is to cause severe plastic deformation to local areas of the surface layer of a metal material through impact load and extrusion load so as to refine a grain structure. Under impact loading, the material surface roughness can increase significantly, which is detrimental to the surface integrity of the material. Therefore, researchers have proposed reducing the surface roughness by rolling after impact. However, under compressive load, especially for conventional rolling techniques, the effect of nanocrystallization of the material surface is not significant without increasing the static pressure of the balls by a large amount. Therefore, the method for preparing the gradient nanocrystalline of the plate by the pulse impact in cooperation with the multidirectional rotary rolling is to perform the multidirectional rotary rolling under the action of the impact load, so that the accumulated plastic deformation of the surface layer of the material is increased, the dynamic plastic flow of the surface layer of the material can be effectively enhanced, and the surface nanocrystallization effect of the material is obviously improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the processing method of firstly impacting and then rolling is high in cost, long in period and complex in operation flow, and the surface nano effect of the traditional rolling technology is not obvious and the like, in the surface mechanical processing method of the metal material in the self-nano technology, the impact load can increase the surface roughness of the material, the method for preparing the gradient nano crystal of the plate by combining the pulsating impact with the multidirectional rotary rolling is capable of increasing the accumulated plastic deformation of the surface layer of the material and effectively enhancing the dynamic plastic flow of the surface layer of the material by combining the advantages of two loading modes when the impact load is acted and the multidirectional rotary rolling is carried out, so that the nano effect of the surface of the material is obviously improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for preparing gradient nanocrystals of a plate by pulse impact in cooperation with multidirectional rotary rolling is characterized by comprising the following steps: the high-strength steel striker impacts the surface of the metal plate in a high-frequency impulse type impact mode, and meanwhile, the impacted surface of the plate is subjected to rolling treatment in a rapid multi-direction rotating rolling mode, so that severe plastic deformation occurs on the surface layer of the plate, and the surface of the plate is induced to be nano-sized, and then the gradient nanocrystalline is prepared.
Further, the high strength steel striker has high strength and high hardness, and hardly deforms during impact with the surface of the metal plate.
Further, the metal plate is made of pure metal or alloy material.
Further, the pulsating impact frequency f of the striker is related to the moving speed vb of the sheet material and the diameter d of the striker, and f > vb/d.
Further, the speed vr (unit: rotation/second) of the rotary rolling is related to the pulse impact frequency f of the firing pin and the number m of the balls, and vr is larger than f/m.
Furthermore, the process of preparing the gradient nanocrystal is a dynamic loading process, and the strain rate of the material is more than 10^3s < -1 >.
Furthermore, the process of preparing the gradient nanocrystal is a process of self-nanocrystallization of the surface of the metal plate.
Further, the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) determining the traveling direction and route of the metal sheet: the plate is advanced along the length direction of the plate or the width direction of the plate; the traveling routes are parallel in the same direction or in S-shaped opposite directions.
(2) Determining the impulse impact frequency and impact rate of the striker: keeping the plate and the ball in a static state, adopting a firing pin to impact the plate, and adjusting the pulse impact frequency and the impact rate of the firing pin so as to enable the surface layer of the material to be nanocrystallized.
(3) Determining the rotation rate and the static pressure of the multidirectional rotary rolling: and keeping the plate and the firing pin in a static state, and adjusting the rotation speed and the static pressure of the rotary rolling so that the plate impacted by the firing pin is restored to be flat under the rolling action.
(4) Determining the travel rate of the sheet: the advancing speed of the plate is adjusted within a certain range, so that gradient nanocrystals uniformly distributed are generated on the surface layer of the plate.
(5) And according to the determined parameters, performing group number processing of pulse impact and multi-directional rotary rolling on the metal plate.
(6) And finishing the whole treatment process of combining the pulse impact and the multidirectional rotating and rolling.
The method has the advantages and effective effects that (1) the surface nanocrystallization treatment period is short, the pulsating impact and the multidirectional rotary rolling are carried out simultaneously, and the operation period of firstly impacting and then rolling is greatly shortened. (2) The surface nanocrystallization effect is more remarkable, and under the synergistic effect of impact load and extrusion load, the accumulated plastic deformation of the surface layer of the metal material is increased, and the dynamic plastic flow of the surface layer of the material can be effectively enhanced. (3) The surface roughness of the material is reduced, and under the action of multi-directional rotary rolling, the plastic flow of the material can fill the convex parts of the surface of the material into the concave parts of the material. (4) The refined gradient nanocrystals on the surface of the material are uniformly distributed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention with a simple structure.
FIG. 2 is a graph of equivalent plastic strain and refined grain size from a single impact at a striker impact rate of 3m/s according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of equivalent plastic strain and refined grain size resulting from a single roll with a 3mm ball depression after a single impact event according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph of equivalent plastic strain and refined grain size resulting from a 3mm ball depression after a single impact event and two rolls of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of equivalent plastic strain and refined grain size from a single impact at a striker impact rate of 5m/s according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph of equivalent plastic strain and refined grain size resulting from a single rolling of 5mm ball depression after a single impact event in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph of equivalent plastic strain and refined grain size resulting from a ball rolling down 5mm two times after a single impact event according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
The invention relates to a method for preparing gradient nanocrystals of a plate by pulse impact in cooperation with multidirectional rotating rolling, which comprises the following steps of: the impact power source drives the firing pin to impact the surface of the metal plate at a high speed, meanwhile, the impacted local area of the plate is subjected to multi-directional rotary rolling treatment, the surface layer of the plate is subjected to severe plastic deformation under the synergistic action of impact load and extrusion load, and then surface self-nanocrystallization is carried out, and the gradient nanocrystalline is prepared.
The striker adopted in the method has higher strength and hardness relative to the plate material, and the treated plate material is a metal or alloy material.
The main parameters to be adjusted for this method are: the pulsating impact frequency and impact rate of the striker, the rotational and static pressure of the multi-directional rotary rolling, and the rate of movement of the sheet material. The method comprises the steps of adjusting the pulsation impact frequency and the impact rate to enable the plate to be subjected to surface self-nanocrystallization under the impact load, adjusting the rotation rate and the static pressure of multidirectional rotary rolling to enable the plate to be subjected to surface self-nanocrystallization under the rolling action and reduce the surface roughness of the plate, and adjusting the moving rate of the plate to enable the prepared gradient nanocrystals to be uniformly distributed on the surface of the plate.
Example 1
(1) Keeping the plate stationary, adjusting the firing pin parameters (pulse impact frequency and impact rate): for example, the impact rate is 30m/s, the maximum equivalent plastic strain due to impact on AISI 4340 steel is 0.11, and the minimum grain size of the refinement is 258.8 μm, as shown in FIG. 2.
(2) Keeping the plate in a static state, and adjusting multidirectional rotary rolling parameters (rotation speed and static pressure): for example, the rotation speed is 5m/s, the ball is pressed for 3mm under the action of static pressure, the equivalent plastic strain and the grain refinement size of a single rolling impact area are shown in figure 3, and obviously, compared with the single impact working condition, the accumulated plastic deformation of the plate is increased under the synergistic action of the impact load and the rolling load, and the refined grain size is reduced.
(3) Keeping the plate in a static state, under the working conditions that the multidirectional rotating rolling parameter is that the rotating speed is 3m/s and the ball is pressed for 3mm, the equivalent plastic strain and the grain refinement size of the two-time rolling impact area are shown in fig. 4, and obviously, compared with the working condition of single-time rotating rolling, the equivalent plastic strain and the grain refinement size caused by two-time rotating rolling are further increased, and the refined grain size is further reduced.
(4) The moving speed of the plate is adjusted, so that the gradient nanocrystals on the surface layer of the target material are uniformly distributed.
Example 2
(1) Keeping the plate stationary, adjusting the firing pin parameters (pulse impact frequency and impact rate): for example, the impact rate is 50m/s, the equivalent plastic strain and the grain refinement size caused by impacting AISI 4340 steel are shown in FIG. 5, which is equivalent to the working condition that the impact rate is 30m/s, the equivalent plastic strain caused by the impact rate is increased, and the refined grain size is reduced.
(2) Keeping the plate in a static state, and adjusting multidirectional rotary rolling parameters (rotation speed and static pressure): for example, the rotation speed is 5m/s, the ball is pressed down by 5mm under the static pressure, the equivalent plastic strain and the grain refinement size of the single rolling impact area are shown in FIG. 6, and it is obvious that the plastic deformation caused by the ball being pressed down by 5mm is increased and the refined grain size is reduced relative to the working condition that the ball is pressed down by 3 mm.
(3) Keeping the plate in a static state, under the working conditions that the multidirectional rotating rolling parameter is that the rotating speed is 5m/s and the ball is pressed for 5mm, the equivalent plastic strain and the grain refinement size of the two-time rolling impact area are shown in fig. 7.
(4) The moving speed of the plate is adjusted, so that the gradient nanocrystals on the surface layer of the target material are uniformly distributed.
Claims (1)
1. A method for preparing gradient nanocrystals of a plate by pulse impact in cooperation with multidirectional rotary rolling is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a high-strength steel firing pin impacts the surface of a metal plate in a high-frequency pulse type impact mode, and meanwhile, a rapid multi-direction rotating rolling mode is adopted to roll the impacted surface of the plate, so that severe plastic deformation occurs on the surface layer of the plate, the surface of the plate is induced to be nano-sized, and gradient nano-crystals are prepared;
the high-strength steel striker has high strength and high hardness, and hardly deforms in the process of impacting the surface of a metal plate;
the metal plate is made of pure metal or alloy material;
the impulse impact frequency f of the firing pin is related to the moving speed vb of the sheet material and the diameter d of the firing pin, and f > vb/d;
the speed vr of the rotary rolling is related to the pulse impact frequency f of the firing pin and the number m of the balls, and vr is greater than f/m and vr (unit: rotation/second);
the process for preparing the gradient nanocrystalline is a dynamic loading process, and the strain rate of the material is 103s-1The above;
the process of preparing the gradient nanocrystalline is a process of self-nanocrystallization of the surface of the metal plate;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) determining the traveling direction and route of the metal sheet: the plate is advanced along the length direction of the plate or the width direction of the plate; the traveling route is parallel in the same direction or S-shaped in the opposite direction;
(2) determining the impulse impact frequency and impact rate of the striker: keeping the plate and the ball in a static state, adopting a firing pin to impact the plate, and adjusting the pulse impact frequency and the impact rate of the firing pin so as to enable the surface layer of the material to be nanocrystallized;
(3) determining the rotation rate and the static pressure of the multidirectional rotary rolling: keeping the plate and the firing pin in a static state, and adjusting the rotation speed and the static pressure of the rotary rolling so that the plate impacted by the firing pin is restored to be flat under the rolling action;
(4) determining the travel rate of the sheet: adjusting the advancing speed of the plate within a certain range to enable the surface layer of the plate to generate uniformly distributed gradient nanocrystals;
(5) according to the determined parameters, performing group number processing of pulse impact and multi-directional rotary rolling on the metal plate;
(6) and finishing the whole treatment process of combining the pulse impact and the multidirectional rotating and rolling.
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| CN109338256B (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2020-12-04 | 南京理工大学 | Preparation method for obtaining soft and hard heterogeneous layered metal sheet by utilizing local rolling |
| CN111363900B (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2021-11-16 | 陕西理工大学 | Mesoscale structure carbon steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN112322872B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-05-13 | 太原理工大学 | Device and method for preparing block nano structure/superfine crystal metal material |
| CN113560670B (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2023-03-10 | 燕山大学 | Electricity-assisted double-face plate grinding device |
| CN113817906B (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2024-04-26 | 安徽理工大学 | Hydraulic control automatic metal plate rolling device |
| CN114682628B (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2023-06-06 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for rolling treatment of bending compensation surface |
| CN114959219B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-05-26 | 安徽理工大学 | Ultrasonic shot peening strengthening device for long sheet test piece |
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Effective date of registration: 20230224 Address after: 232008 201, 301, 401, Building A-3, Zhenxing South Road Intelligent Equipment Manufacturing Industrial Park, Huainan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Anhui Province Patentee after: Anhui geruxin Intelligent Equipment Co.,Ltd. Address before: 232001 No. 168 Taifeng Street, Huainan City, Anhui Province Patentee before: Anhui University of Science and Technology |
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