CN106922605A - 一种土鸡的饲养方法 - Google Patents
一种土鸡的饲养方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106922605A CN106922605A CN201710053495.8A CN201710053495A CN106922605A CN 106922605 A CN106922605 A CN 106922605A CN 201710053495 A CN201710053495 A CN 201710053495A CN 106922605 A CN106922605 A CN 106922605A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种土鸡的饲养方法,属于土鸡养殖技术领域。所述饲养方法包括调节育雏期、育成期及产蛋期的饲养温度、湿度、光照及喂食方式。本发明饲养方法简单方便,通过合理的原料搭配,土鸡生长速度快,减少土鸡开产时发生堵蛋现象,产蛋率高,土鸡蛋的质量高,大幅提高土鸡的养殖效益,值得推广应用。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及土鸡养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种土鸡的饲养方法。
【背景技术】
土鸡是家禽的一种,有别于笼养的肉鸡,是指放养在山野林间、果园的鸡,土鸡具有耐粗饲、就巢性强和抗病力强等特性。土鸡肉质鲜美、蛋品质优良、营养丰富,含有丰富的蛋白质、氨基酸和胶质蛋白,其中还含有较多的微量元素和各种营养素,脂肪含量较低;土鸡蛋含有丰富的蛋白质、维生素和矿物质,故而更受消费者的青睐。
目前,土鸡饲养过程中,土鸡生育系统会出现紊乱,导致卵泡不成熟排出,进而容易导致母土鸡在开始产蛋时极易产生堵蛋现象,使得母土鸡生产出的鸡蛋质量不佳,严重影响土鸡蛋的产出率,而堵蛋现象严重的时候会出现母土鸡死亡的现象,给养殖户的经济效益造成严重损失。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的在于:针对上述存在的问题,本发明提供一种土鸡的饲养方法,具有土鸡生长速度快、产蛋率高及鸡蛋质量高的特点,土鸡的养殖效益高,值得推广应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种土鸡的饲养方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将育雏期的土鸡于30.5-33.5℃的笼舍中饲养,保证笼舍内湿度为64-68%,在育成后期,室内湿度降低至58%-60%;
(2)保证笼舍内充足光照,育雏期的每日光照时间为14-16h,主要于下午和夜间进行光照;育成期的每日光照时间为6-8h,主要于夜间进行光照;产蛋期间每日光照时间为12-14h,主要于下午和夜间进行光照,光照过程采用节能灯与紫外灯相间发出的光源进行照射;
(3)保证笼舍内通风与土鸡的饲养密度,育雏期的土鸡饲养密度为40-44只/平方米,雌雄比为2:1-2.4:1;育成期的土鸡饲养密度为30-35只/平方米,雌雄比为4:1-5:1;产蛋期的土鸡饲养密度为24-26只/平方米,雌雄比为10:1-15:1,在笼舍底部铺一层布,在笼子外铺一圈带有小孔的薄布;
(4)育雏期的土鸡每隔3-4h喂一次育成期饲料,共喂食5-6次;育成期的土鸡每隔1.5-2h喂一次育成期饲料,共喂食8-10次;所述育成期饲料包括以下重量份数的原料:玉米40-50份、花生饼25-35份、麦麸皮18-28份、草粉5-11份、牛肝粉1-5份、木瓜2-8份、泥鳅0.5-1.5份、硅藻土0.1-0.4份、麦芽糖0.2-0.5份、复合维生素0.2-0.4份及复合矿物质0.1-0.3份;
(5)在产蛋期间,维持笼舍内温度在24-28℃,并且每天播放3-5h的轻音乐;土鸡产蛋期间,每隔3-4h喂食一次产蛋期饲料,共喂食3-4次;所述产蛋期饲料主要包括以下原料:按重量份数计,玉米粉50-60份、花生饼25-35份、麦麸皮18-28份、草粉5-11份、荞麦粉3-9份、黑豆6-16份、牛肝粉1-5份、木瓜片2-8份、硅藻土0.1-0.4份、麦芽糖0.2-0.5份、硬脂酰乳酸钠0.05-0.15份、复合维生素0.3-0.7份、复合矿物质0.2-0.6份、蓝布正5-7份、女贞子3.5-5.5份、熟地黄1-2份、刺五加1.2-1.6份、补骨脂0.8-1.4份、五指毛0.5-0.7份、墨旱莲0.6-0.8份、延胡索0.3-0.5份、荠菜0.35-0.75份、三棱0.4-0.8份、小茴香0.5-0.9份、香附0.6-0.8份、穿山甲0.1-0.3份、茜草0.18-0.48份、叶象花0.21-0.42份及川牛膝0.15-0.35份;
(6)根据笼舍内的土鸡生长情况,及时清理粪便、笼舍消毒,确保笼舍内的温度和湿度合格。
在本发明中,进一步地,步骤(2)中,所述节能和紫外灯发出的光源距离地面2-2.2m,所述节能灯和紫外灯等间距布置于笼舍内的四周,所述节能灯和紫外灯之间间隔1-1.5m。
在本发明中,进一步地,步骤(4)或步骤(5)中,所述复合维生素由维生素C、泛酸、维生素B12、维生素6、维生素E、胆碱、维生素P及叶酸中的一种或多种组成,所述复合维生素为两种以上物质时,各物质间以相同的重量份数进行混合。
在本发明中,进一步地,步骤(4)或步骤(5)中,所述复合矿物质由钙元素、钾元素、锌元素、铁元素、碘元素、镁元素、锰元素及硒元素中的一种或多种组成,所述复合矿物质为两种以上物质时,各物质间以相同的重量份数进行混合。
在本发明中,进一步地,所述木瓜片为膨化木瓜片。
在本发明中,进一步地,步骤(5)中,所述产蛋期饲料的制备过程为:将花生饼、麦麸皮、黑豆、木瓜片、硅藻土粉碎拌匀,得到粉碎物;所述粉碎物与玉米粉、草粉、芥麦粉、牛肝粉、麦芽糖、硬脂酰乳酸钠、复合维生素及复合矿物质一起放入搅拌机中搅拌均匀,得到混合料备用;将蓝布正、女贞子、熟地黄、刺五加、补骨脂、五指毛、墨旱莲、延胡索、荠菜、三棱、小茴香、香附、穿山甲份、茜草、叶象花及川牛膝洗净、粉碎,得到粉碎物,加入水使液面高出粉碎物5-8cm,用大火煮沸,再用小火煎煮40-60min,滤去残渣,所得滤液进行真空冷冻干燥得到粉末,将所述粉末与所述混合料混合均匀即可。
本发明中,育成期饲料的玉米、花生饼、麦麸皮、草粉及芥麦可为土鸡提供丰富的植物蛋白,牛肝粉和泥鳅可为土鸡提供丰富的动物蛋白,还能改善饲料口感,增加土鸡食欲,与玉米、麦麸皮、草粉配合,可为土鸡提供充足而均衡的蛋白质;木瓜富含维生素和微量元素,能够有效提高机体免疫力,促进肠胃蠕动,调理肠胃;硅藻土能改善机体消化代谢,促进营养物质吸收,可节省饲料,提高饲料转换率;麦芽糖属双糖类,味甘、性微温,有粘性,有养颜生津、健脾益胃、润肺止咳、开胃除烦、润肠通便等功效,木瓜与硅藻土、麦芽糖结合能显著增强土鸡的生理性能,促进消化吸收;复合维生素为土鸡提供多种维生素成分,复合矿物质为土鸡提供多种矿物质成分,复合维生素、复合矿物质与玉米、麦麸皮、草粉、牛肝粉、泥鳅相结合,能为土鸡提供丰富的营养成分,促进土鸡的生长。
本发明中,产蛋期饲料的玉米粉、花生饼、麦麸皮、草粉及芥麦粉可为土鸡提供丰富的植物蛋白,且易于土鸡吸收,牛肝粉可为土鸡提供丰富的动物蛋白,还能改善饲料口感,增加土鸡食欲,与玉米粉、花生饼、麦麸皮、草粉及芥麦粉配合,可为土鸡提供更充足而均衡的蛋白质;黑豆营养丰富,含有蛋白质、脂肪、维生素、微量元素等多种营养成分,同时又具有多种生物活性物质,如黑豆色素、黑豆多糖和异黄酮等,能够提高机体对铁元素的吸收,又能够改善贫血症状;木瓜片富含维生素和微量元素,可促进肠胃蠕动,调理肠胃,经膨化后,更容易消化,口感更好,且营养元素流失也少;硅藻土能改善机体消化代谢,促进营养物质吸收,可节省饲料,提高饲料转换率;麦芽糖属双糖类,味甘、性微温,有粘性,有养颜生津、健脾益胃、润肺止咳、开胃除烦、润肠通便等功效;硬脂酰乳酸钠可使麦芽糖均匀分散在饲料中,使之与其他组分充分接触,增强与其他组分的配合作用,且硬脂酰乳酸钠有吸湿性,可使饲料吸湿,避免过于干燥噎到土鸡,硅藻土、麦芽糖与硬脂酰乳酸钠结合能显著增强土鸡的生理性能,进一步促进消化吸收;复合维生素为土鸡提供多种维生素成分,复合矿物质为土鸡提供多种矿物质成分,复合维生素、复合矿物质与玉米粉、花生饼、麦麸皮、草粉、芥麦粉、黑豆、牛肝粉、木瓜片相结合,能进一步为土鸡提供丰富的营养成分,进一步促进土鸡的生长发育。
进一步地,本发明饲养方法中添加的中草药的具体特性如下:
蓝布正:蓝布正(Gei Herba)为蔷薇科植物路边青或柔毛路边青的干燥全草性凉,味甘、微苦,归肝经、脾经、肺经。蓝布正含胡萝卜素、鞣质芳香苦味质、丁香油酚及水杨梅甙等成分,具有益气健脾、补血养阴、润肺化痰的功效,属补虚药下分类的补阴药;
女贞子:女贞子(Fructus Ligustri Lucidi)为木犀科植物女贞的成熟果实,性凉,味甘、苦,归肝经、肾经,女贞子主要活性成分为三萜类化合物,主要有齐墩果酸等,具有滋补肝肾、明目乌发的功效,属补虚药分类下的补阴药;
熟地黄:熟地黄(Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata)为玄参科植物地黄的新鲜块根,经加工蒸晒而成,性微温,味甘,归肝经、肾经。熟地黄中含葡萄糖、环烯醚萜及环烯醚萜甙等成分,具有补血滋阴、益精填髓的功效,属补虚药下分类的补血药;
刺五加:刺五加(Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix Et Rhizoma Seu Caulis)五加科植物刺五加的根及根皮,性温,味辛、微苦,归脾经、肾经、心经,刺五加主要含有多种糖苷,有类似人参根中皂苷的生理活性,具有益气健脾、补肾安神的功效,属补虚药下分类的补气药;
补骨脂:补骨脂(Psoraleae Fructus)豆科植物补骨脂的成熟果实性温,味辛、苦,归肾经、脾经,补骨脂主要含有补骨脂素和白芷素等,具有温肾助阳、纳气、止泻的功效,属补虚药下属分类的补阳药;能扩张冠状动脉,兴奋心脏,提高心脏功率;能收缩子宫及缩短出血时间,减少出血量;抗早孕和有雌激素样作用;
五指毛:五指毛(Radix Fici Hirtae)为桑科植物粗叶榕的根,性微温,味甘,归肺经、脾经、胃经、大肠经、肝经。五指毛含挥发油、氨基酸、糖类、甾类、香豆精、生物碱及有机酸等,具有益气健脾、祛痰平喘、行气化湿及舒筋活络的功效,属补虚药下属分类的补气药;
墨旱莲:墨旱莲(Ecliptae Herba)为菊科植物鳢肠的干燥地上部分,性寒,味甘、酸,归肾经、肝经。墨旱莲全草含皂甙、烟碱、鞣质及维生素A等成分,具有滋补肝肾、凉血止血的功效,属止血药下属分类的凉血止血药,同时还能有效抑制细菌生长、保护肝功能、增强机体免疫、止血及改善心血管系统功能的作用;
延胡索:延胡索(Corydalis Rhizoma)为罂粟科植物东北延胡索的块茎,性温,味辛、苦,归肝经、脾经。延胡索含20多种生物碱,如紫堇碱、异紫堇球碱及小檗碱等,具有活血散瘀、理气止痛的功效,属活血化瘀药下分类的活血止痛药,同时还具有镇痛、催眠、镇静、安定、抗惊厥及促进垂体分泌促肾上腺皮质激素的作用;
荠菜:荠菜(Herba Capsellae Bursa-Pastoris)为十字花科植物荠菜的干燥全草,性凉,味甘、淡,归肝经、脾经、膀胱经。荠菜含草酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、槲皮素-3-甲醚、香叶木苷等成分,具有凉肝止血、平肝明目及清热利湿的功效,属止血药下属分类的凉血止血药,能兴奋子宫、缩短凝血时间、及降低血压的作用,同时还能延长睡眠时间、解热、收缩小肠平滑肌等作用;
三棱:三棱(Sparganii Rhizoma)为黑三棱科植物黑三棱的块茎,性平,味辛、苦,归肝经、脾经。三棱块茎含挥发油,主要成分为苯乙醇、对苯二酚、十六酸等,具有破血行气、消积止痛的功效,属活血化瘀药下分类的破血消癥药,对子宫平滑肌呈兴奋作用,还对心脏有降低心肌细胞耗氧量、减少冠脉阻力、增加冠脉流量及改善心肌缺氧耐受力等作用;
小茴香:小茴香(Foeniculi Fructus)为伞形科植物茴香的果实,性温,味辛,归肝经、脾经、胃经、肾经。小茴香含挥发油、甾醇、三萜、香豆素和氨基酸等多种化合物,具有祛寒止痛、理气和胃、暖肾及散寒止痛的功效,属温里药;
香附:香附(Nutgrass Galingale Rhizome)为莎草科植物莎草Cyperus rotundusL.的根茎,性平,味辛、微苦、微甘。归肝经、三焦经含挥发油约1%,油中含有多种倍半萜及其氧化物行气解郁、调经止痛,属理气药,有显著的镇痛和解热作用;
穿山甲:穿山甲(Manis Squama)为鲮鲤科动物穿山甲的鳞甲性微寒,味咸,归肝经、胃经。穿山甲含硬脂酸、胆甾醇及大量的角蛋白等,具有通经下乳、消肿排脓、搜风通络的功效,属活血化瘀药下属分类的活血调经药;
茜草:茜草(Rubiae Radix Et Rhizoma)为茜草科植物茜草的根及根茎,性寒,味苦,归肝经。茜草主要含紫茜素、茜草色素等有效成分,具有凉血、止血、祛瘀及通经的功效,属止血药下分类的凉血止血药;
叶象花:叶象花(Herb of Paited Euphorbia)为大戟科植物猩猩草的干燥全草,性寒,味苦、涩,归肝经。叶象花含有Ⅳ-乙酰氨基半乳糖,具有凉血调经,散瘀消肿的功效,属止血药下属分类的温经止血药;
川牛膝:川牛膝(Cyathulae Radix)为苋科植物川牛膝的根,性平,味甘、微苦,归肝经、肾经。川牛膝含有含杯苋甾酮、阿魏酸、生物碱、牛膝多糖、β-蜕皮甾酮等甾体类化合物,具有逐瘀通经、通利关节及利尿通淋的功效,属活血化瘀药下属分类的活血调经药;
综上所述,采用上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明添加了16种中草药物质,蓝布正及女贞子作为君药具有滋阴补肾的功效,熟地黄、刺五加、补骨脂、五指毛及墨旱莲作为臣药协助补肾,延胡索、荠菜、三棱、小茴香及香附作为佐药能协助君药行气解郁、兴奋子宫,穿山甲、茜草、叶象花及川牛膝作为使药能够有效调和各药的作用,从而有效促进土鸡的发育以及卵泡的成熟与排出,减少土鸡生产时出现堵蛋现象,提高土鸡产蛋率及鸡蛋质量。
(2)本发明添加麦芽糖不但能够改善饲料的口感,而且能够有效促进土鸡的消化吸收,防止出现消化不良的现象,对于土鸡的快速生长具有重要作用。
(3)本发明采用节能灯与紫外灯相间的方法,能够为土鸡提供充足的光照,提高新陈代谢能力,降低生产成本,而且紫外灯具有一定的杀菌效果,能够有效增强土鸡生长环境的安全性,使得土鸡能够稳定、健康生长。
总之,本发明养殖方法,简单易行,绿色安全,能够促进土鸡快速生长,产蛋率高,生产得到的土鸡质量高,养殖效益高,具有很高的市场价值,值得推广应用。
【具体实施方式】
为了更好地理解本发明,下面用具体实例来详细说明本发明的技术方案,但是本发明并不局限于此。
实施例1
1.本实施例的育成期饲料包括以下重量份数的原料:
玉米40份、花生饼25份、麦麸皮18份、草粉5份、牛肝粉1份、木瓜2份、泥鳅0.5份、硅藻土0.1份、麦芽糖0.2份、复合维生素0.2份及复合矿物质0.1份;其中,所述复合维生素为维生素C;所述复合矿物质为钙元素。
2.本实施例的产蛋期饲料的制备:
A、按重量份数计,称取玉米粉50份、花生饼25份、麦麸皮18份、草粉5份、荞麦粉3份、黑豆6份、牛肝粉1份、木瓜片2份、硅藻土0.1份、麦芽糖0.2份、硬脂酰乳酸钠0.05份、复合维生素0.3份、复合矿物质0.2份、蓝布正5份、女贞子3.5份、熟地黄1份、刺五加1.2份、补骨脂0.8份、五指毛0.5份、墨旱莲0.6份、延胡索0.3份、荠菜0.35份、三棱0.4份、小茴香0.5份、香附0.6份、穿山甲0.1份、茜草0.18份、叶象花0.21份及川牛膝0.15份;其中,所述复合维生素为维生素C;所述复合矿物质为钙元素;所述木瓜片为膨化木瓜片;
B、将花生饼、麦麸皮、黑豆、木瓜片、硅藻土粉碎拌匀,得到粉碎物备用;
C、将玉米粉、草粉、芥麦粉、牛肝粉、麦芽糖、硬脂酰乳酸钠、复合维生素及复合矿物质一起放入搅拌机中搅拌均匀,得到混合料备用;
D、将蓝布正、女贞子、熟地黄、刺五加、补骨脂、五指毛、墨旱莲、延胡索、荠菜、三棱、小茴香、香附、穿山甲份、茜草、叶象花、川牛膝洗净、粉碎,得到粉碎物,加入水使液面高出粉碎物5cm,用大火煮沸,再用小火煎煮40min,滤去残渣,所得滤液进行真空冷冻干燥得到粉末备用;
E、将步骤B、C、D所得的备用物混合均匀即可。
3.将上述制备得到的饲料用在本实施例的土鸡的饲养方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将育雏期的土鸡于30.5℃的笼舍中饲养,保证笼舍内湿度为64%,在育成后期,室内湿度降低至58%;
(2)保证笼舍内充足光照,育雏期的每日光照时间为14h,主要于下午和夜间进行光照;育成期的每日光照时间为6h,主要于夜间进行光照;产蛋期间每日光照时间为12h,主要于下午和夜间进行光照,光照过程采用节能灯与紫外灯相间发出的光源进行照射;其中,所述节能和紫外灯发出的光源距离地面2m,所述节能灯和紫外灯等间距布置于笼舍内的四周,所述节能灯和紫外灯之间间隔1m;
(3)保证笼舍内通风与土鸡的饲养密度,育雏期的土鸡饲养密度为40只/平方米,雌雄比为2:1;育成期的土鸡饲养密度为30只/平方米,雌雄比为4:1;产蛋期的土鸡饲养密度为24只/平方米,雌雄比为10:1,在笼舍底部铺一层布,在笼子外铺一圈带有小孔的薄布;
(4)育雏期的土鸡每隔3h喂一次育成期饲料,共喂食5次;育成期的土鸡每隔1.5h喂一次育成期饲料,共喂食8次;;
(5)在产蛋期间,维持笼舍内温度在24℃,并且每天播放3h的轻音乐;土鸡产蛋期间,每隔3h喂食一次产蛋期饲料,共喂食3次;
(6)根据笼舍内的土鸡生长情况,及时清理粪便、笼舍消毒,确保笼舍内的温度和湿度合格。
实施例2
1.本实施例的育成期饲料包括以下重量份数的原料:
玉米50份、花生饼35份、麦麸皮28份、草粉11份、牛肝粉5份、木瓜8份、泥鳅1.5份、硅藻土0.4份、麦芽糖0.5份、复合维生素0.4份及复合矿物质0.3份;其中,所述复合维生素由维生素C、泛酸及维生素B12组成,各物质间以相同的重量份数进行混合;所述复合矿物质由钙元素、钾元素及锌元素组成,各物质间以相同的重量份数进行混合;
2.本实施例的产蛋期饲料的制备:
A、按重量份数计,称取玉米粉60份、花生饼35份、麦麸皮28份、草粉11份、荞麦粉9份、黑豆16份、牛肝粉5份、木瓜片8份、硅藻土0.4份、麦芽糖0.5份、硬脂酰乳酸钠0.15份、复合维生素0.7份、复合矿物质0.6份、蓝布正7份、女贞子5.5份、熟地黄2份、刺五加1.6份、补骨脂1.4份、五指毛0.7份、墨旱莲0.8份、延胡索0.5份、荠菜0.75份、三棱0.8份、小茴香0.9份、香附0.8份、穿山甲0.3份、茜草0.48份、叶象花0.42份、川牛膝0.35份;其中,所述复合维生素由维生素C、泛酸及维生素B12组成,各物质间以相同的重量份数进行混合;所述复合矿物质由钙元素、钾元素及锌元素组成,各物质间以相同的重量份数进行混合;所述木瓜片为膨化木瓜片;
B、将花生饼、麦麸皮、黑豆、木瓜片、硅藻土粉碎拌匀,得到粉碎物备用;
C、将玉米粉、草粉、芥麦粉、牛肝粉、麦芽糖、硬脂酰乳酸钠、复合维生素及复合矿物质一起放入搅拌机中搅拌均匀,得到混合料备用;
D、将蓝布正、女贞子、熟地黄、刺五加、补骨脂、五指毛、墨旱莲、延胡索、荠菜、三棱、小茴香、香附、穿山甲份、茜草、叶象花及川牛膝洗净、粉碎,得到粉碎物,加入水使液面高出粉碎物8cm,用大火煮沸,再用小火煎煮60min,滤去残渣,所得滤液进行真空冷冻干燥得到粉末备用;
E、将步骤B、C、D所得的备用物混合均匀即可。
3.将上述制备得到的饲料用在本实施例的土鸡的饲养方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将育雏期的土鸡于33.5℃的笼舍中饲养,保证笼舍内湿度为64-68%,在育成后期,室内湿度降低至60%;
(2)保证笼舍内充足光照,育雏期的每日光照时间为16h,主要于下午和夜间进行光照;育成期的每日光照时间为8h,主要于夜间进行光照;产蛋期间每日光照时间为14h,主要于下午和夜间进行光照,光照过程采用节能灯与紫外灯相间发出的光源进行照射;其中,所述节能和紫外灯发出的光源距离地面2.2m,所述节能灯和紫外灯等间距布置于笼舍内的四周,所述节能灯和紫外灯之间间隔1.5m;
(3)保证笼舍内通风与土鸡的饲养密度,育雏期的土鸡饲养密度为44只/平方米,雌雄比为2.4:1;育成期的土鸡饲养密度为35只/平方米,雌雄比为5:1;产蛋期的土鸡饲养密度为26只/平方米,雌雄比为15:1,在笼舍底部铺一层布,在笼子外铺一圈带有小孔的薄布;
(4)育雏期的土鸡每隔4h喂一次育成期饲料,共喂食6次;育成期的土鸡每隔2h喂一次育成期饲料,共喂食10次;
(5)在产蛋期间,维持笼舍内温度在28℃,并且每天播放5h的轻音乐;土鸡产蛋期间,每隔4h喂食一次产蛋期饲料,共喂食4次;
(6)根据笼舍内的土鸡生长情况,及时清理粪便、笼舍消毒,确保笼舍内的温度和湿度合格。
实施例3
1.本实施例的育成期饲料包括以下重量份数的原料:
玉米45份、花生饼30份、麦麸皮23份、草粉8份、牛肝粉3份、木瓜5份、泥鳅1份、硅藻土0.3份、麦芽糖0.4份、复合维生素0.3份及复合矿物质0.2份;其中,所述复合维生素由胆碱及叶酸组成,各物质间以相同的重量份数进行混合;所述复合矿物质由铁元素、碘元素、镁元素、锰元素及硒元素组成,各物质间以相同的重量份数进行混合;
2.本实施例的产蛋期饲料的制备:
A、按重量份数计,称取玉米粉55份、花生饼30份、麦麸皮23份、草粉8份、荞麦粉6份、黑豆11份、牛肝粉3份、木瓜片5份、硅藻土0.3份、麦芽糖0.4份、硬脂酰乳酸钠0.1份、复合维生素0.5份、复合矿物质0.4份、蓝布正6份、女贞子4.5份、熟地黄1.5份、刺五加1.4份、补骨脂1.1份、五指毛0.6份、墨旱莲0.7份、延胡索0.4份、荠菜0.55份、三棱0.6份、小茴香0.7份、香附0.7份、穿山甲0.2份、茜草0.33份、叶象花0.32份及川牛膝0.25份;其中,所述复合维生素由胆碱及叶酸组成,各物质间以相同的重量份数进行混合;所述复合矿物质由铁元素、碘元素、镁元素、锰元素及硒元素组成,各物质间以相同的重量份数进行混合;所述木瓜片为膨化木瓜片;
B、将花生饼、麦麸皮、黑豆、木瓜片、硅藻土粉碎拌匀,得到粉碎物备用;
C、将玉米粉、草粉、芥麦粉、牛肝粉、麦芽糖、硬脂酰乳酸钠、复合维生素及复合矿物质一起放入搅拌机中搅拌均匀,得到混合料备用;
D、将蓝布正、女贞子、熟地黄、刺五加、补骨脂、五指毛、墨旱莲、延胡索、荠菜、三棱、小茴香、香附、穿山甲份、茜草、叶象花、川牛膝洗净、粉碎,得到粉碎物,加入水使液面高出粉碎物6.5cm,用大火煮沸,再用小火煎煮50min,滤去残渣,所得滤液进行真空冷冻干燥得到粉末备用;
E、将步骤B、C、D所得的备用物混合均匀即可。
3.将上述制备得到的饲料用在本实施例的土鸡的饲养方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将育雏期的土鸡于32℃的笼舍中饲养,保证笼舍内湿度为66%,在育成后期,室内湿度降低至59%;
(2)保证笼舍内充足光照,育雏期的每日光照时间为15h,主要于下午和夜间进行光照;育成期的每日光照时间为7h,主要于夜间进行光照;产蛋期间每日光照时间为13h,主要于下午和夜间进行光照,光照过程采用节能灯与紫外灯相间发出的光源进行照射;其中,所述节能和紫外灯发出的光源距离地面2.1m,所述节能灯和紫外灯等间距布置于笼舍内的四周,所述节能灯和紫外灯之间间隔1.25m;
(3)保证笼舍内通风与土鸡的饲养密度,育雏期的土鸡饲养密度为42只/平方米,雌雄比为2.2:1;育成期的土鸡饲养密度为33只/平方米,雌雄比为5:1;产蛋期的土鸡饲养密度为25只/平方米,雌雄比为13:1,在笼舍底部铺一层布,在笼子外铺一圈带有小孔的薄布;
(4)育雏期的土鸡每隔4h喂一次育成期饲料,共喂食6次;育成期的土鸡每隔2h喂一次育成期饲料,共喂食9次;
(5)在产蛋期间,维持笼舍内温度在26℃,并且每天播放4h的轻音乐;土鸡产蛋期间,每隔4h喂食一次产蛋期饲料,共喂食4次;
(6)根据笼舍内的土鸡生长情况,及时清理粪便、笼舍消毒,确保笼舍内的温度和湿度合格。
对比例1
对比例1采用现有技术中的普通土鸡饲养方法。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例3基本相同,区别在于:对比例2未添加麦芽糖进行饲养。
对比例3
对比例3与实施例3基本相同,区别在于:对比例3未添加16种中草药物质进行饲养。
对比例4
对比例4与实施例3基本相同,区别在于:对比例4未使用紫外灯进行照射。
效果验证
为了进一步说明本发明饲养方法的推广应用价值,分别采用实施例和对比例的饲养方法饲养陆川本地土鸡,饲养期间观察和分析不同饲养方法的饲养效果,不同饲养方法的饲养效果如表1所示:
表1 不同饲养方法的饲养效果
从表1可以看出,与对比例1相比,用实施例的饲养方法饲养陆川土鸡,在开产期相同的土鸡数的基础下,实施例方法饲养的土鸡因堵蛋而胀死的数量更低,胀死率更低,而且产蛋率高达99%以上,观察土鸡的生长过程可发现,土鸡生长环境良好,活泼好动,食欲较好,基本没有出现患病的现象,说明本发明饲养方法能促进土鸡健康、快速生长,促进土鸡的发育以及卵泡的成熟与排出,减少土鸡生产时出现堵蛋现象,提高土鸡产蛋率及鸡蛋质量;对比例2、3、4的土鸡的胀死率均明显较高,产蛋率均较低,说明麦芽糖、16种中草药物质及使用紫外灯进行照射均能起到相互配合的作用,可以明显降低土鸡的胀死率,提高土鸡的产蛋率。
据此可以判断,本发明养殖方法,简单易行,绿色安全,土鸡生长环境良好,促使土鸡能够健康、快速生长,产蛋率高,生产得到的土鸡质量高,减少了土鸡生产时出现堵蛋现象,养殖效益高,具有很高的市场价值,值得推广应用。
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明,但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围,凡本发明所提示的技术精神下所完成的同等变化或修饰变更,均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种土鸡的饲养方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将育雏期的土鸡于30.5-33.5℃的笼舍中饲养,保证笼舍内湿度为64-68%,在育成后期,室内湿度降低至58%-60%;
(2)保证笼舍内充足光照,育雏期的每日光照时间为14-16h,主要于下午和夜间进行光照;育成期的每日光照时间为6-8h,主要于夜间进行光照;产蛋期间每日光照时间为12-14h,主要于下午和夜间进行光照,光照过程采用节能灯与紫外灯相间发出的光源进行照射;
(3)保证笼舍内通风与土鸡的饲养密度,育雏期的土鸡饲养密度为40-44只/平方米,雌雄比为2:1-2.4:1;育成期的土鸡饲养密度为30-35只/平方米,雌雄比为4:1-5:1;产蛋期的土鸡饲养密度为24-26只/平方米,雌雄比为10:1-15:1,在笼舍底部铺一层布,在笼子外铺一圈带有小孔的薄布;
(4)育雏期的土鸡每隔3-4h喂一次育成期饲料,共喂食5-6次;育成期的土鸡每隔1.5-2h喂一次育成期饲料,共喂食8-10次;所述育成期饲料包括以下重量份数的原料:玉米40-50份、花生饼25-35份、麦麸皮18-28份、草粉5-11份、牛肝粉1-5份、木瓜2-8份、泥鳅0.5-1.5份、硅藻土0.1-0.4份、麦芽糖0.2-0.5份、复合维生素0.2-0.4份、复合矿物质0.1-0.3份及食盐1-2份;
(5)在产蛋期间,维持笼舍内温度在24-28℃,并且每天播放3-5h的轻音乐;土鸡产蛋期间,每隔3-4h喂食一次产蛋期饲料,共喂食3-4次;所述产蛋期饲料主要包括以下原料:按重量份数计,玉米粉50-60份、花生饼25-35份、麦麸皮18-28份、草粉5-11份、荞麦粉3-9份、黑豆6-16份、牛肝粉1-5份、木瓜片2-8份、硅藻土0.1-0.4份、麦芽糖0.2-0.5份、硬脂酰乳酸钠0.05-0.15份、复合维生素0.3-0.7份、复合矿物质0.2-0.6份、蓝布正5-7份、女贞子3.5-5.5份、熟地黄1-2份、刺五加1.2-1.6份、补骨脂0.8-1.4份、五指毛0.5-0.7份、墨旱莲0.6-0.8份、延胡索0.3-0.5份、荠菜0.35-0.75份、三棱0.4-0.8份、小茴香0.5-0.9份、香附0.6-0.8份、穿山甲0.1-0.3份、茜草0.18-0.48份、叶象花0.21-0.42份及川牛膝0.15-0.35份;
(6)根据笼舍内的土鸡生长情况,及时清理粪便、笼舍消毒,确保笼舍内的温度和湿度合格。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种土鸡的饲养方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,所述节能和紫外灯发出的光源距离地面2-2.2m,所述节能灯和紫外灯等间距布置于笼舍内的四周,所述节能灯和紫外灯之间间隔1-1.5m。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种土鸡的饲养方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)或步骤(5)中,所述复合维生素由维生素C、泛酸、维生素B12、维生素6、维生素E、胆碱、维生素P及叶酸中的一种或多种组成,所述复合维生素为两种以上物质时,各物质间以相同的重量份数进行混合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种土鸡的饲养方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)或步骤(5)中,所述复合矿物质由钙元素、钾元素、锌元素、铁元素、碘元素、镁元素、锰元素及硒元素中的一种或多种组成,所述复合矿物质为两种以上物质时,各物质间以相同的重量份数进行混合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种土鸡的饲养方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中,所述木瓜片为膨化木瓜片。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种土鸡的饲养方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中,所述产蛋期饲料的制备过程为:将花生饼、麦麸皮、黑豆、木瓜片、硅藻土粉碎拌匀,得到粉碎物;所述粉碎物与玉米粉、草粉、芥麦粉、牛肝粉、麦芽糖、硬脂酰乳酸钠、复合维生素及复合矿物质一起放入搅拌机中搅拌均匀,得到混合料备用;将蓝布正、女贞子、熟地黄、刺五加、补骨脂、五指毛、墨旱莲、延胡索、荠菜、三棱、小茴香、香附、穿山甲份、茜草、叶象花及川牛膝洗净、粉碎,得到粉碎物,加入水使液面高出粉碎物5-8cm,用大火煮沸,再用小火煎煮40-60min,滤去残渣,所得滤液进行真空冷冻干燥得到粉末,将所述粉末与所述混合料混合均匀即可。
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