CN106498710A - 具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维及其制备方法 - Google Patents
具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明是关于一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维及其制备方法，其制备方法包括：1)将5‑30wt％胶黏剂、0.5‑40wt％吸波剂和50‑90wt％水混合，加入分散剂，搅拌均匀，得到吸波浆料；2)将纤维浸入所述吸波浆料，搅拌，取出干燥，得到具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维；其中，所述的纤维为有机或无机纤维。本发明具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维制备方法简单，具有更宽的吸波带宽及更强的吸波效能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纤维及其制备方法，特别是涉及一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着科学技术的快速发展，以及电子、电气设备越来越广泛的应用于通信、工业、科研、医疗以及广播等诸多领域，人类的居住环境和工作环境几乎被电子、电器及通讯设备所包围，这些设备工作时产生的电磁辐射导致空间电磁环境日益恶化，电磁辐射污染已经成为一种存在巨大潜在危害的新型污染。吸波材料是可以通过能量转化或干涉作用等将电磁能转化为热能损耗掉的一种功能材料，不仅仅应用于军事领域，在抗干扰、环境保护以及人体保护等领域也应用广泛。
在吸波材料研究中钢纤维、铁纤维以及碳纤维等导电纤维应用比较广泛，但由于强导电性纤维之间易相互搭接形成发达导电网，增强对电磁波的反射作用，此类吸波材料在2-18GHz频率范围内的反射率一般都难以达到-10dB的水平，或者只在很窄的频率范围内达到反射率小于-10dB的吸波效果，吸波性能差。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于，提供一种新型的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维及其制备方法，所要解决的技术问题是使其制备的纤维吸波性能好，吸收频带宽，从而更加适于实用。
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题是采用以下技术方案来实现的。依据本发明提出的一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的制备方法，其包括：
1)将5-30wt％胶黏剂、0.5-40wt％吸波剂和50-90wt％水混合，加入分散剂，搅拌均匀，得到吸波浆料；
2)将纤维浸入所述吸波浆料，搅拌，取出干燥，得到具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维；
其中，所述的纤维为有机或无机纤维。
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题还可采用以下技术措施进一步实现。
优选的，前述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的制备方法，其中所述的分散剂与吸波剂的重量比为1:10-200。
优选的，前述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的制备方法，其中所述的胶黏剂为水溶性胶黏剂。
优选的，前述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的制备方法，其中所述的吸波剂为纳米石墨粉、纳米碳黑、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化锰、纳米铁氧体粉和纳米金属粉中的至少一种。
优选的，前述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的制备方法，其中所述的纤维的长度为1-50mm。
优选的，前述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的制备方法，其中所述的纤维为聚丙烯纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、聚氯乙烯纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维或矿物棉纤维。
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题还采用以下的技术方案来实现。依据本发明提出的一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维，由上述方法制备而成。
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题还可采用以下技术措施进一步实现。
优选的，前述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维，其中所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的最小反射率为-28.6～-11.6dB。
优选的，前述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维，其中所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维反射率低于-5dB的频宽为7.9-15.4GHz。
借由上述技术方案，本发明具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维及其制备方法至少具有下列优点：
1)本发明具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维及其制备方法采用有机或无机纤维，具有较低的介电常数和较好的透波性质，将其填充在基体材料中能够有效改善材料的电磁波透过性；纤维表面进行介电材料包覆后会形成介电损耗层，不易形成发达的导电网络影响电磁波入射；此外，介电层与纤维形成的谐振腔会对电磁波产生谐振效应，同时电磁波会在各个纤维表面介电层之间发生多次反射，实现吸波性能的提升，本发明制备的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维具有更宽的吸波带宽、更强的吸波效能；
2)本发明通过将纤维在吸波浆料中直接浸泡的方式制备吸波纤维，制备方法简单，原料价格低廉；
3)本发明具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维可以填充在不同的基体材料中来制备吸波材料，不仅可以保持纤维材料在增强力学性能上的优势，还可以获得优良的吸波性能。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，并可依照说明书的内容予以实施，以下以本发明的较佳实施例详细说明如后。
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效,以下结合较佳实施例，对依据本发明提出的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维及其制备方法其具体实施方式、结构、特征及其功效，详细说明如后。在下述说明中，不同的“一实施例”或“实施例”指的不一定是同一实施例。此外，一或多个实施例中的特定特征、结构、或特点可由任何合适形式组合。
本发明的一个实施例提出的一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的制备方法，其包括：
1)将5-30wt％胶黏剂、0.5-40wt％吸波剂和50-90wt％水混合，加入分散剂，搅拌均匀，得到吸波浆料；
2)将纤维浸入所述吸波浆料，搅拌，取出干燥，得到具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维；
其中，所述的纤维为有机或无机纤维，为聚丙烯纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、聚氯乙烯纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维或矿物棉纤维，长度为1-50mm。有机或无机纤维具有较低的介电常数和较好的透波性质，将其填充在基体材料中能够有效改善材料的电磁波透过性；纤维表面进行介电材料包覆后会形成介电损耗层，不易形成发达的导电网络影响电磁波入射；此外，介电层与纤维形成的谐振腔会对电磁波产生谐振效应，同时电磁波会在各个纤维表面介电层之间发生多次反射，实现吸波性能的提升。
优选的，分散剂与吸波剂的重量比为1:10-200。分散剂为A4080、A4050等常规分散剂，使吸波剂分散均匀。
优选的，胶黏剂为水溶性胶黏剂，包括聚乙烯醇、硅酸钠、苯丙乳液等。
优选的，吸波剂为纳米石墨粉、纳米碳黑、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化锰、纳米铁氧体粉和纳米金属粉中的至少一种。
较佳的，本发明的另一实施例提出一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维，由上述方法制备而成，最小反射率为-28.6～-11.6dB，反射率低于-5dB的频宽为7.9-15.4GHz。
实施例1
本发明的一个实施例提出的一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的制备方法，其包括：
1)将9.5wt％胶黏剂、0.5wt％吸波剂和90wt％水混合，加入分散剂，搅拌均匀，得到吸波浆料；其中胶黏剂为硅酸钠，吸波剂为纳米二氧化钛和纳米金属粉，两者质量比为1:1，分散剂与吸波剂的重量比1:30；
2)将长度为5mm聚丙烯腈纤维浸入所述吸波浆料，搅拌，取出干燥，得到具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维。
本发明的一个实施例提出一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维，由上述方法制备而得，将所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维与石蜡按1:9的质量比进行复合，制成尺寸为180mm×180mm×5mm厚度的纤维石蜡复合平板，进行吸波性能检测，测试频段为2-18GHz，最小反射率为-12.4dB，反射率低于-5dB的频宽为8.6GHz，证明所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维在2-18GHz范围内具有优异的吸波性能。
实施例2
本发明的一个实施例提出的一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的制备方法，其包括：
1)将15wt％胶黏剂、15wt％吸波剂和70wt％水混合，加入分散剂，搅拌均匀，得到吸波浆料；其中胶黏剂为硅酸钠，吸波剂为纳米铁氧体粉和纳米石墨，两者质量比为2:1，分散剂与吸波剂的质量比1:50；
2)将长度为20mm聚乙烯醇纤维浸入所述吸波浆料，搅拌，取出干燥，得到具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维。
本发明的一个实施例提出一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维，由上述方法制备而得，将所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维与石蜡按1:9的质量比进行复合，制成尺寸为180mm×180mm×5mm厚度的纤维石蜡复合平板，进行吸波性能检测，测试频段为2-18GHz，最小反射率为-15.7dB，反射率低于-5dB的频宽为9.8GHz，证明所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维在2-18GHz范围内具有优异的吸波性能。
实施例3
本发明的一个实施例提出的一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的制备方法，其包括：
1)将8wt％胶黏剂、22wt％吸波剂和70wt％水混合，加入分散剂，搅拌均匀，得到吸波浆料；其中胶黏剂为硅酸钠，吸波剂为纳米二氧化锰和纳米炭黑，两者质量比为1:1，分散剂与吸波剂的质量比1:10；
2)将长度为15mm聚丙烯纤维浸入所述吸波浆料，搅拌，取出干燥，得到具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维。
本发明的一个实施例提出一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维，由上述方法制备而得，将所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维与石蜡按1:9的质量比进行复合，制成尺寸为180mm×180mm×5mm厚度的纤维石蜡复合平板，进行吸波性能检测，测试频段为2-18GHz，最小反射率为-23.5dB，反射率低于-5dB的频宽为14.2GHz，证明所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维在2-18GHz范围内具有优异的吸波性能。
实施例4
本发明的一个实施例提出的一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的制备方法，其包括：
1)将30wt％胶黏剂、20wt％吸波剂和50wt％水混合，加入分散剂，搅拌均匀，得到吸波浆料；其中胶黏剂为硅酸钠，吸波剂为纳米二氧化钛和纳米金属粉，两者质量比为1:1，分散剂与吸波剂的质量比1:30；
2)将长度为1mm聚丙烯腈纤维浸入所述吸波浆料，搅拌，取出干燥，得到具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维。
本发明的一个实施例提出一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维，由上述方法制备而得，将所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维与石蜡按1:9的质量比进行复合，制成尺寸为180mm×180mm×5mm厚度的纤维石蜡复合平板，进行吸波性能检测，测试频段为2-18GHz，最小反射率为-11.6dB，反射率低于-5dB的频宽为8.2GHz，证明所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维在2-18GHz范围内具有优异的吸波性能。
实施例5
本发明的一个实施例提出的一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的制备方法，其包括：
1)将5wt％胶黏剂、40wt％吸波剂和55wt％水混合，加入分散剂，搅拌均匀，得到吸波浆料；其中胶黏剂为聚乙烯醇，吸波剂为纳米金属粉、纳米铁氧体粉以及纳米炭黑，三者质量比为2:2:1，分散剂与吸波剂质量比为1:10；
2)将长度为50mm玻璃纤维浸入所述吸波浆料，搅拌，取出干燥，得到具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维。
本发明的一个实施例提出一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维，由上述方法制备而得，将所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维与石蜡按1:9的质量比进行复合，制成尺寸为180mm×180mm×5mm厚度的纤维石蜡复合平板，进行吸波性能检测，测试频段为2-18GHz，最小反射率为-28.6dB，反射率低于-5dB的频宽为15.4GHz，证明所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维在2-18GHz范围内具有优异的吸波性能。
实施例6
本发明的一个实施例提出的一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的制备方法，其包括：
1)将20wt％胶黏剂、20wt％吸波剂和60wt％水混合，加入分散剂，搅拌均匀，得到吸波浆料；其中胶黏剂为苯丙乳液，吸波剂为纳米铁氧体粉、纳米氧化锌以及纳米石墨，三者质量比为2:1:1，分散剂与吸波剂质量比为1:10；
2)将长度为10mm聚氯乙烯纤维浸入所述吸波浆料，搅拌，取出干燥，得到具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维。
本发明的一个实施例提出一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维，由上述方法制备而得，将所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维与石蜡按1:9的质量比进行复合，制成尺寸为180mm×180mm×5mm厚度的纤维石蜡复合平板，进行吸波性能检测，测试频段为2-18GHz，最小反射率为-26.7dB，反射率低于-5dB的频宽为13.9GHz，证明所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维在2-18GHz范围内具有优异的吸波性能。
实施例7
本发明的一个实施例提出的一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的制备方法，其包括：
1)将15wt％胶黏剂、5wt％吸波剂和80wt％水混合，加入分散剂，搅拌均匀，得到吸波浆料；其中胶黏剂为纯丙乳液，吸波剂为纳米石墨，分散剂与吸波剂质量比为1:200；
2)将长度为30mm玄武岩纤维浸入所述吸波浆料，搅拌，取出干燥，得到具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维。
本发明的一个实施例提出一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维，由上述方法制备而得，将所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维与石蜡按1:9的质量比进行复合，制成尺寸为180mm×180mm×5mm厚度的纤维石蜡复合平板，进行吸波性能检测，测试频段为2-18GHz，最小反射率为-25.4dB，反射率低于-5dB的频宽为7.9GHz，证明所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维在2-18GHz范围内具有优异的吸波性能。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的制备方法，其特征在于，其包括：
1)将5-30wt％胶黏剂、0.5-40wt％吸波剂和50-90wt％水混合，加入分散剂，搅拌均匀，得到吸波浆料；
2)将纤维浸入所述吸波浆料，搅拌，取出干燥，得到具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维；
其中，所述的纤维为有机或无机纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的分散剂与吸波剂的重量比为1:10-200。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的胶黏剂为水溶性胶黏剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的吸波剂为纳米石墨粉、纳米碳黑、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化锰、纳米铁氧体粉和纳米金属粉中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的纤维的长度为1-50mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的纤维为聚丙烯纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、聚氯乙烯纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维或矿物棉纤维。
7.一种具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维，其特征在于，由权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法制备而成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维，其特征在于，所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维的最小反射率为-28.6～-11.6dB。
9.根据权利要求7所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维，其特征在于，所述的具有电磁波吸收特性的纤维反射率低于-5dB的频宽为7.9-15.4GHz。
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| CN113816620B (zh) * | 2021-11-09 | 2023-08-22 | 中建材中研益科技有限公司 | 一种表面包覆二硫化钼／铁钴合金／碳的介电纤维复合吸波材料及其制备方法 |
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