CN105660022B - A kind of secondary fertilizing method of rice high efficient - Google Patents
A kind of secondary fertilizing method of rice high efficient Download PDFInfo
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- CN105660022B CN105660022B CN201610049112.5A CN201610049112A CN105660022B CN 105660022 B CN105660022 B CN 105660022B CN 201610049112 A CN201610049112 A CN 201610049112A CN 105660022 B CN105660022 B CN 105660022B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of secondary fertilizing method of rice high efficient, including：According to rice field soil fertility it is practical to the determining of nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice dosage, the use of nitrogen application ratio, deep ploughing when basal dressing, ear manuer application；Base manure in two times apply by property, and once after ploughing, using the 70% of base manure fertilizer, fertilizer is applied in the ditch dug with a plow turned over, then, rotary tillage mixes fertilizer with topsoil soils, and shallow water is irrigated after rotary tillage and is raked, after raking for the first time, remaining 20% fertilizer is applied into rice field, is raked for the second time；Ear manuer nitrogenous fertilizer selects+60% slow-release fertilizer of 40% urea, using primary or secondary application.The present invention innovates a kind of fertilization method twice of Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice high-yield and high-efficiency, reaches base manure reasonable layout in topsoil；Nitrogen application number is reduced, realizes that base manure and ear manuer apply fertilizer twice, and reduce nitrogen fertilizer amount, it is average to save 24 kilograms of nitrogenous fertilizer per acre, fertilizer utilization efficiency 15% is improved, and improve Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice yield 5% or so.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Crops in Applying Fertilizer technical field more particularly to a kind of secondary fertilizing methods of rice high efficient.
Background technology
Chemical fertilizer is the most important technology of increasing production of rice using chemical fertilizer between 40%-60% to the contribution rate of crop yield
Measure.But unreasonable fertilising often results in that plant recovery of nutrient is low, not only affects the economic benefit of fertilising, and excessive supports
Divide and outflow with water, be likely to become potential pollution sources.In agricultural production, traditional fertilising is by peasant household or big farming household's root
Applied according to rice growing season, general nitrogenous fertilizer mainly divides the 3-4 phases, i.e., transplanting before application base manure, transplanting 5-7 days after using fetilizer for tillering, fringe
Idiophase applies ear manuer and Grain Filling adds granulated fertilizer.In traditional fertilising, base fetilizer for tillering applicating ratio is larger, and fetilizer for tillering and base
Fertile administration time interval is very short, but this stage rice root is few, and plant is small, and the demand to nitrogenous fertilizer is smaller, will result in a large amount of
Loss of nitrogen fertilizer；Meanwhile base tiller fertilizer application is more, the Leaf nitrogen content in tillering stage is high, and tiller largely generates, causes to generate a large amount of nothings
Tiller is imitated, group structure is deteriorated, and pest and disease damage is serious, easy the problems such as lodging in later stage.And specific fertilizer application how much because kind,
There is very big difference in region difference, fertilizer is caused to apply more, be lost in seriously.
The problems such as rice field is produced there are amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer height, and number is more and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is relatively low.Particularly
In recent years, with breeding tactics progress, it is bred as and has promoted in succession the Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice group that a collection of yield is high, quality is excellent
Close, this veriety have the characteristics that growth potential is strong, increment greatly, big panicle many grains per panicle, yield potentiality be big and advantage, yield level is really
Have increased significantly, also achieve huge economic results in society, but grouting time length be 2 times of common rice with
On, it usually needs 60-80 days.To play Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice high yield potential in production, nitrogen fertilizer amount is higher, and usually nitrogenous fertilizer is used per acre
Amount is more than 20 kilograms.At present Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice nitrogen application mainly using traditional base manure, 3-4 method of administration of fetilizer for tillering and ear manuer and
Quick-acting chemical nitrogen fertilizers.
In traditional fertilising, base fetilizer for tillering applicating ratio is larger, and fetilizer for tillering is generally applied after rice transplanting is turned green, and is applied with base manure
It is very short with time interval.In production on the basis of base manure surface applied, fetilizer for tillering is imposed, since this time rice root is few, is planted
Strain is small, and the demand to nitrogenous fertilizer is smaller, causes a large amount of loss of nitrogen fertilizer.Meanwhile a large amount of base fetilizer for tillering material, tillering stage Leaf nitrogen content is high,
A large amount of tillers are generated, causes control tiller difficult, leads to a large amount of ineffective tillerings, group structure is deteriorated, and pest and disease damage is serious, and the later stage easily occurs
The problems such as lodging.Rice ear manuer is generally applied between rice Jointing stage, and dosage is big, and the fertilizer effectiveness of quick-acting chemical nitrogen fertilizers is high
Peak height, time are short, cause upper blade long, and there are lodging risks.Since this is Leaf nitrogen content height, height section position axillary bud is sprouted
Hair, forms a large amount of ineffective tillerings, redundancy growth and group is caused to be deteriorated, disease pest occurs.A large amount of nitrogen in soil, it is impossible to quick
The effective element for the material that applies fertilizer is absorbed, causes a large amount of fertilizer losses, fertilizer utilization efficiency is not high.And Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice flower post-grouting
Phase is long, and the later stage because soil nitrogen declines, plant occurs and takes off fertilizer, cause leaf presenility, influence leaf photosynthesis, reduce photosynthetic
Product, ultimately causes setting percentage and mass of 1000 kernel declines, and yield is not high.
For Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice growth and uptake characters, its fertilizing method and technology twice is innovated, is increased for Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice
It produces stable yields and subtracts nitrogen synergy and reduce disease pest, the technology of large area production is provided, realize green production.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of secondary fertilizing methods of rice high efficient, it is intended to solve traditional fertilising dose
Greatly, often, base manure, ear manuer interval number of days are short, ineffective tillering are caused to increase, a large amount of loss of nitrogen fertilizer, pest and disease damage is serious, and the later stage is easy
The problems such as lodging.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of secondary fertilizing method of rice high efficient, this method include the following steps：
Nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice dosage determines：According to rice field soil fertility reality, purity nitrogen 10 is public per acre for the double cropping of rice that 500 kilograms of per mu yield
- 12 kilograms of jin, 600 kilograms of -700 kilograms of single harvest rice of per mu yield, 12 kilograms -16 kilograms of purity nitrogen per acre, 800 kilograms of single cropping Xian round-grained rice of per mu yield
Hybrid paddy rice mu applies 16-19 kilograms of purity nitrogen；Phosphate fertilizer makees base manure application, and potash fertilizer presses 5:5 ratio makees base manure and ear manuer application；
Nitrogen application ratio：Base manure nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 60-70% of total amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, and ear manuer nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for total amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer
30-40%, base manure and ear manuer fertilizer ratio are+60% slow-release fertilizer of 40% urea；
Basal dressing during deep ploughing：Base manure in two times apply by property, once after ploughing, using the 70% of base manure fertilizer, by fertilizer
It applies in the ditch dug with a plow turned over, then, rotary tillage mixes fertilizer with topsoil soils, and shallow water is irrigated after rotary tillage and is raked, is harrowed in first time
After flat, remaining 30% fertilizer is applied into rice field, then raked for the second time；In this way first time base manure nitrogenous fertilizer be distributed as it is lower mostly on
Few, second of fertilizer is essentially face and applies, and reaches base manure fertilizer and is more reasonably distributed in topsoil, achievees the purpose that deep application of fertilizer.
The application of ear manuer：Ear manuer nitrogenous fertilizer selects+60% slow-release fertilizer of 40% urea, using primary or secondary application, large spike
The secondary use of the big use of ear manuer dosage, ear manuer apply it is previous as paddy field moisture is fallen naturally dry, apply fertilizer when field face moistens, the
It irrigates again within two days, reaches 3 centimetres of -5 centimetres of water layers, by the fertilizer of thawing in company with being seeped into topsoil under moisture, reach deep placement fertilizer efficiency
Fruit；
Further, the base manure nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 60-70% of total amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, and ear manuer nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for total amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer
30-40%, fertilizer ratio are+60% slow-release fertilizer of 40% urea, and the sustained release fertilizer slow-release phase is 70d.
Further, during the deep ploughing in basal dressing before Rice Cropping site preparation, can turn under soil moisture state, with reference to depth
Plough rotary tillage basal dressing.
Further, it is 70d that ear manuer nitrogenous fertilizer, which selects 40% urea+60% sustained release fertilizer slow-release phase, in the application of the ear manuer.
Further, implantation methods and density, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and irrigation method and other cultural method phases in addition to explanation
Together.
Traditional fertilising dose is big, and often, base manure, ear manuer interval number of days are short, ineffective tillering are caused to increase, a large amount of nitrogen
The problems such as fertilizer loss, pest and disease damage is serious, and the later stage easily lodges.
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention innovates a kind of fertilization method twice of Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice high-yield and high-efficiency, i.e. base
Fertilizer and ear manuer are each primary, and use base manure deep placement technology, reach base manure reasonable layout in topsoil；Rational proportioning instant nitrogenousfertilizer
With slow release fertilizer, reach to subtract and apply efficiently.Experiments have shown that single harvest rice river in Zhejiang Province excellent 538, traditional fertilization method, 17 kilograms of mu nitrogen fertilizer application, point
It applies fertilizer three times, 685.5 kilograms of yield, the secondary fertilization method of the present invention, 14.5 kilograms of mu nitrogen fertilizer application, 708.6 kilograms of yield.Reduce nitrogen
Fertile dosage saves 2.5 kilograms of nitrogenous fertilizer per acre, improves fertilizer utilization efficiency 18%, and improve Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice yield 3.1% or so.
Nitrogen application number is also reduced, realizes that base manure and ear manuer apply fertilizer twice.
Present invention enhancing plant lodging resistance, prevents rice lodging.Improve group structure, reduce ineffective tillering, improve into fringe
Rate reduces disease pest occurrence probability.Improve yield 5%.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the secondary fertilizing method flow chart of rice high efficient provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Instant nitrogenousfertilizer and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer ratio.The instant nitrogenousfertilizer of base manure and ear manuer uses different proportion with slow-release nitrogen fertilizer
With the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer of different release times, 50% quick-acting+50% slow-release nitrogen fertilizers of urea (90d) of base manure, 40% quick-acting urea of ear manuer+
60% slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (60d)
Base manure applies combination using deep placement and face.It can be turned under soil moisture state, with reference to deep ploughing rotary tillage basal dressing.Base manure point
Property is applied twice, once after ploughing, using the 70% of base manure fertilizer, fertilizer is applied in the ditch dug with a plow turned over, then, rotary tillage will
Fertilizer is mixed with topsoil soils.Shallow water is irrigated after rotary tillage to rake, and after raking substantially for the first time, remaining 30% fertilizer is applied
Rice field, then raked for the second time.
Ear manuer nitrogenous fertilizer melt water deep placement.Ear manuer apply it is previous as paddy field moisture is fallen naturally dry, irrigation allows field face to moisten, and applies
Fertilizer irrigates, reaches 3-5 centimetres of water layer for second day again, by the fertilizer of thawing in company with being seeped into topsoil under moisture, reaches deep placement fertilizer efficiency
Fruit.
The application principle of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of secondary fertilizing method of rice high efficient, this method include the following steps：
S101：Nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice dosage determines that, according to rice field soil fertility reality, the double cropping of rice of general 500 kilograms of per mu yield is per acre
10-12 kilograms of purity nitrogen, 12-16 kilograms of purity nitrogen, 700-800 kilograms of single cropping Xian round-grained rice of per mu yield are miscellaneous per acre for 600 kilograms -700 kilograms of per mu yield
Rice mu is handed over to apply 16-19 kilograms of purity nitrogen.Fertilizer makees base manure application, and potash fertilizer presses 5:5 ratio most base manure and ear manuer application；
S102:Nitrogen application ratio：Base manure nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 60-70% of total amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, and nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for total nitrogenous fertilizer in ear manuer
The 30-40% of amount of application, ear manuer fertilizer ratio are+60% slow-release fertilizer of 40% urea (70d is sustained the phase)；
S103:Basal dressing during deep ploughing：The site preparation before Rice Cropping can be turned under soil moisture state, with reference to deep ploughing rotary tillage
Basal dressing.Base manure in two times apply by property, and once after ploughing, using the 70% of base manure fertilizer, fertilizer is applied to the ditch dug with a plow turned over
In, then, rotary tillage mixes fertilizer with topsoil soils.Shallow water is irrigated after rotary tillage to rake, it, will be remaining after raking substantially for the first time
30% fertilizer apply rice field, then raked for the second time.First time base manure nitrogenous fertilizer is distributed as lower how upper few, second of fertilizer in this way
Material is essentially face and applies, and reaches base manure fertilizer and is more reasonably distributed in topsoil, achievees the purpose that deep application of fertilizer；
S104:The method of administration of ear manuer, ear manuer nitrogenous fertilizer select+60% slow-release fertilizer of 40% urea (70d is sustained the phase), can be primary
Or secondary application, large spike ear manuer dosage is big secondary to be used.Ear manuer apply it is previous as paddy field moisture is fallen naturally dry, work as field
Face is applied fertilizer when moistening, and is irrigated again within second day, is reached 3-5 centimetres of water layer, by the fertilizer of thawing in company with being seeped into topsoil under moisture, is reached
To deep fertilizer spraying effect.
Implantation methods and density, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and irrigation method in addition to explanation are identical with other cultural methods.
Traditional fertilising dose is big, and often, base manure, ear manuer interval number of days are short, ineffective tillering are caused to increase, a large amount of nitrogen
The problems such as fertilizer loss, pest and disease damage is serious, and the later stage easily lodges.
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention innovates a kind of fertilization method twice of Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice high-yield and high-efficiency, i.e. base
Fertilizer and ear manuer are each primary, and use base manure deep placement technology, reach base manure reasonable layout in topsoil；Rational proportioning instant nitrogenousfertilizer
With slow release fertilizer, reach to subtract and apply efficiently.Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice fertilizing method and technology twice, can not only reduce nitrogen application number,
It realizes that base manure and ear manuer apply fertilizer twice, and reduces nitrogen fertilizer amount, it is average to save 2-4 kilograms of nitrogenous fertilizer per acre, improve nitrogen fertilizer use
Efficiency 15%, and improve Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice yield 3% or so.The fertilizer practice of high and stable yields green is provided for large area production.
Present invention enhancing plant lodging resistance, prevents rice lodging.Improve group structure, reduce ineffective tillering, improve into fringe
Rate reduces disease pest occurrence probability.Improve yield 5%.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of secondary fertilizing method of rice high efficient, which is characterized in that the fertilizing method includes the following steps：
Nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice dosage determines：According to rice field soil fertility reality, the double cropping of rice that 500 kilograms of per mu yield apply per acre 10 kilograms of purity nitrogen-
12 kilograms, the single cropping indica hybrid rice of 600 kilograms -700 kilograms of per mu yield applies 12 kilograms -16 kilograms of purity nitrogen, 800 kilograms of per mu yield per acre
Single cropping Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice mu applies 16 kilograms -19 kilograms of purity nitrogen；Phosphate fertilizer makees base manure application, and potash fertilizer presses 5:5 ratio makees base manure and fringe
Fertilizer application；
Nitrogen application ratio：Base manure nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 60%-70% of total amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, and the nitrogenous fertilizer of ear manuer accounts for total amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer
Rate of nitrogen fertilizer combination is+60% slow-release fertilizer of 40% urea in 30%-40%, base manure and ear manuer；
Basal dressing during deep ploughing：Once after ploughing, using the 70% of base manure fertilizer, fertilizer application is turned over for base manure application in two dressings
In cultivated ditch dug with a plow, then, rotary tillage mixes fertilizer with topsoil soils, and shallow water is irrigated after rotary tillage and is raked, will after raking for the first time
Remaining 30% fertilizer applies rice field, then is raked for the second time；
The application of ear manuer：Ear manuer nitrogenous fertilizer selects+60% slow-release fertilizer of 40% urea, using primary or secondary application, large spike ear manuer
Paddy field moisture is fallen dry, applies fertilizer, fill again when field face moistens within second day by the secondary application of the big use of dosage naturally before ear manuer application
It irrigates, reaches 3 centimetres of -5 centimetres of water layers, will be seeped into topsoil under the fertilizer companion moisture of thawing.
2. the secondary fertilizing method of rice high efficient as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the nitrogen application ratio step
Base manure nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 60%-70% of total amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, and the nitrogenous fertilizer in ear manuer accounts for the 30%-40% of total amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, sustained release
The sustained release phase of fertilizer is 70d.
3. the secondary fertilizing method of rice high efficient as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that during the deep ploughing in basal dressing step
Site preparation before Rice Cropping need to be carried out, is turned under ground moistening degree state, with reference to deep ploughing basal dressing, then rotary tillage.
4. the secondary fertilizing method of rice high efficient as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that fringe in the step of applying of the ear manuer
Fertile nitrogenous fertilizer selects+60% slow-release fertilizer of 40% urea, and the sustained release fertilizer slow-release phase is 70d.
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| CN109220642A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2019-01-18 | 河南农业大学 | A kind of paddy rice planting method |
| CN109952924A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-07-02 | 兴业县嘉沃生态农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods of nontoxic rice |
| CN108064644A (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-05-25 | 青岛袁策生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method for improving lodging resistance in rice ability |
| CN108718641A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-02 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of grain quality rice nitrogen fertilizing method |
| CN109601096A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-12 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of fertilizing method of rice in saline-alkali field |
| CN109757173A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-17 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of fertilizing method twice of machine-transplanted rice |
| CN110122022A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-16 | 广东省农业科学院水稻研究所 | A kind of light simple N application method of the rice based on instant nitrogenousfertilizer |
| CN111066408B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2022-06-21 | 扬州大学 | Machine-transplanting efficient cultivation one-time fertilization method |
| CN111466268B (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2022-06-24 | 扬州大学 | High-yield high-quality simplified fertilization method for preventing rice from premature senility in yellow river old sidewalk region |
| CN114223482A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-25 | 云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | Cultivation method for rice by one-time fertilization |
| CN115088450A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-09-23 | 湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | Nutrient-consumption-saving vigorous-root senescence-inhibiting fertilizing method for rice |
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