CN105622213A - Low cost vegetable seedling substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low cost vegetable seedling substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105622213A CN105622213A CN201610120114.9A CN201610120114A CN105622213A CN 105622213 A CN105622213 A CN 105622213A CN 201610120114 A CN201610120114 A CN 201610120114A CN 105622213 A CN105622213 A CN 105622213A
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- low cost
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low cost vegetable seedling substrate and a preparation method thereof. The low cost vegetable seedling substrate is prepared from the main raw materials of rice husk and/or wheat skin and an organic fertilizer, wherein the weight proportion of the rice husk and/or wheat skin and the organic fertilizer is (33-50):(67-50), and the organic fertilizer is formed by matching of cow dung, fowl manure and mushroom residue according to the mass proportion of 1:(0.4-0.6):(0.8-1.2) and fermentation. According to the substrate, common agricultural waste is used as the raw material for preparing a culture substrate, and comprehensive utilization of agricultural waste is realized on the basis that the requirement of the characteristics of porosity increasing, water retention and the like of a conventional substrate is met. According to the method, the agricultural waste, such as cow dung, chicken manure, mushroom residue, rice husk and wheat skin, is taken as the raw material, the rotten substrate raw material is prepared, necessary nutrient elements are added according to seedling or cultivation requirements, not only is the material low in price and easy to get, but also the soil can be improved favorably; by the aid of the utilization of the agricultural waste, all agriculture operating entities can be facilitated to use local materials while the resource and environmental problems are solved, the production cost is reduced, and excellent social, economic and ecological benefits are obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of seedling medium and its preparation method, especially a kind of low cost vegetable seedling substrate and its preparation method.
Background technology
Agricultural wastes, by its composition, mainly comprise plant fibrous waste and the big class of feces of livestock and poultry two, become important environomental pollution source, and meanwhile, as important resource, Appropriate application will be one part of valuable wealth.
Seedling medium and cultivation matrix are subject to the attention outside Now Domestic, but, the base starting material that most countries adopts is all extremely precious or expensive. Especially the peat of widespread use and the peat composed of rotten mosses are not only expensive, and are Nonrenewable resources, and excessive exploitation can destroy the ecotope of swampland.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the low cost vegetable seedling substrate of a kind of excellent property; Present invention also offers the preparation method of a kind of low cost vegetable seedling substrate.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: its main raw material is the weight proportion of husk and/or wheat skin, fertilizer, husk and/or Mai Pi and fertilizer is 33��50:67��50.
Fertilizer of the present invention is made up of by the weight proportion of 1:0.4��0.6:0.8��1.2 cow dung, chicken excrement, mushroom residue.
The present invention also contains the chemical fertilizer of following proportioning: urea 0��2kg/m-3, sulphur ammonium nitrate 0.5��1kg/m-3, potassium sulfate 0.2��0.5kg/m-3With diammonium phosphate 0.2��0.4kg/m-3��
The present invention is also containing the following trace element added by benchmark of matrix total mass: Zn >=0.2%, B >=0.2%, Mg >=8%.
The technique of the inventive method is: (1) husk and/or wheat skin, fertilizer mixing are mixed thoroughly, add water to water content 50��60wt%;
(2) system heap, heap macerate 5��15 days;
(3) after adding EM bacterium, turning, heap macerates 7��10 days again; When mycelia occurs in a large number, turning again; Continue heap and macerate 7��10 days, airing;
(4) add decomposing microbial inoculum, regulate water content to 50��60wt%, turning; Until temperature be increased to 55 DEG C and above after, continue 1 day; Turning in 1��3 day afterwards once, until homo(io)thermism;
(5) add other raw material, described vegetable seedling substrate can be obtained.
The useful effect that produces of technique scheme is adopted to be: the present invention utilizes common agricultural wastes to prepare cultivation matrix for raw material, meets tradition matrix and realizes agricultural wastes comprehensive utilization on the basis of the feature such as porosity, Bao Shui of increasing.
The inventive method take agricultural wastes as starting material, such as cow dung, chicken excrement, mushroom residue, rice husk, wheat skin etc., makes the matrix starting material that become thoroughly decomposed, again according to nursery or cultivation demand, adding necessary nutritive element, not only material is cheap and easy to get, is also beneficial to soil improvement; The utilization of agricultural wastes solves while resources and environment problems, also promotes that each agriculture management main body is gathered materials on the spot, and reduces production cost, obtains good society, economy and ecological benefits.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation; In following each embodiment, marine alga slag, EM bacterium agent (EffectiveMicroorganisms) adopt the commercially available prod of the leading development in science and technology company limited in Qinhuangdao, Hebei province, and decomposing microbial inoculum adopts the commercially available prod VT-1000 of the fertile soil world, Beijing bio tech ltd.
Embodiment 1: this low cost vegetable seedling substrate adopts following concrete explained hereafter and becomes.
Proportioning raw materials: fertilizer is made up of by 1:0.4:1.2 cow dung, chicken excrement, mushroom residue; Husk and Mai Pi and fertilizer are the proportioning of 33:67, wherein husk: wheat skin=1:1 volume; Urea 2kg/m-3, sulphur ammonium nitrate 0.5kg/m-3, potassium sulfate 0.2kg/m-3With diammonium phosphate 0.2kg/m-3; Trace element is water-soluble boron, zinc, magnesium, wherein Zn0.5%, B0.2%, Mg10%.
Concrete technique is: (1) husk, wheat skin, cow dung, chicken excrement, mushroom residue mixing are mixed thoroughly, add water to water content 60%, except the rainy day hides upper weather cloth, need not cover; (2) forklift system piles the cone of bottom diameter about 5 meters, piles and macerate 20 days; (3) adding EM bacterium, pile long strips buttress wide 2��3.5 meters, high 0.8��1 meter, artificial or stack turner turning, after turning, heap macerates 7 days again; When mycelia occurs in a large number, turning again, continues heap and macerates 7 days; Airing 1 day; (4) add VT-1000 bacterium agent, regulate water content to 55%, artificial or stack turner turning, until temperature be increased to 55 DEG C and above time, continue 1 day; Turning in 1��3 day afterwards once, until homo(io)thermism (30��40 DEG C); (5) urea, sulphur ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate is added, and boron, zinc, magnesium, after mixing, described vegetable seedling substrate can be obtained.
Embodiment 2: this low cost vegetable seedling substrate adopts following concrete explained hereafter and becomes.
Proportioning raw materials: fertilizer is made up of by 1:0.6:1.0 cow dung, chicken excrement, mushroom residue; Husk and fertilizer are the proportioning of 50:50; Sulphur ammonium nitrate 1kg/m-3, potassium sulfate 0.5kg/m-3With diammonium phosphate 0.3kg/m-3; Trace element is water-soluble boron, zinc, magnesium, wherein Zn0.3%, B0.4%, Mg8%.
Concrete technique is: (1) husk, cow dung, chicken excrement, mushroom residue mixing are mixed thoroughly, add water to water content 55%; (2) system heap, heap macerate 10 days; (3) after adding EM bacterium turning, heap macerates 10 days again; When mycelia occurs in a large number, turning again, continues heap and macerates 9 days; Airing 1 day; (4) add VT-1000 bacterium agent, regulate water content to 50%, turning; Until temperature be increased to 55 DEG C and above time, continue 0.5 day; Afterwards every turning in 1��2 day once; Until homo(io)thermism (30��40 DEG C); (5) urea, sulphur ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate is added, and boron, zinc, magnesium, after mixing, described vegetable seedling substrate can be obtained.
Embodiment 3: this low cost vegetable seedling substrate adopts following concrete explained hereafter and becomes.
Proportioning raw materials: fertilizer is made up of by 1:0.5:0.8 cow dung, chicken excrement, mushroom residue; Wheat skin and fertilizer are the proportioning of 40:60; Urea 1kg/m-3, sulphur ammonium nitrate 0.7kg/m-3, potassium sulfate 0.3kg/m-3With diammonium phosphate 0.4kg/m-3; Trace element is water-soluble boron, zinc, magnesium, wherein Zn0.2%, B0.5%, Mg12%.
Concrete technique is: (1) wheat skin, cow dung, chicken excrement, mushroom residue mixing are mixed thoroughly, add water to water content 50%; (2) system heap, heap macerate 15 days; (3) after adding EM bacterium turning, heap macerates 8 days again; When mycelia occurs in a large number, turning again, continues heap and macerates 10 days; Airing collects together heap in 1 day again; (4) add VT-1000 bacterium agent, regulate water content to 60%, turning; Until temperature be increased to 55 DEG C and above time, continue 1 day; Turning in 1��2 day afterwards once, until homo(io)thermism (30��40 DEG C); (5) urea, sulphur ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate is added, and boron, zinc, magnesium, after mixing, described vegetable seedling substrate can be obtained.
After testing, the water content��30wt% of preparation method's gained seedling medium of this low cost vegetable seedling substrate, organic content (oven dry base) is 20��45wt%, total nutrient (N+P2O5+K2O) content 1��5wt%, unit weight 0.2��0.7g/cm-3, total porosity about 70%, excrement colibacillus group number < 3/g-1, induced worm egg death rate is 100%.
Simultaneous test: this vegetable seedling substrate and conventional composite matrix (buy on market taking the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, vermiculite as main raw material matrix) are carried out nursery simultaneous test by (1).
Test vegetable variety: " green despot in spring and autumn " Mini cucumber that the south of road, Tangshan, Hebei Province four seasons vegetable seed firm sells. Test period: 12 days-November 30 November in 2015. Test site: Luannan County, Hebei vegetable greenhouse booth.
(2) test method: cucumber seeds soaks 30 minutes in 55 DEG C of warm water, then at radiator side Seed soaking 24h, chooses the consistent seed that germinates and is seeded in seedling pan respectively, and afterwards by peasant household's unified management, each process is chosen 150 strains and measured strong sprout.
(3) test-results is in table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, except embodiment 1 gained seedling medium, adopt the index of the commercial organic matter of this seedling medium and the peat composed of rotten mosses similar, but cost can far below peat composed of rotten mosses matrix.
Table 1: different composite matrix carries out cucumber seedling-raising effect comparison table
In table, example 1, example 2 and example 3 represent embodiment 1 gained seedling medium, embodiment 2 gained seedling medium and embodiment 3 gained seedling medium respectively; Comparative example represents conventional composite matrix.
(4) the performance test results is summed up: husk, wheat skin are burned as source mill or agriculture production waste, through bacterium agent thermophilic fermentation, after forming innoxious organic materials, it can instead perlite, vermiculite etc., blending taking cow dung, mushroom residue etc. as the fertilizer of main raw material, every m3Composite interstitial substance cost is no more than 300 yuan, than existing taking the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, vermiculite as the commodity composite interstitial substance of main component low 300��600 yuan. This seedling medium makes improvement soil type matrix for agricultural wastes through the art breading such as composite fungus agent, turning, it is possible to substitute the Nonrenewable resources such as the peat composed of rotten mosses, and with low cost is easy to get, and has higher operability; In addition, organic materials is degraded easier than perlite, vermiculite etc. in soil, and the matrix that cost-saving synergistic agriculture management person can be improved again soil is the first-selection of current modern agriculture.
Claims (8)
1. a low cost vegetable seedling substrate, it is characterised in that: its main raw material is the weight proportion of husk and/or wheat skin, fertilizer, husk and/or Mai Pi and fertilizer is 33��50:67��50.
2. low cost vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described fertilizer is made up of by the weight proportion of 1:0.4��0.6:0.8��1.2 cow dung, chicken excrement, mushroom residue.
3. low cost vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, it is chemical fertilizer containing following proportioning also: urea 0��2kg/m-3, sulphur ammonium nitrate 0.5��1kg/m-3, potassium sulfate 0.2��0.5kg/m-3With diammonium phosphate 0.2��0.4kg/m-3��
4. low cost vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterised in that, it is also containing the following trace element added by benchmark of matrix total mass: Zn >=0.2%, B >=0.2%, Mg >=8%.
5. the preparation method of low cost vegetable seedling substrate described in claim 1, it is characterised in that, its method technique is: (1) husk and/or wheat skin, fertilizer mixing are mixed thoroughly, add water to water content 50��60wt%;
(2) system heap, heap macerate 5��15 days;
(3) after adding EM bacterium, turning, heap macerates 7��10 days again; When mycelia occurs in a large number, turning again; Continue heap and macerate 7��10 days, airing;
(4) add decomposing microbial inoculum, regulate water content to 50��60wt%, turning; Until temperature be increased to 55 DEG C and above after, continue 0.5��1.5 day; Turning in 1��3 day afterwards once, until homo(io)thermism;
(5) add other raw material, described vegetable seedling substrate can be obtained.
6. the preparation method of low cost vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described fertilizer is made up of by the weight proportion of 1:0.4��0.6:0.8��1.2 cow dung, chicken excrement, mushroom residue.
7. the preparation method of low cost vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 5, it is characterised in that, other raw material in described step (5) includes the chemical fertilizer of following proportioning: urea 0��2kg/m-3, sulphur ammonium nitrate 0.5��1kg/m-3, potassium sulfate 0.2��0.5kg/m-3With diammonium phosphate 0.2��0.4kg/m-3��
8. the preparation method of low cost vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 5,6 or 7, it is characterized in that, other raw material in described step (5) includes the following trace element added by benchmark of matrix total mass: Zn >=0.2%, B >=0.2%, Mg >=8%.
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| CN201610120114.9A CN105622213A (en) | 2016-03-03 | 2016-03-03 | Low cost vegetable seedling substrate and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106106073A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-16 | 吉林省林业科学研究院 | A kind of method utilizing discarded Auricularia fungus matrix manufacturing Breeding of Fraxinus mandshurica substrate |
| CN109197513A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-15 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | A kind of method of Chinese cabbage kind strain cultivation |
| CN109258389A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-25 | 广西走山农牧开发有限公司 | A kind of vegetable seedling substrate |
| CN115843591A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-03-28 | 河北省农林科学院农业信息与经济研究所 | Covering material and method for improving soil fertility, reducing steam, saving water and preventing insects |
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| CN106106073A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-16 | 吉林省林业科学研究院 | A kind of method utilizing discarded Auricularia fungus matrix manufacturing Breeding of Fraxinus mandshurica substrate |
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| CN109197513A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-15 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | A kind of method of Chinese cabbage kind strain cultivation |
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| CN115843591A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-03-28 | 河北省农林科学院农业信息与经济研究所 | Covering material and method for improving soil fertility, reducing steam, saving water and preventing insects |
| CN115843591B (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2024-05-24 | 河北省农林科学院农业信息与经济研究所 | Cover material and method for improving soil fertility, reducing steam, saving water and preventing insects |
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