CN105103915A - Method for cultivating all-film double-furrow sowing corn in dry land - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating all-film double-furrow sowing corn in dry land. The method includes the following steps of (1) fertilizer application and soil preparation, (2) soil sterilization, (3) base fertilizer application and topdressing, (4) ridging, (5) film mulching and management, (6) variety and quality selection, (7) seed coating, (8) sowing, (9) field management, (10) disease and insect damage prevention and (11) harvesting at proper time. The method has the advantages that the mode that soil preparation and film mulching are carried out before sowing is changed into the mode that soil preparation and film mulching are carried out in autumn, soil moisture loss in the fallow period is reduced to the largest extent as for dry farmland areas, soil moisture in the corn sowing stage is improved, and corn seedling emergency and early-stage growth are facilitated; the traditional mode that mulching film laying and uniform-row planting are carried out is changed into the mode that wide-furrow narrow-row planting is carried out, ventilation and light transmitting are enhanced, a good environment is created for corn growth, the marginal effect is fully used, the yield of corn is remarkably increased, and under the dry farming condition, the corn yield is increased by over 30% compared with semi-film covering, and the yield is increased by over 45% compared with bare area convention planting.

Description

A kind of nonirrigated farmland full film double-furrow broadcasts the cultivation method of corn

Technical field

The present invention relates to crop-planting cultivation method field, be specifically related to the cultivation method that a kind of nonirrigated farmland full film double-furrow broadcasts corn.

Background technology

Corn is one of China's Three major grain crops, is important cereal crops and important feed resource, is also the cereal crops that whole world gross yield is the highest.Mainly be produced in the north, have yellow maize, white maize two kinds, wherein yellow maize contains more vitamin A, very useful to the eyesight of people.Its nutritive value exceedes flour, rice, the diseases such as often edible energy prevention of arterial sclerosis, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, cancer, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, be not only the main source of mankind's grain, become a kind of health food of hot topic, often come across on dining table, and fashionable once with the meticulous famous American-European world of food; In addition, along with the raising of people's living standard, progressively improve the quality requirement of the animal products such as meat, egg, milk, corn increases further as " king of feed " its demand; Except as " health food " and " feed ", in corn or cereal crops, purposes is the widest, can development maximum, the raw material of industry that consumption is maximum, can production high-quality, the starch of low cost, alcohol and " green " fuel etc.

In sum, corn consumption can continue to strengthen in future, and Maize Production needs to strengthen further, and corn yield needs to improve further.Under the prerequisite that cultivated area increasess slowly, can only realize output increase by improving per unit area yield, for this reason, the improvement of planting technology becomes the only way which must be passed and the most important thing.

Summary of the invention

Object of the present invention is exactly for above-mentioned defect of the prior art, provides the cultivation method that a kind of nonirrigated farmland full film double-furrow broadcasts corn.

To achieve these goals, technical scheme provided by the invention is: a kind of nonirrigated farmland full film double-furrow broadcasts the cultivation method of corn, comprises the following steps:

1) apply fertilizer, whole:

After preceding crop results, every mu of mixture executing well-rotted farmyard manure 2000 ~ 5000kg and zinc sulphate 2 ~ 3kg, be evenly sprinkling upon earth's surface, bury with rotovator rotary tillage, tilling depth is 25 ~ 30cm, cultivated a kind of farm tools in time after ploughing, smooth earth's surface;

2) soil disinfection:

Soil insect is caused harm serious plot, and during whole ground ridging, every mu of use 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.5kg adds thin sand and soil 30kg, mixes pesticide-clay mixture and spreads fertilizer over the fields, or is watered 50kg and sprays, and sprays a band again, to improve drug effect after often having sprayed a band covering with plastic film; The plot that Weed infestation is serious, is watered 50kg full ground spraying with 50% acetochlor ec 100g after whole ground ridging;

3) base manure and topdressing:

Base manure is every mu of mixture executing high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure 2000 ~ 3000kg and zinc sulphate 2 ~ 3kg, and be evenly sprinkling upon earth's surface during whole ground before ridging, rotary tillage is buried; Topdress as every mu is executed urea 25 ~ 35kg, superphosphate 30 ~ 35kg, potassium sulfate 15 ~ 20kg, be evenly sprinkling upon in the ridge band of micro-ridge after mixing;

4) ridging:

By crop-planting trend, broadcast ridging laminating machine or small-sized fertilizing ridger ditching, ridging overlay film along contour corn full film double-furrow to gentle slope, large row spacing 70cm, high 10cm, little row spacing 40cm, high 15cm, often band corresponding small one and large one, face, one high and one low two ridges, furrow width is even, height is consistent, and ridging overlay film is worked continuously, and prevents the air-dry lost moisture of soil;

5) overlay film and management:

Late October is in the fall to the freeze-up front cladding thickness 0.01mm of soil, the mulch film of wide 120cm, the shallow ridges of dark 5cm is opened along sideline, ridge, after mulch film launches, the line that keeps to the side in shallow ridges, real by soil pressure, another side is in the middle of large ridge, fix along mulch film every 1m spade original place of fetching earth from film limit, and every the horizontal firming waistband of 5 ~ 6m, two width ground film interfaces are in Kuan Long; Covering with plastic film, after one week, when mulch film and ground are adjacent to, makes a call to the water seepage hole of a diameter 3mm so that precipitation infiltration every 50cm place in furrow;

6) Fruit variety and quality:

Select elite hybrid gold No. 3, fringe or the first medium variety of beautiful 335, seed quality meets or exceeds country and plants more than substandard secondary;

7) seed pelleting:

Select agricultural chemicals to carry out secondary seed pelleting before sowing, use the seed coat agent containing 7% carbofuran to carry out dressing, for control of maize Abnormal Seedlings; Select the coated pesticidal containing penta file alcohol composition, for control of maize head smut;

8) sow:

April 20, with corn bunch planting apparatus by the bunch planting of seed rupture of membranes in furrow, every cave seeding down 1 ~ 2, seed level 3 ~ 5cm, mu is kept a full stand of seedings 4000 strains, by seed pressing&sowing hole, seed and soil is combined closely immediately after program request, shallow earthing, important city is pressed, and to obturage planting hole with fine sand soil, livestock barnyard manure or ash, prevents planting hole loose moisture in the soil and meet rain impact of hardening and emerge in a large number;

9) field management:

A, seedling management:

A, break ground and draw seedling: before emerging, with hand, seedling is drawn fenestra;

B, look into and kind look into bud: once look into every 5d after sowing 10d and kind look into bud, reseed transplanting in time, after filling the gaps with seedlings in the place of being short of seedling, water a small amount of water, then seal eyelet with thin wet soil;

C, thinning final singling: after emerging during 2 ~ 3 leaves, except preventing or cure a disease, weak, assorted seedling; Final singling when seedling reaches 4 ~ 5 leaves, seedling 1 strain is stayed in every cave, retains the strong sprout of growth neat and consistent;

D, pull out and tiller: between the shooting stage after final singling, will tiller in time thoroughly gets rid of from base portion or cuts off;

B, from jointing to taking out male middle term management:

Every mu imposes urea 10kg, diammonium phosphate 10kg, with corn bunch planting apparatus or fertilizer-applicating gun from the deep placement that punches between two spacing in the rows;

C, from taking out the male final-period management to maturation:

When tassel extract out 1/3 long time, in every line or two row remove a line tassel, when fertilizer deficiency symptom appears in plant, impose increasing granulated fertilizer in time, and every mu imposes urea 5kg;

10) extermination of disease and insect pest:

For grey seedling: found diseased plant before the 6 leaf phases of mid or late May, the solution of zinc sulfate with 0.3% sprays 1 ~ 2 time;

For mythimna separata: in 6 months, the last ten-days period, when selecting fine day calm with sumicidin class missible oil 2000 ~ 3000 times of liquid, spraying prevented and treated to early July, or with the 1000 times of liquid spraying controls of 50% DDT EC, mythimna separata was eliminated before three ages;

For corn borer: puddle evenly with 0.5kg bacterium powder and 5 ~ 7.5kg fine sand or fine earth for every mu, be spread in corn lobus cardiacus, every strain consumption is 1g; Or every mu of use 20% kills the washing husky 15kg filling heart that chrysanthemum fat missible oil 8 ~ 10ml or 25% Fast-growing rhizobia missible oil 50 ~ 100g mixes diameter 2mm;

For Ustilago maydis: select disease-resistant variety and hybridization capsuled seed; With non-cereal shift of crops 2 ~ 3 years; Mycocecidium excised in time by their early stage before the non-variable color of mycocecidium, and remove field invalid body during results, autumn ploughs deeply soil, reduced and just invaded source;

For maize kernel rot: select disease-resistant variety and capsuled seed; Peel bract off in time, rainproof drenching is made moist; The disease that fractures fruit ear goes rotten top, prevents ear rot from expanding again; Maize straw, cob, root stubble are taked that green grass or young crops is raised in time, ammonification, make compost, the way of burning thoroughly processes; The husky 15kg of every mu of washing with diameter 2mm, 20% sumicidin 8 ~ 10ml and the granule made of 50% carbendazim WP 50g mix and blend, pour into corn lobus cardiacus;

For soil insect: combine and broadcast preplanting treatment, every mu of use 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 15% chlopyrifos 300 ~ 500ml refinement dry ground or washed-out sand 15kg make pesticide-clay mixture, spread fertilizer over the fields uniformly to ground and plough in time or rake the soil level; 0.1 ~ 0.2% seed dressing of seed weight is pressed with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 15% chlopyrifos in the serious plot of insect pest;

11) gather in the crops in good time:

When the flavescence of pone leaf, leaf look thin out, seed is hardening glossy, and cane still in dark green, moisture more than 70% time gather in the crops, fruit ear is received rear built or is entered to store up airing, and preventing from drenching with rain making moist causes seed to go mouldy, and drops to threshing storage after below 13% until being fully dried to moisture.

The present invention is planted by furrow, improves water collection efficiency, increases the utilization of small precipitation; By wide-narrow row planting, crop marginal effect is effectively utilized to improve output; Kept by autumn overlay film and assemble time out moisture, improving date of seeding Soil moisture and temperature, overcome Low Temperature in Spring drought, realizing the neat seedling of seedling and strengthen.Use special ridging laminating machine, realize ridging-overlay film integration, saving of labor, save time, can the advantage such as large-scale planting, reach the object of Maize Production high-yield and high-efficiency.Compared with the full film mulching plant of traditional corn, it will be broadcast preplanting treatment overlay film and change whole ground overlay film in autumn into, change plastic film mulching, all capable plantation into furrow wide-narrow row planting, secondary dressing is carried out to prevent and treat Abnormal Seedlings to corn seed, and from selection of land, whole, soil disinfection, ridging overlay film and management, Fruit variety and seed treatment, sowing, the rational application of fertilizer, field management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, the in good time several aspect of results, comprehensive detailed description has been done to the plantation that nonirrigated farmland full film double-furrow broadcasts corn.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is: seedbed preparation overlay film is changed into whole ground overlay film in autumn, for Techniques in Dry-farming Areas, reduces time out evaporation of soil water to greatest extent, improves corn date of seeding soil moisture in sowing, be beneficial to emergence of corn and early growth; Change traditional plastic film mulching, all capable plantation into furrow wide-narrow row planting, strengthen ventilation and penetrating light, for corn growth builds good environment, make full use of marginal effect, significantly improve corn yield, under dry farming, comparatively half film covers corn yield increasing more than 30%, and comparatively bare area is flat does volume increase more than 45%.

Embodiment

embodiment 1:

Illustrate with Anding District, Dingxi City, Gansu Province (height above sea level about 1970m, average annual rainfall 415mm) corn on dry land full film double-furrow sowing planting:

1. apply fertilizer, whole:if mu executes high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure 2000 ~ 3000kg(one film 2 years use after preceding crop results, farmyard manure amount of application should be increased to 5000kg then) mix with zinc sulphate 2 ~ 3kg, be evenly sprinkling upon earth's surface, bury with rotovator rotary tillage.Tilling depth reaches 25 ~ 30cm, ploughs a kind of farm tools in time, smooth earth's surface after ploughing.

2. soil disinfection:soil insect is caused harm serious plot, and during whole ground ridging, every mu of use 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.5kg adds thin sand and soil 30kg, mixes pesticide-clay mixture and spreads fertilizer over the fields, or is watered 50kg and sprays.A band is sprayed again, to improve drug effect after often having sprayed a band covering with plastic film.The plot that Weed infestation is serious, is watered 50kg full ground spraying with 50% acetochlor ec 100g after whole ground ridging.

3. base manure and topdressing:execute high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure 2000 ~ 3000kg for every mu to mix with zinc sulphate 2 ~ 3kg, be evenly sprinkling upon earth's surface during whole ground before ridging, rotary tillage is buried.Urea 25 ~ 35kg, superphosphate 30 ~ 35kg, potassium sulfate 15 ~ 20kg, be evenly sprinkling upon in the ridge band of micro-ridge after chemical fertilizer mixing.

4. ridging:tableland, river is moved towards by crop-planting, is broadcast ridging laminating machine or small-sized fertilizing ridger ditching, ridging overlay film along contour corn full film double-furrow to gentle slope, large row spacing 70cm, high 10cm, little row spacing 40cm, high 15cm, often band corresponding small one and large one, face, one high and one low two ridges.Require that furrow width is even, height is consistent.Ridging overlay film is worked continuously, and prevents the air-dry lost moisture of soil.

5. overlay film and management:in the fall (late October freeze-up to soil before) use thickness 0.01mm, the mulch film of wide 120cm, the shallow ridges of dark about 5cm is opened along sideline, after mulch film launches, the line that keeps to the side in shallow ridges, real by soil pressure, another side is in the middle of large ridge, along mulch film every about 1m, fix with spade original place of fetching earth from film limit, and every the horizontal firming waistband of 5 ~ 6m.Two width ground film interfaces are in Kuan Long.Mulch film to be stretched during overlay film and pave, after fetching earth from face, ridge, should flatten immediately.After field overlay film completes, forbid livestock to enter trample on, prevent from strong wind from causing taking off film.Want often to check line by line along furrow, once find damaged, cover tightly with fine earth in time.Covering with plastic film, after about one week, when mulch film and ground are adjacent to, makes a call to the water seepage hole of a diameter 3mm so that precipitation infiltration every 50cm place in furrow.

6. Fruit variety and seed treatment:

Fruit variety, according to the natural conditions of locality, suits measures to local conditions to select different ripe property and different densities kind.The active accumulated temperature about 2700 DEG C of 5 ~ September >=10 DEG C, more than precipitation 500mm area based on the highly dense kind of Mid-late ripening, collocation late variety; The active accumulated temperature about 2300 DEG C of 5 ~ September >=10 DEG C, the area of precipitation about 400 ~ 500mm, based in ripe in close kind; The active accumulated temperature more than 2000 DEG C of 5 ~ September >=10 DEG C, precipitation about 300 ~ 400mm area, should based on the low close kind of mid-early maturity.

7. seed pelleting:efficient, low toxicity, low-residual the agricultural chemicals of " three cards are various " is selected to carry out secondary seed pelleting before sowing.Dressing is carried out containing the seed coat agent of 7% carbofuran as used, can control of maize Abnormal Seedlings; Select the coated pesticidal containing penta file alcohol composition, to prevent and treat maize head smut.

8. sow:

(1) seedtime: the area of active accumulated temperature more than 2700 DEG C of 5 ~ September >=10 DEG C, Optimal sowing date is on April 15 ~ 25; The active accumulated temperature of 5 ~ September >=10 DEG C is in the area of 2300 ~ 2700 DEG C, and Optimal sowing date is on April 20 ~ 30.

(2) type of seeding: with corn bunch planting apparatus by the bunch planting of seed rupture of membranes in furrow, every cave seeding down 2 ~ 3 is (if capsuled seed, then every cave seeding down 1 ~ 2), seed level 3 ~ 5cm, spacing in the rows 25 ~ 30cm, by seed pressing&sowing hole, seed and soil are combined closely immediately after program request, to obturage planting hole (about mantle thickness 2cm) with loose matters such as fine sand soil, livestock barnyard manure or ash subsequently, prevent planting hole loose moisture in the soil and meet rain impact of hardening and emerge in a large number.

(3) planting density: breeding time, longer large-spike cultivar (120 ~ 150 days breeding times) hectare was kept a full stand of seedings 4.5 ~ 5.5 ten thousand strains; Breeding time, shorter close planting type kind (110 ~ 120 days breeding times) hectare was kept a full stand of seedings 5.5 ~ 6.0 ten thousand strains; Resistance to close type kind, it is 6.0 ~ 7.0 ten thousand strains that hectare is kept a full stand of seedings.

9. field management:

(1) seedling management:

A, break ground and draw seedling: as rain before emerging, planting hole earthing easily forms a mushroom cap hardened, and causes seedling to be difficult to be unearthed, make to emerge uneven, with hand, seedling is drawn fenestra;

B, look into and kind look into bud: carry out once every 5d after sowing 10d, transplanting will be reseeded in time in the disconnected ridge that finds to be short of seedling, and waters a small amount of water, then seal eyelet with thin wet soil after filling the gaps with seedlings in the place of being short of seedling;

C, thinning final singling: after emerging during 2 ~ 3 leaves, except preventing or cure a disease, weak, assorted seedling; Final singling when seedling reaches 4 ~ 5 leaves, seedling 1 strain is stayed in every cave, retains the strong sprout of growth neat and consistent.

D, pull out and tiller: between the shooting stage after final singling, will tiller in time thoroughly gets rid of from base portion or cuts off.

(2) middle term management (jointing ~ take out hero): every mu imposes urea 10kg, diammonium phosphate 10kg.With corn bunch planting apparatus or fertilizer-applicating gun from the deep placement that punches between two spacing in the rows.Attention control corn top-rotten disease, gall smut, corn borer etc.

(3) final-period management (taking out hero ~ maturation): when tassel extract out 1/3 long time, in every line or two row remove a line tassel, are strictly on guard against band top.Generally do not topdress in the plot that fertility is high, if when finding the fertilizer deficiency symptoms such as plant jaundice, impose increasing granulated fertilizer in time, generally every mu imposes urea 5kg.

10. the extermination of disease and insect pest:

(1) grey seedling: mid or late May (before 6 leaf phases) finds diseased plant, the solution of zinc sulfate with 0.3% sprays 1 ~ 2 time;

(2) mythimna separata: in 6 months, the last ten-days period are to early July, as average every strain has a mythimna separata, spraying control when selecting fine day calm with sumicidin class missible oil 2000 ~ 3000 times of liquid, also available 50% DDT EC 1000 times of liquid spraying controls, eliminate mythimna separata before three ages;

(3) corn borer: puddle evenly with 0.5kg bacterium powder and 5 ~ 7.5kg fine sand or fine earth for every mu, must be spread in corn lobus cardiacus, every strain consumption is 1g; Or every mu of use 20% kills the washing husky 15kg filling heart that chrysanthemum fat missible oil 8 ~ 10ml or 25% Fast-growing rhizobia missible oil 50 ~ 100g mixes diameter 2mm;

(4) Ustilago maydis: plantation disease-resistant variety, uses hybridization capsuled seed; With non-cereal shift of crops 2 ~ 3 years; Mycocecidium excised in time by their early stage before the non-variable color of mycocecidium, took field out of and buried, preventing pollution soil; Remove field invalid body during results, autumn, soil was ploughed deeply in implementation, reduced and just invaded source;

(5) maize kernel rot: select disease-resistant variety and capsuled seed; Peel bract off in time, rainproof drenching is made moist; The disease that fractures fruit ear goes rotten top, prevents ear rot from expanding again; Maize straw, cob, root stubble are taked that green grass or young crops is raised in time, ammonification, make compost, the way such as burning thoroughly processes; Wash with diameter about 2mm the granule that river sand 15kg and 20% sumicidin 8 ~ 10ml and 50% carbendazim WP 50g mix and blend make, pour into corn lobus cardiacus for every mu;

(6) soil insect: can in conjunction with broadcasting preplanting treatment, every mu of use 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 15% poisons barnyard grass 300 ~ 500ml refinement dry ground with poison or washed-out sand 15kg makes pesticide-clay mixture, spreads fertilizer over the fields uniformly to ground and ploughs in time or rake the soil level; The serious plot of insect pest can poison 0.1 ~ 0.2% seed dressing of barnyard grass by seed weight with poison with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 15%.

11. gather in the crops in good time:when pone leaf turn yellow, leaf look thin out, seed is hardening glossy, and cane still in dark green, moisture more than 70% time gather in the crops in time.Fruit ear is received rear built or is entered to store up airing, and preventing from drenching with rain making moist causes seed to go mouldy, and is down to threshing storage or sale after below 13% until abundant dry moisture.

Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. nonirrigated farmland full film double-furrow broadcasts a cultivation method for corn, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

1) apply fertilizer, whole:

After preceding crop results, every mu of mixture executing well-rotted farmyard manure 2000 ~ 5000kg and zinc sulphate 2 ~ 3kg, be evenly sprinkling upon earth's surface, bury with rotovator rotary tillage, tilling depth is 25 ~ 30cm, cultivated a kind of farm tools in time after ploughing, smooth earth's surface;

2) soil disinfection:

Soil insect is caused harm serious plot, and during whole ground ridging, every mu of use 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.5kg adds thin sand and soil 30kg, mixes pesticide-clay mixture and spreads fertilizer over the fields, or is watered 50kg and sprays, and sprays a band again, to improve drug effect after often having sprayed a band covering with plastic film; The plot that Weed infestation is serious, is watered 50kg full ground spraying with 50% acetochlor ec 100g after whole ground ridging;

3) base manure and topdressing:

Base manure is every mu of mixture executing high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure 2000 ~ 3000kg and zinc sulphate 2 ~ 3kg, and be evenly sprinkling upon earth's surface during whole ground before ridging, rotary tillage is buried; Topdress as every mu is executed urea 25 ~ 35kg, superphosphate 30 ~ 35kg, potassium sulfate 15 ~ 20kg, be evenly sprinkling upon in the ridge band of micro-ridge after mixing;

4) ridging:

By crop-planting trend, broadcast ridging laminating machine or small-sized fertilizing ridger ditching, ridging overlay film along contour corn full film double-furrow to gentle slope, large row spacing 70cm, high 10cm, little row spacing 40cm, high 15cm, often band corresponding small one and large one, face, one high and one low two ridges, furrow width is even, height is consistent, and ridging overlay film is worked continuously, and prevents the air-dry lost moisture of soil;

5) overlay film and management:

Late October is in the fall to the freeze-up front cladding thickness 0.01mm of soil, the mulch film of wide 120cm, the shallow ridges of dark 5cm is opened along sideline, ridge, after mulch film launches, the line that keeps to the side in shallow ridges, real by soil pressure, another side is in the middle of large ridge, fix along mulch film every 1m spade original place of fetching earth from film limit, and every the horizontal firming waistband of 5 ~ 6m, two width ground film interfaces are in Kuan Long; Covering with plastic film, after one week, when mulch film and ground are adjacent to, makes a call to the water seepage hole of a diameter 3mm so that precipitation infiltration every 50cm place in furrow;

6) Fruit variety and quality:

Select elite hybrid gold No. 3, fringe or the first medium variety of beautiful 335, seed quality meets or exceeds country and plants more than substandard secondary;

7) seed pelleting:

Select agricultural chemicals to carry out secondary seed pelleting before sowing, use the seed coat agent containing 7% carbofuran to carry out dressing, for control of maize Abnormal Seedlings; Select the coated pesticidal containing penta file alcohol composition, for control of maize head smut;

8) sow:

April 20, with corn bunch planting apparatus by the bunch planting of seed rupture of membranes in furrow, every cave seeding down 1 ~ 2, seed level 3 ~ 5cm, mu is kept a full stand of seedings 4000 strains, by seed pressing&sowing hole, seed and soil is combined closely immediately after program request, shallow earthing, important city is pressed, and to obturage planting hole with fine sand soil, livestock barnyard manure or ash, prevents planting hole loose moisture in the soil and meet rain impact of hardening and emerge in a large number;

9) field management:

A, seedling management:

A, break ground and draw seedling: before emerging, with hand, seedling is drawn fenestra;

B, look into and kind look into bud: once look into every 5d after sowing 10d and kind look into bud, reseed transplanting in time, after filling the gaps with seedlings in the place of being short of seedling, water a small amount of water, then seal eyelet with thin wet soil;

C, thinning final singling: after emerging during 2 ~ 3 leaves, except preventing or cure a disease, weak, assorted seedling; Final singling when seedling reaches 4 ~ 5 leaves, seedling 1 strain is stayed in every cave, retains the strong sprout of growth neat and consistent;

D, pull out and tiller: between the shooting stage after final singling, will tiller in time thoroughly gets rid of from base portion or cuts off;

B, from jointing to taking out male middle term management:

Every mu imposes urea 10kg, diammonium phosphate 10kg, with corn bunch planting apparatus or fertilizer-applicating gun from the deep placement that punches between two spacing in the rows;

C, from taking out the male final-period management to maturation:

When tassel extract out 1/3 long time, in every line or two row remove a line tassel, when fertilizer deficiency symptom appears in plant, impose increasing granulated fertilizer in time, and every mu imposes urea 5kg;

10) extermination of disease and insect pest:

For grey seedling: found diseased plant before the 6 leaf phases of mid or late May, the solution of zinc sulfate with 0.3% sprays 1 ~ 2 time;

For mythimna separata: in 6 months, the last ten-days period, when selecting fine day calm with sumicidin class missible oil 2000 ~ 3000 times of liquid, spraying prevented and treated to early July, or with the 1000 times of liquid spraying controls of 50% DDT EC, mythimna separata was eliminated before three ages;

For corn borer: puddle evenly with 0.5kg bacterium powder and 5 ~ 7.5kg fine sand or fine earth for every mu, be spread in corn lobus cardiacus, every strain consumption is 1g; Or every mu of use 20% kills the washing husky 15kg filling heart that chrysanthemum fat missible oil 8 ~ 10ml or 25% Fast-growing rhizobia missible oil 50 ~ 100g mixes diameter 2mm;

For Ustilago maydis: select disease-resistant variety and hybridization capsuled seed; With non-cereal shift of crops 2 ~ 3 years; Mycocecidium excised in time by their early stage before the non-variable color of mycocecidium, and remove field invalid body during results, autumn ploughs deeply soil, reduced and just invaded source;

For maize kernel rot: select disease-resistant variety and capsuled seed; Peel bract off in time, rainproof drenching is made moist; The disease that fractures fruit ear goes rotten top, prevents ear rot from expanding again; Maize straw, cob, root stubble are taked that green grass or young crops is raised in time, ammonification, make compost, the way of burning thoroughly processes; The husky 15kg of every mu of washing with diameter 2mm, 20% sumicidin 8 ~ 10ml and the granule made of 50% carbendazim WP 50g mix and blend, pour into corn lobus cardiacus;

For soil insect: combine and broadcast preplanting treatment, every mu of use 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 15% chlopyrifos 300 ~ 500ml refinement dry ground or washed-out sand 15kg make pesticide-clay mixture, spread fertilizer over the fields uniformly to ground and plough in time or rake the soil level; 0.1 ~ 0.2% seed dressing of seed weight is pressed with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 15% chlopyrifos in the serious plot of insect pest;

11) gather in the crops in good time:

When the flavescence of pone leaf, leaf look thin out, seed is hardening glossy, and cane still in dark green, moisture more than 70% time gather in the crops, fruit ear is received rear built or is entered to store up airing, and preventing from drenching with rain making moist causes seed to go mouldy, and drops to threshing storage after below 13% until being fully dried to moisture.