CN1047163C - 氢氰化方法及所用多配位亚磷酸酯和镍催化剂复合物 - Google Patents
氢氰化方法及所用多配位亚磷酸酯和镍催化剂复合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1047163C CN1047163C CN95195429A CN95195429A CN1047163C CN 1047163 C CN1047163 C CN 1047163C CN 95195429 A CN95195429 A CN 95195429A CN 95195429 A CN95195429 A CN 95195429A CN 1047163 C CN1047163 C CN 1047163C
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Links
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000005669 hydrocyanation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title abstract description 69
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- CFEYBLWMNFZOPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylacetonitrile Natural products C=CCCC#N CFEYBLWMNFZOPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 75
- UVKXJAUUKPDDNW-NSCUHMNNSA-N (e)-pent-3-enenitrile Chemical compound C\C=C\CC#N UVKXJAUUKPDDNW-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 claims description 65
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- -1 substituted-phenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000008301 phosphite esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000010181 polygamy Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910007926 ZrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 2
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 191
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 78
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 41
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 39
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 38
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 32
- CRBJBYGJVIBWIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-isopropylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1O CRBJBYGJVIBWIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 14
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 12
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- ISBHMJZRKAFTGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-2-enenitrile Chemical compound CCC=CC#N ISBHMJZRKAFTGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZOTPRNGZOCVFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-4-methoxyphenol Chemical group COC1=CC=C(O)C(C=2C(=CC=C(OC)C=2)O)=C1 ZOTPRNGZOCVFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- MGSRCZKZVOBKFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N thymol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1O MGSRCZKZVOBKFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JEFSTMHERNSDBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CCC1(C)O JEFSTMHERNSDBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PJKVFARRVXDXAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthaldehyde Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C=O)=CC=C21 PJKVFARRVXDXAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005844 Thymol Substances 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011885 synergistic combination Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960000790 thymol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- PPTXVXKCQZKFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (S)-(-)-1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C3=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=C3O)=C(O)C=CC2=C1 PPTXVXKCQZKFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISBHMJZRKAFTGE-ONEGZZNKSA-N (e)-pent-2-enenitrile Chemical compound CC\C=C\C#N ISBHMJZRKAFTGE-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPVRKFOKCKORDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ol Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)(O)CC=C1 QPVRKFOKCKORDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDCJAPJJFZWILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylbutanedinitrile Chemical compound CCC(C#N)CC#N GDCJAPJJFZWILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBYWHFTZNVZQHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-6-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-4-methoxyphenol Chemical group CC(C)(C)C1=CC(OC)=CC(C=2C(=C(C=C(OC)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O CBYWHFTZNVZQHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IYABWNGZIDDRAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N allene Chemical compound C=C=C IYABWNGZIDDRAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950011260 betanaphthol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 230000020335 dealkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006900 dealkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010265 fast atom bombardment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycolonitrile Natural products N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- LOTBYPQQWICYBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl n-hexyl-n-[2-(hexylamino)ethyl]carbamate Chemical group CCCCCCNCCN(C(=O)OC)CCCCCC LOTBYPQQWICYBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LVIYYTJTOKJJOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Ni+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 LVIYYTJTOKJJOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005574 norbornylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012041 precatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003822 preparative gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MXSVLWZRHLXFKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylborane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1B(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MXSVLWZRHLXFKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by addition of hydrogen cyanide or salts thereof to unsaturated compounds
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Abstract
一种用于其烯基双键与分子中其它任何不饱和基不发生共轭的脂肪族单烯基不饱和化合物或其烯基双键与一酯基共轭的单烯基不饱和化合物的氢氰化方法,该方法在一种Lewis酸助剂存在下使用一种含零价镍和一种多配位亚磷酸酯配体的催化剂复合物。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于单烯基不饱和化合物氢氰化的一种方法和催化剂复合物,其中零价镍和一种多配位亚磷酸酯配体在一种Lewis酸助剂存在下使用。
发明背景
氢氰化催化剂体系,特别是用于烯基不饱和化合物氢氰化的催化剂体系,技术上已为人们熟悉。例如,适用于丁二烯氢氰化生成戊烯腈(PN)以及戊烯腈后续氢氰化生成己二腈(ADN)的体系在商业上重要的尼龙合成领域是熟知的。
使用具有单配位亚磷酸酯配体的过渡金属配合物进行烯基不饱和化合物的氢氰化,在早先技术中已有记载,可参见例如,U.S.Patents3,496,215;3,631,191;3,655,723;和3,766,237以及Tolman et al.,Advances in Catalysis,33,1,1985。活化烯基不饱和化合物,如共轭烯基不饱和化合物(如丁二烯和苯乙烯),和应变烯基不饱和化合物(如降冰片烯)可在不使用Lewis酸助剂情况下进行氢氰化,而非活化烯基不饱和化合物,如1-辛烯和3-戊烯腈的氢氰化需要使用Lewis酸助剂。
例如,在U.S.Patent 3,496,217中讲述了助剂在氢氰化反应中的使用。该专利公开了使用选自作催化剂助剂的带有多种阴离子的多种金属阳离子化合物的一种助剂对氢氰化的改进。U.S.Patent 3,496,218公开了用各种含硼化合物,包括三苯基硼和碱金属硼氢化物作助剂的一种镍氢氰化催化剂。U.S.Patent 4,774,353公开了在一种零价镍催化剂和一种三有机锡催化剂助剂存在下,由不饱和腈,包括PN,制备双腈,包括ADN的一种方法。此外,U,S,Patent 4,874,884公开了在根据ADN合成反应动力学选择的一种助剂协同组合存在下,由零价镍催化的戊烯腈氢氰化生严ADN的一种方法。
事实表明,亚磷酸酯配体是活化的烯基不饱和化合物氢氰化中的有用配体。参见例如,Baker,M,J.,and Pringle,P,G.,J.Chem.Soc.,Chem,Commun.,1292,1991;Baker et al.,J.Chem.Soc.,Chem.Commun.,803,1991;Union Carbide,WO 93,03839.另外,还公开了与铑一起用于官能化烯基不饱和化合物氢甲酰化的亚磷酸酯配体:参见Cuny et al.,J.Am Chem.Soc.,1993,115,2066。
本发明提供比现有用于单烯基不饱和化合物氢氰化的方法和催化剂配合物更快速、选择性更高、更有效、更稳定的一种新奇方法和催化剂前体配合物。本领域技术人员在参见了本发明以下的详细叙述后,本发明其它目的和优点会更清楚了。
发明概述
本发明提供了一种氢氰化方法,它包括在含Lewis酸,零价镍和选自下列结构式Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、和Ⅶ至少一种多配位亚磷酸酯配体的一种催化剂前体复合物存在下,将一种无环、脂肪族、单烯基不饱和化合物与一种HCN源反应,不饱和化合物中的烯基双键不与分子中任何其它烯基共轭,或者与一有机酯基共轭,结构式中所有相同的参照符号,如不再明确指出,均具有同样含义。结构式Ⅰ 结构式Ⅱ结构式Ⅲ 结构式Ⅳ结构式Ⅴ 结构式Ⅵ结构式Ⅶ其中,
每个R1独立地是H、卤素、C1至C6烷基,或OR3,其中R3是C1至C6烷基;
每个R2独立地是3至6个碳原子的仲或叔烃基;
每个R2′独立地是H、卤素、OR3其中R3是C1至C6烷基;或1至6个碳原子的伯、仲或叔烃基;对结构式Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ,R2′在氧的间位或对位;
每个R5′独立地是H或1至3个碳原子的伯或仲烃基,处于氧的邻位或间位,或CO2R3′,其中R3′是C1至C4烷基;和
每个X独立地是O或CH(R4′),其中R4′是H,取代苯基或C1至C6烷基;
这里的术语“仲”和“叔”是指与芳环键接的碳原子;
并且在结构式Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅴ中至少有一个R2不能是叔烃基。
在上述催化剂复合物中,Lewis酸被看作一种助剂。
本发明还提供了一种主要由零价镍和选自如上定义的结构式Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、和Ⅶ中至少一种多配位亚磷酸酯配体组成的催化剂复合物。
优选实施方案详述
适用于本发明方法的有代表性的烯基不饱和化合物示于分子式Ⅷ或X,对应的末端腈产物分别以分子式Ⅸ或Ⅺ表示,其中相同的参照符号具有相同含义。分子式Ⅷ 分子式Ⅸ或分子式Ⅹ 分子式Ⅺ其中R4是H、CN、CO2R5或全氟烷基;y是0至12的整数;当R4是H、CO2R或全氟烷基时,X是0至12的整数;当R4是CN时,X是1至12的整数;R5是烷基。
适用于本发明催化剂复合物的配体之一由前面定义的结构式Ⅰ说明。结构式Ⅰ中的烷基可以是直链或支链的。当R1是OR3时,R3可以是伯、仲或叔基;例子包括甲基、乙基、异丙基和叔丁基。在优选的配体中,两个R1基是H、甲氧基或氯。正如定义参照符号时所说,结构式Ⅰ中不能所有的R2基都是叔烃基;参见比较例3中配体“A2”。本技术领域对术语“烃基”已很熟悉,它指的是去掉一个氢原子的烃分子。这种结构可含有单、双或三键。在优选的结构式Ⅰ配体中,R2都是异丙基,R1是甲氧基,R5′是氢。在结构式Ⅱ中,X最好是CH(Et),其中Et代表乙基,R2都是异丙基,R2′是氢,每个R1和R5′都是甲基,其中R5′位于氧原子的邻位。也不能所有的R2基都是叔烃基;参见比较例13中配体“J2”。在优选的结构式Ⅲ配体中,每个R2是异丙基,每个R2′是氢,X是CHR4′,其中R4′是4-甲氧基苯基,每个R5′是氢。在优选的结构式Ⅳ配体中,每个R2基是异丙基,每个R2′和R5′是氢。在优选的结构式Ⅴ配体中,每个R2基是异丙基,每个R2′基处于R2对位时是甲基,其余是氢。每个R5′是氢。在优选的结构式Ⅵ配体中,每个R2基是异丙基,每个R2′是氢,每个R5′是氢。在优选的结构式Ⅶ配体中,每个R2基是异丙基,每个R2′基是氢,每个R5′基是氢。
本发明催化剂复合物可看做一种“前体”复合物,这是因为在某个时刻,零价镍与多配位亚磷酸酯配体发生配位,进而多半在氢氰化反应中发生附加反应,例如初始催化剂复合物与烯基不饱和化合物发生配位。
这些配体可用技术上已知的许多种方法来制备,参见MitsubishiKasei Corporation的European Patent Application 92109599.8和相应的Sato et al.的U.S.Patent 5,235,113中的说明。2-异丙基苯酚与三氯化磷反应生成氯代亚磷酸酯,该化合物在三乙基胺存在下与2,2′-二羟基-5,5′-二甲氧基-1,1′联苯反应即得到上面指出的结构式Ⅰ的优选配体。
零价镍化合物可用技术上熟知的方法来制备或生产,例如象U.S.Patents 3,496,217;3,631,191;3,846,461;3,847,959和3,903,120中描述的那样,这些专利在此引入作为参考。含有可被有机磷配体取代的配体的零价镍化合物是优选的零价镍来源。两种这类优选的零价镍化合物是Ni(COD)2(COD是1,5-环辛二烯)和Ni{P(O-o-C6H4CH3)3}2(C2H4),它们在技术上都是已知的。还可以将二价镍与一种还原剂联合,在反应中用作零价镍来源。适宜的二价镍化合物包括分子式为NiY2的化合物,其中Y是卤素,羧酸根,或乙酰丙酮基。适宜的还原剂包括金属硼氢化物、金属铝氢化物、烷基金属、Zn、Fe、Al、Na或H2。当元素镍,最好是镍粉,与U.S.Patent 3,903,120中所述卤化的催化剂联合时,也是一种适宜的零价镍来源。
适用于本发明的非共轭、无环、脂肪族、单烯基不饱和起始材料包括含2至大约30个碳原子的不饱和有机化合物。3-戊烯腈和4-戊烯腈特别优选。事实上,当按照本发明使用非共轭无环脂肪族单烯基不饱和化合物时,直至大约10%重量的单烯基不饱和化合物可能以一种共轭异构体的形式存在,其本身进行氢氰化。例如,当使用3-戊烯腈时,其中2-戊烯腈重量可多至10%(这里所用术语“戊烯腈”的意义同于“氰丁烯”)。适宜的不饱和化合物包括非取代烃以及被不与催化剂反应的基团如氰基取代的烃。这些不饱和化合物包括含2至30个碳的单烯基不饱和化合物如乙烯、丙烯、丁烯-1、戊烯-2、己烯-2等,非共轭二烯基不饱和化合物如丙二烯,取代化合物如3-戊烯腈,4-戊烯腈、戊-3-烯酸甲酯,和含全氟烷基取代基如CzF2z+1的烯基不饱和化合物,其中Z是直至20的整数。单烯基不饱和化合物也可与-酯基共轭,如戊-2-烯酸甲酯。
适用于本发明的起始烯基不饱和化合物及其氢氰化产物是前文表示的分子式Ⅷ至Ⅺ。分子式Ⅷ的化合物可生成分子式Ⅸ的末端腈,而分子式Ⅹ的化合物可生成分子式Ⅺ的末端腈。
优选的基质是非共轭线式烯烃,非共轭线式烯腈,非共轭线式烯酸酯,线式烯-2酸酯和全氟烷基乙烯。最优选的基质包括3-和4-戊烯腈,2-、3-和4-戊烯酸烷基酯和CzF2z+1CH=CH2(其中Z是1至12)。
优选的产物是末端烷基腈,线式二氰基烯,线式脂肪族氰酯和3-(全氟烷基)丙腈。最优选的产物是己二腈,5-氰戊酸烷基酯,和CzF2z+1CH2CH2CN,其中Z是1至12。
本发明氢氰化方法可按例如以下方式进行:将反应物、催化剂复合物和溶剂(如果有的话)装入反应器;但最好将氢氰酸慢速加到反应的其它组分混合物中。氢氰酸可以以液体或蒸气送到反应区。另一适用技术是用催化剂和溶剂充填反应器,将不饱和化合物和HCN缓慢供料给反应混合物,不饱和化合物对催化剂的摩尔比可在大约10∶1至大约2000∶1之间变化。
最好用例如搅拌或振动方法搅动反应介质。反应产物可用常规技术如蒸馏方法加以回收。反应可以用间歇或连续方式进行。
进行氢氰化反应可以用溶剂,也可不用溶剂。如果用,该溶剂在反应温度和压力下应当是液体并且对不饱和化合物和催化剂是惰性的。适宜溶剂包括烃,例如苯或二甲苯,和腈,例如乙腈或苄腈。在某些情况下,被氢氰化的不饱和化合物本身即可用作溶剂。
确切温度在某种程度上取决于所用具体催化剂,所用具体不饱和化合物以及要求的速度。通常,可用-25℃至200℃之间的温度,而0℃至150℃范围为优选。
大气压可满足本发明的进行,而由大约0.05至10大气压(50.6至1013kPa)为优选。如果需要,直至10,000kPa或更高的压力可以使用,但可能得到的效益多半抵消不了这种操作增加的成本。
HCN可以以蒸气或液体引入反应。作为替换方案,可用一种氰醇作HCN来源。参见例如,US.Patent 3,655,723。
本发明方法在一种或多种Lewis酸助剂存在下进行,这些助剂既影响催化体系的活性,也影响其选择性。助剂可以是一种无机或有机金属化合物,其中阳离子选自钪、钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、铜、锌、硼、铝、钇、锆、铌、钼、镉、铼和锡。例子包括ZnBr2、ZnI2、ZnCl2、ZnSO4、CuCl2、CuCl、Cu(O3SCF3)2、CoCl2、CoI2、FeI2、FeCl3、FeCl2(THF)2、TiCl4(THF)2、TiCl4、TiCl3、C1Ti(OiPr)3、MnCl2、ScCl3、AlCl3、(C8H17)AlCl2、(C8H17)2AlCl、(iso-C4H9)2AlCl、Ph2A1Cl、PhAlCl2,ReCl5、ZrCl4、NbCl5、VCl3、CrCl2、MoCl5、YCl3、CdCl2、LaCl3、Er(O3SCF3)3、Yb(O2CCF3)3、SmCl3、B(C6H5)3、TaCl5、适宜的助剂在U.S.Patents 3,496,217;3,496,218;和4,774,353中作了进一步说明。它们包括金属盐(如ZnCl2、CoI2,和SnCl2),和有机金属化合物(如RAlCl2、R3SnO3SCF3和R3B,其中R是烷基或芳基)。U.S.Patent 4,874,884描述了如何选择助剂的协同联合以提高催化体系的催化活性。优选的助剂包括CdCl2、ZnCl2、B(C6H5)3、和(C6H5)3SnX,其中X=CF3SO3,CH3C6H5SO3,或(C6H5)3BCN。反应中存在的助剂对镍的摩尔比可在大约1∶16至大约50∶1的范围内。
实施例
以下非限制,代表性实施例将阐明本发明方法和催化剂复合物。除非另外指出,所有份数、比例和百分率均以重量表示。每个实施例中如不另加说明,均使用以下步骤。
将混合物在一恒温控制的油浴中加热。将干燥氮载气通过在冰浴中保持在0℃的液体HCN进行鼓泡,籍此将HCN以HCN/N2气体混合物形式送入烧瓶。这可提供大约35% HCN(Vol/Vol)的蒸气流。周期性地用气相色谱法(GC)分析样品。在这些实施例中,ADN代表己二腈,MGN代表2-甲基戊二腈、ESN代表乙基丁二腈。COD代表二(1,5-环辛二烯),THF代表四氢呋喃。
向由PCl3和2-异丙基苯酚制得的2.0g氯代亚磷酸酯在20ml甲苯中的溶液中加入0.55g(2.95mmols)2,2′-联苯酚和1.1g(10.9mmoles)NEt3在20ml甲苯中的溶液。在氮气下搅拌过夜,然后将混合物通过Celite(Johns-Manville Company的一种产品)进行过滤,并用甲苯洗涤。于旋转蒸发器中除去残余溶剂。于是得到2.163g透明液体产品。31P{1H}(121.4MHz,C6D6):130.96ppm.1H(300MHz,C6D6):7.51(d,J=8Hz,2H),7.39(dd,J=1.6,7.5Hz,2H),7.2-6.9(m,20H),3.43(七重峰,J=6.9Hz,4H),1.19(d,J=6.9Hz,24H)同时有少量甲苯。HRMS(高分辨率质谱)对C48H52O6P2计算值:786.3239;测量值:786.3208。
实施例1A
用配体“A”/Ni(COD)2;ZnCl2
助剂进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
将342mg配体“A”和40mgNi(COD)2溶于5ml THF中。用真空蒸发法除去溶剂并加入5ml 3PN(3-戊烯腈)和20mg ZnCl2。在50℃和12ml/min氮载气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理15分钟。然后,将温度控制器设置在60℃。以15分钟间隔将温度提高到70,80和100℃。在达到100℃的15分钟后,GC分析表明有46.7%ADN,8.0%MGN和1.0%ESN。
实施例1B
用配体“A”/Ni(COD)2;ZnCl2
助剂进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
将332mg配体“A”和40mg Ni(COD)2溶于5mlTHF中。用真空蒸发法除去溶剂;然后,加入5ml 3PN和20mg ZnCl2。在70℃和12ml/min氮载气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理2小时,GC分析表明有70.0%ADN,11.6% MGN和1.4% ESN(对ADN的选择性:84%)。
实施例1C
用配体“A”/Ni(COD)12;ZnCl2
助剂进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
将330mg配体“A”和40mg Ni(COD)2溶于5ml THF中。用真空蒸发法除去溶剂;并加入5ml 3PN和20mg ZnCl2,于70℃和30ml/min氮载气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。然后,GC分析表明有26.4% ADN,4.5% MGN和0.6% ESN(对ADN的选择性:84%)。
实施例2
每个R2是异丙基,每个R5′是H,每个
R1是OCH3的结构式Ⅰ配体(配体“B”)的合成配体“B”
用文献(Tashiro el al.,Organic Preparations and Procedures Int.,8,263,1976)中介绍的方法,由2,2′-二羟基-3,3′-二叔丁基-5,5′-二甲氧基-1,1′-联苯脱烷基化来制备2,2′-二羟基-5,5′-二甲氧基-1,1′联苯。将10克AlCl3和10g 2,2′-二羟基-3,3′-二叔丁基-5,5′-二甲氧基-1,1′-联苯在125ml苯中混合并于40℃下加热3小时。将混合物在冰中冷却并缓慢加入125ml 10% HCl水溶液。分出有机层并用三份125ml 10%的NaOH洗涤。将碱性溶液用浓HCl中和并用每份100ml乙醚萃取3次。将乙醚层用Na2SO4干燥。过滤并用真空蒸发法除去溶剂后,将褐色油用己烷洗涤,产物由CH2Cl2/己烷中结晶出来,得到2.202g 2,2′-二羟基-5,5′-二甲氧基-1,1′-联苯,为白色固体。1H(300MHz,CD2Cl2):6.9-6.8(m,6H),5.71(s,2H),3.78(s,6H)。
向2g由PCl3和2-异丙基苯酚制备的氯代亚磷酸酯在20ml甲苯中的溶液中加入660mg上面制得的2,2′-二羟基-5,5′-二甲氧基-1,1′-联苯和1.01g NEt3在20ml甲苯中的溶液。将混合物搅拌过夜并通过Celite进行过滤,用甲苯洗涤。除去溶剂得到2.588g橙色油状所需产物。31P(1H)(121.4MHz,C6D6):131.41。1H NMR(核磁共振)(C6D6):7.4-6.4(22H),3.3(m,4H),3.1(s,6H),1.0(s,24H)带有少量甲苯。FBMS(快速原子轰击质谱):计算M-OCH3:815.36;实测:815.07。
实施例2A
用配体“B”/Ni(o-TTP)2(C2H4)
[其中o-TTP是P(O-o-C6H4CH3)3];
ZnCl2助剂进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
将346mg配体“B”,0.111g Ni(o-TTP)2(C2H4),和20mg ZnCl2溶解于5ml 3PN中。于70℃和30ml/min氮载气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。GC分析表明有61.2% ADN,9.9% MGN和1.3% ESN(对ADN的选择性:84.5%)。
比较例3-4A
联苯骨架
比较例3
所有R2是叔丁基,每个R2间位是
一个叔丁基,R1和R5是H的结构式Ⅰ
配体(配体“A2”)的合成配体“A2”
向3.8g由PCl3和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚得到的氯代亚酯在20ml甲苯中的溶液中加入0.75g 2,2′-联苯酚和0.809g NEt3在20ml甲苯中的溶液。将混合物搅拌过夜,然后通过Celite过滤并用甲苯洗涤。在旋转蒸发器中除去溶剂。将残余物用乙腈洗涤并过滤,得到1.381g白色固体产物。31P{1H}(121.4MHz,C6D6):132.46ppm。在161.57和139.88还有杂质造成的小峰。
比较例3A
用配体“A2”和Ni(o-TTP)2(C2H4)进行氢氰化
将448mg配体“A2”,0.111g Ni(o-TTP)2(C2H4),和20mg ZnCl2溶于5ml 3PN中。在70℃和30ml/min氮载气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。GC分析表明有0.0% ADN,0.05% MGN和0.1% ESN。
比较例3B
用配体“A2”和Ni(COD)2进行氢氰化
将452mg配体“A2”,0.040g Ni(COD)2和20mg ZnCl2溶于5ml 3PN中。在70℃和30ml/min氮载气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。GC分析表明有0.0% ADN,0.0% MGN和0.1% ESN。
比较例4
R2是-CH3,R1和R5′是H的
配体“A3”
用通常的方法,即在0℃下,于甲苯中将PCl3和邻甲酚反应,然后进行减压精馏来制备氯代亚磷酸酯。将其(1.85g,6.6mmol)溶于甲苯(30ml)中,然后将溶液冷却至0℃。加入三乙基胺(3ml),然后加2,2′-联苯酚(0.56g,3.0mmol)。于室温下将混合物搅拌过夜。将固体过滤,并于减压下除去溶剂,得到2.26g淡橙色液体。31P NMR(CDCl3):δ133.1。在144.5,131.2和3.2还有杂质造成的较小峰。1H NMR还表明有少量Et3N/盐。
比较例4A
用配体“A3”进行氢氰化
将346mg配体“A3”,0.111g Ni(o-TTP)2(C2H4),和20mg ZnCl2溶于5ml 3PN中。在70℃和30ml/min氮载气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。GC分析表明有0.0% ADN,0.05% MGN和0.0% ESN。
实施例5
每个R2是异丙基,每个R1、R2'和
R5′是H,X是-CH2-的结构式Ⅱ配
向2g由PCl3和2-异丙基苯酚得到的2g氯代亚磷酸酯在20ml甲苯中的溶液中加入595mg二(2-羟苯基)甲烷和1.01g NEt3在.20ml甲苯中的溶液。将混合物搅拌过夜,通过Celite过滤,并用甲苯洗涤。除去溶剂得到2.514g淡黄色油状所需产物。31P{1H}(121.4MHz,C6D6):131.33。1H NMR(C6D6):4.11(s,2H),3.2(m,4H),0.98(d,24H),伴有芳烃共振和少量甲苯。HRMS:计算C49H54O6P2:800.3396;实测:800.3017。
实施例5A
用配体“C”/Ni(O-TPP)2(C2H4)
ZnCl2助剂进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
将337mg配体“C”,0.111g Ni(o-TPP)2(C2H4),和20mg ZnCl2溶于5ml 3PN。在70℃和30ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时,GC分析表明有52.4% ADN,11.3% MGN和1.6% ESN(对ADN的选择性:80%)。
实施例6
每个R2是异丙基,每个R2是H,
每个R1和R5′是-CH3,X是-C(H)(CH3)-
向2g由PCl3和2-异丙基苯酚得到的氯代亚酯在20ml甲苯中的溶液中,加入803mg按照Yamada et a1.,Bull.Chem.Soc.Jpn.62,3603(1989)制备的2,2′-亚乙基二(4,6-二甲基苯酚),和0.900g NEt3在20ml甲苯中的溶液。将混合物搅拌过夜,通过Celite过滤,并用甲苯洗涤。除去溶剂得到2.603克淡黄色油状所需产物。31P{1H}(121.4MHz,C6D6):133.53。在133.19,131.25和130.36,127.59和105.81ppm还有杂质造成的弱峰。FBMS对M+H计算值:871.43;实测值:871.40。
实施例6A
用配体“D”/Ni(COD)2;ZnCl2
助剂进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
将366mg配体“D”,0.040g Ni(COD)2,和20mg ZnCl2溶于5ml 3PN中。在70℃和30ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。GC分析表明有55.6% ADN,7.8% MGN和1.4% ESN(对ADN的选择性:86%)。
实施例7
每个R2是异丙基,R2′是甲基
R1和R5′是H,X是-CH2-的
向2g由PCl3和5-甲基2-异丙基苯酚得到的氯代亚酯在20ml甲苯中的溶液中,加入549mg二(2-羟基苯基)甲烷和0.910g NEt3在20ml甲苯中的溶液。将混合物搅拌过夜,通过Celite过滤,并用甲苯洗涤。除去溶剂得到2.379g淡黄色油状所需产物。31P{1H}(121.4MHz,C6D6):131.69。在132.24和130.9还有杂质造成的弱峰。FBMS:计算的C53H62O6P2:856.41;实测:855.63。
实施例7A
用配体“E”/Ni(COD)2;ZnCl2
助剂进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
将360mg配体“E”,和0.040g Ni(COD)2溶于5ml THF中。除去溶剂,加入20mg ZnCl2和5ml 3PN。在70℃和30ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。GC分析表明有5.8% ADN,1.4% MGN和0.2% ESN(对ADN的选择性:78%)。
实施例7B
用配体“E”/Ni(COD)2;ZnCl2
助剂进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
将360mg配体“E”,40mg Ni(COD)2溶于5ml THF。用真空蒸发法除去溶剂。向残余物中加入5ml 3PN和20mg ZnCl2。在70℃和12ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理2小时。GC分析表明有27.4% ADN,5.3% MGN,和0.7% ESN(对ADN的选择性82.1%)。
实施例8
每个R2是异丙基,每个R1是Cl,
R2′和R5′是H,X是-CH2-的
配体“F”
向2g由PCl3和2-异丙基苯酚得到的氯代亚磷酸酯在20ml甲苯中的溶液中加入799mg 2,2′-亚甲基二(4-氯苯酚)和900mg NEt3在20ml甲苯中的溶液。将混合物搅拌过夜,通过Ceilte过滤,并用甲苯洗涤。除去溶剂得到2.678g淡黄色透明油状所需产物。31P{1H}(121.4MHz,C6D6):131.6。1H NMR(C6D6):4.16(s,2H),3.51(m,4H),1.3(d,24H)伴有芳烃共振和少量甲苯。FBMS:计算M+H:869.27;实测:868.96。
实施例8A
用配体“F”/Ni(o-TTP)2(C2H4);
ZnCl2助剂进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
将337mg配体“F”,0.111g Ni(o-TTP)2(C2H4),和20mg ZnCl2溶于5ml 3PN中。在70℃和30ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。然后,GC分析表明有23.6% ADN,5.3% MGN和1.2% ESN(对ADN的选择性:79%)。
实施例8B
用配体“F”/Ni(COD)2;ZnCl2
助剂进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
将365mg配体“F”,40mg Ni(COD)2溶于5ml THF中。用真空蒸发法除去溶剂。向残余物中加入5ml 3PN和20mg ZnCl2。在70℃和12ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理2小时。GC分析表明有51.4% ADN,11.5% MGN,和2.4% ESN(对ADN的选择性:82.6%)。
实施例9
每个R2是异丙基;R2对位的每个
R2′是甲基,每个R1是Cl,每个R5′是H,
X是-CH2-的结构式Ⅱ配体(配体“G”)的合成
配体“G”
向1.42g由PCl3和2-异丙基苯酚得到的氯代亚酯在20ml甲苯中的溶液中加入523mg 2,2′-亚甲基二(4-氯苯酚)和0.607mg NEt3在20ml甲苯中的溶液。将混合物搅拌过夜,通过Celite过滤,并用甲苯洗涤。除去溶剂得到2.07g无色油状所需产物。31P{1H}(121.4MHz,C6D6):131.87。FBMS:计算M+H:(M=C53H60O6 P2Cl2):925.33;实测:925.25。
实施例9A
用配体“G”/Ni(COD)2;
ZnCl2助剂进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
将389mg配体“G”,40mg Ni(COD)2溶于5ml THF中。用真空蒸发法除去溶剂,加入5ml 3PN和20mg ZnCl2。在70℃和30ml/min氮载气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。GC分析表明有6.1% ADN,1.7% MGN和0.25% ESN(对ADN的选择性:76%)。
实施例9B
用配体“G”/Ni(COD)2;
ZnCl2助剂进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
将389mg配体“G”,40mg Ni(COD)2溶于5ml THF中。用真空蒸发法除去溶剂,向残余物中加入5ml 3PN和20mg ZnCl2。在70℃和12ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理2小时。GC分析表明有21.2% ADN,3.1% MGN和,0.5% ESN(对ADN的选择性:82.7%)。
实施例10
每个R2是异丙基,每个R2′和R5′是H,
X是-CH(对-甲氧基苯基)-
的结构式Ⅲ配体(配体“H”)的合成
配体“H”
向2g由PCl3和2-异丙基苯酚得到的氯代亚酯在20ml甲苯中的溶液中,加入1.207g商品对-甲氧亚苄基1,1′(二(2-萘酚))和1.01g NEt3在20ml甲苯中的溶液。将混合物搅拌过夜,通过Celite过滤,并用甲苯洗涤。除去溶剂得到2.916g淡黄色油状所需产物。31P{1H}(121.4MHz,C6D6):130.10。在132.52ppm还有杂质造成的弱峰。
实施例10A
用配体“H”进行氢氰化
将423mg配体“H”,0.040g Ni(COD)2,和20mg ZnCl2溶于5ml 3PN中。在70℃和30ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。GC分析表明有16.9% ADN,2.8% MGN和0.5% ESN(对ADN的选择性:83%)。
实施例10B
用配体“H”进行氢氰化
将423mg配体“H”,40mg Ni(COD)2溶于5ml THF中。用真空蒸发法除去溶剂,向残余物中加入5ml 3PN和20mg ZnCl2。在70℃和12ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理2小时。GC分析表明有36.8% ADN,6.6% MGN和1.0% ESN(对ADN的选择性:82.6%)。
实施例11
每个R2是异丙基;R2对位的
每个R2′,R1和R5′是甲基,X是-CH(CH3)-
配体“Ⅰ”
向2g由PCl3和5-甲基2-异丙基苯酚得到的氯代亚酯在20ml甲苯中的溶液中,加入0.741g按照Yamada et al.,Bull.Chem.Soc.Jpn.62,3603(1989)制备的2,2′-亚乙基二(4,6-二甲基苯酚),和1.0g NEt3在20ml甲苯中的溶液。将混合物搅拌过夜,通过Celite过滤,并用甲苯洗涤。除去溶剂得到2.427g淡黄色油状所需产物。31P{1H}(121.4MHz,C6D6):135.15。在137.10,132.5,132.0和106.4ppm还有杂质造成的弱峰。FBMS:计算M+H:927.48;实测:中等强度离子簇在925.41。
实施例11A
用配体“Ⅰ”进行氢氰化
将389mg配体“Ⅰ”,0.040g Ni(COD)2,和20mg ZnCl2溶于5ml 3PN中。在70℃和30ml/min氮载气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。GC分析表明有3.1% ADN,2.7% MGN,和0.4% ESN(对ADN的选择性:91%)。
实施例11B
用配体“Ⅰ”进行氢氰化
将389mg配体“Ⅰ”,40mg Ni(COD)2溶于5ml THF中。用真空蒸发法除去溶剂。向残余物中加入5ml 3PN和20mg ZnCl2。在70℃和12ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理2小时。GC分析表明有48.3% ADN,4.2% MGN和0.5% ESN(对ADN的选择性:91.1%)。
实施例12
每个R2是异丙基;每个R2′是H,
每个R1和R5′是甲基,X是-CH(CH2CH3)-
的结构式Ⅱ配体(配体“J”)的合成
配体“J”
向2g由PCl3和2-异丙基苯酚得到的氯代亚酯在20ml甲苯中的溶液中,加入0.845g 2,2′-亚丙基二(4,6-二甲基苯酚)(按照Yamada et al.,同前引文的方法制备)和1.0g NEt3在20ml甲苯中的溶液。将混合物搅拌过夜,通过Celite过滤,并用甲苯洗涤。除去溶剂得到2.77g黄色油状所需产物。31P{1H}(121.4 MHz,C6D6):134.68。在136.22,132.26,128.6和105.29ppm还有杂质造成的弱峰。FBMS:计算M+H:885.44;实测:885.39。
实施例12A
用配体“J”进行氢氰化
将372mg配体“J”,0.040g Ni(COD)2,和20mg ZnCl2溶于5ml 3PN中。在70℃和30ml/min氮载气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。GC分析表明有67% ADN,7.2% MGN,和0.g% ESN (对ADN的选择性:89%)。
比较例13-13B
二苯基甲烷骨架
比较例13
每个R2和R2间位的R2′是叔丁基,
每个R1和R5′是H,X是-CH2-
的结构式Ⅱ配体(配体“J2”)的合成配体“J2”
向2g由PCl3和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚得到的氯代亚酯在20ml甲苯中的溶液中,加入420mg二(2-羟基苯基)甲烷和607mg NEt3在20ml甲苯中的溶液。将混合物搅拌过夜,通过Celite过滤,并用甲苯洗涤。除去溶剂得到2.238g淡黄色油状所需产物。31P{1H}(121.4MHz,C6D6);131.35。在132.6,132.0,131.7,131.6,130.3,和121.8ppm还有杂质造成的弱峰。
比较例13A
用配体“J2”/Ni(O-TTP)2(C2H4);
(其中O-TTP是P(O-o-C6H4CH3)3);
ZnCl2助剂进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
将454mg配体“J2”,0.111g Ni(O-TTP)2(C2H4),和20mg ZnCl2溶于5ml 3PN中。在70℃和30ml/min氮载气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。GC分析表明有2.0% ADN,0.8% MGN和0.2% ESN(对ADN的选择性:67%)。
比较例13B
用配体“J2”/Ni(COD)2进行氢氰化
将454mg配体“J2”,0.040g Ni(COD)2,和20mg ZnCl2溶于5ml 3PN中。在70℃和30ml/min氮载气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。然后,GC分析表明有0.9% ADN,0.4% MGN和0.2% ESN。
实施例14
每个R2是异丙基;每个
R2',R5′和R1是H,X是-O-
的结构式Ⅱ配体(配体“K”)的合成
配体“K”
向2g由PCl3和2-异丙基苯酚得到的氯代亚酯在20ml甲苯中的溶液中加入0.601g 2,2′-二羟基苯基醚和1.0g NEt3在20ml甲苯中的溶液。将混合物搅拌过夜,通过Celite过滤,并用甲苯洗涤。除去溶剂得到2.44g无色油状所需产物。31P{1H}(121.4MHz,C6D6):131.6。在132.12和131.8ppm还有杂质造成的弱峰。
实施例14A
用配体“K”进行氢氰化
将369mg配体“K”,和0.040g Ni(COD)2,和20mg ZnCl2溶于5ml 3PN。在70℃和30ml/min氮载气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。GC分析表明有30% ADN,7.l% MGN和1.0% ESN(对ADN的选择性:79%)。
实施例14B
用配体“K”进行氢氰化
将337mg配体“K”,40mg Ni(COD)2溶于5ml THF中。用真空蒸发法除去溶剂。向残余物中加入5ml 3PN和20mg ZnCl2。在70℃和12ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理2小时。GC分析表明有68.2% ADN,15.4% MGN,和3.2% ESN(对ADN的选择性:78.6%)。
实施例15
每个R2是异丙基;R2对位的
每个R2′是甲基,每个R5′和R1是H
配体“L”
向2g由PCl3和5-甲基-2-异丙基苯酚得到的氯代亚酯在20ml甲苯中的溶液中,加入0.554g 2,2′-二羟基苯基醚和1.0g NEt3在20ml甲苯中的溶液。将混合物搅拌过夜,通过Celite过滤,并用甲苯洗涤。除去溶剂得到2.46g无色油状所需产物。31P(1H}(121.4 MHz,C6D6):131.81。在132.3和132.0ppm还有杂质造成的弱峰。
实施例15A
用配体“L”进行氢氰化
将359mg配体“L”,0.040g Ni(COD)2,和20mg ZnCl2溶于5ml 3PN中。在70℃和30ml/min氮载气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。然后,GC分析表明有55% ADN,12.0% MGN和1.0% ESN(对ADN的选择性:80%)。
实施例16
每个R2是异丙基;每个R2′是H,
每个R5′和R1是甲基,X是-CH(CH3)-
向2g由PCl3和2-异丙基苯酚得到的氯代亚酯在20ml甲苯中的溶液中,加入803mg按照Yamada et al.,同前引文的方法制备的2,2′-亚乙基二(4,5-二甲基苯酚)和1g NEt3在20ml甲苯中的溶液。将混合物搅拌过夜,通过Celite过滤,并用甲苯洗涤。除去溶剂得到2.541g透明油状所需产物。31P{1H}(121.4 MHz,C6D6):130.7。在132.06,131.14,和130.14还有弱峰。
实施例16A
用配体“D2”/Ni(COD)2;
ZnCl2助剂进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
将370mg配体“D2”,0.040g Ni(COD)2,和20mg ZnCl2溶于5ml 3PN中。在70℃和30ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。GC分析表明有24.7% ADN,6.0% MGN,和0.7% ESN(对ADN的选择性:79%)。
实施例16B
用配体“D2”/Ni(COD)2;
ZnCl2助剂进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
将366mg配体“D2”,40mg Ni(COD)2溶于5ml THF中。用真空蒸发法除去溶剂。向残余物中加入5ml 3PN和20mg ZnCl2。在70℃和12ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理2小时。GC分析表明有36.2% ADN,8.7% MGN,和1.0% ESN(对ADN的选择性:79.0%)。
实施例17
每个R2是异丙基;每个R2′和R5′是H
配体“M”
向20ml-40℃的含1.145g 2,2′-联萘酚和1.21g NEt3的甲苯溶液中加入1.0g 1,1′-联苯-2,2′-氯代亚磷酸二酯在20ml甲苯中的溶液。将混合物加热至室温并搅拌过夜。其中再加入20ml含由PCl3和2-异丙基苯酚得到氯代亚酯的甲苯溶液。搅拌两天后,将混合物通过Celite过滤,并用甲苯洗涤。除去溶剂得到3.382g褐色固体。31P{1H}(121.4MHz,C6D6):145.3δ,131.2δ在146.6,146.4,146.3,132.2和131.0还有杂质造成的弱峰。FBMS:实测:885.30。由于可能存在某种杂质,该FBMS数据符合配体“M”表示的结构。
实施例17A
用配体“M”/Ni(o-TTP)2(C2H4);
ZnCl2助剂进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
将331mg配体“M”,0.111g Ni(o-TTP)2(C2H4),和20mg ZnCl2溶于5ml 3PN中。在70℃和30ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。然后,GC分析表明有19.2% ADN,3.7% MGN和0.7% ESN(对ADN的选择性:81%)。
实施例17B
用配体“M”/Ni(COD)2;
ZnCl2助剂进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
将344mg配体“M”和0.040g Ni(COD)2,和20mg ZnCl2溶于5ml3PN中。在70℃和30ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。GC分析表明有41% ADN,7.1% MGN和1.1% ESN(对ADN的选择性:83%)。实施例18每个R2是异丙基;每个R2′和R5′是H的结构式V配体(配体“N”)的合成
配体“N”
向2g由PCl3和2-异丙基苯酚得到的氯代亚磷酸酯在20ml甲苯中的溶液中,加入850mg 1,1′-联-2萘酚和1.2g NEt3在20ml甲苯中的溶液。将混合物搅拌过夜,通过Celite过滤,并用甲苯洗涤。除去溶剂得到2.711g黄色液体所需产物。31P{1H}(121.4MHz,C6D6):131.51。FBMS对所需产物C56H56O6P2的M+1计算值:887.36;实测:887.37。
实施例18A
用配体“N”/Ni(COD)2;ZnCl2
助剂进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
将373mg配体“N”,和0.040g Ni(COD)2,溶于5ml含20mg ZnCl2的3PN中。在70℃和30ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。GC分析表明有21.5% ADN,3.3% MGN和0.5% ESN(对ADN的选择性:85%)。
实施例18B
用配体“N”/Ni(COD)2;
ZnCl2助剂进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
将373mg配体“N”,40mg Ni(COD)2溶于5ml THF中。用真空蒸发法除去溶剂。向残余物中加入5ml 3PN和20mg ZnCl2。在70℃和30ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。GC分析表明有58.9% ADN,9.2% MGN,和1.1% ESN(对ADN的选择性:83.3%)。
实施例19
每个R2是异丙基,R2对位的
向20ml含2.0g由PCl3和5-甲基-2-异丙基苯酚得到的氯代亚磷酸酯的甲苯溶液中,加入0.785g 1,1′-联-2-萘酚和0.910g NEt3在20ml甲苯中的溶液。将混合物搅拌过夜,通过Celite过滤,并用甲苯洗涤。除去溶剂得到2.569g橙色油状物。31P{1H}(121.4MHz,C6D6):131.246。在145.73和132.31还有杂质造成的弱峰。FBMS:实测:941.64;对C60H64O6P2计算值:942.42。
实施例19A
用配体“O”/Ni(COD)2;
ZnCl2助剂进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
将396mg配体“O”,0.040g Ni(COD)2,和20mg ZnCl2溶于5ml 3PN中。在70℃和30ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。GC分析表明有63% ADN,8.0% MGN和0.8% ESN(对ADN的选择性:88%)。
比较例20
每个R2和R2间位的R2′是叔丁基,
其它R2′是H,R5′是H的
配体“P”
将三氯化磷(0.55g,4.0mmols)溶于甲苯(10ml)中并在冰/盐浴中冷却。另将2,4-二叔丁基苯酚(1.65g,8.0mmols)和三乙基胺(2.1ml;15mmols)溶于甲苯(10ml)中。将该溶液逐滴加进冷PCl溶液中。30分钟后,将混合物加热回流75分钟。再将该混合物在冰浴中冷却,并逐滴加入1,1′-联(2-萘酚)(0.57g,2.0mmol)的甲苯溶液。将反应混合物加热回流1.5小时。将混合物冷却,并滤去固体。在真空中除去溶剂,留下粘性黄色固体。由乙腈中的重结晶并不成功,因为该物质溶解度相当大。除去乙腈得到淡黄色固体。31P NMK(CDCl3):δ129.7。在130.8和145.6还有杂质造成的弱峰。
比较例20A
用配体“P”进行氢氰化
将490mg配体“P”,0.040g Ni(COD)2,和20mg ZnCl2溶于5ml3PN中。在70℃和30ml/min氮载气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。然后,GC分析表明有3.7% ADN,0.7% MGN和0.4% ESN(对ADN的选择性:77%)。
实施例22-31
3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
表1列出了按照上述实施例中描述的一般步骤制备的本发明的多种配体进行氢氰化的结果。每种氢氰化反应的具体条件以方法A、B和C表示。
比较例A-C2
用对-亚磷酸三甲酚酯进行3-戊烯腈的氢氰化
比较例A
与表1的方法A对比
向5ml THF中加入0.296g(0.84mmoles)对-亚磷酸三甲酚酯和0.040g(0.14mmoles)Ni(COD)2。用真空蒸发法除去溶剂。向残余物中加入5ml 3PN和20mg ZnCl2。在70℃和30ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。GC分析表明有37.5% ADN,8.4% MGN和1.3% ESN(对ADN的选择性:79.4%)。
比较例B
与表1的方法B对比
向5ml 3PN中加入0.306g(0.89mmoles)对-亚磷酸三甲酚酯和0.115g(0.14mmoles)(OTTP)2Ni(乙烯)(oTTP=邻-亚磷酸三甲酚酯)和0.020g ZnCl2。在70℃和30ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理1小时。GC分析表明有28.6% ADN,5.9% MGN和0.9% ESN(对ADN的选择性:80.7%)。
比较例C1
与表1的方法C对比
将296mg对-亚磷酸三甲酚酯和40mg Ni(COD)2溶于5ml THF中用真空蒸发法除去溶剂。向残余物中加入5ml 3PN和20mg ZnCl2。在70℃和12ml/min氮气流速下,用HCN将混合物处理2小时。GC分析表明有22.7% ADN,5.1% MGN,和0.8% ESN(对ADN的选择性:79.4%)。
比较例C2
与表1的方法C对比
向5ml 3PN中加入0.099g(0.28mmoles)对-亚磷酸三甲酚酯,0.205g(0.14mmoles)四(对-亚磷酸三甲酚酯)镍和20mg ZnCl2。在12cc/min氮气流速下,用HCN处理混合物。反应1小时后,GC分析表明有26.5% ADN,5.9% MGN和0.8% ESN(对ADN的选择性:79.8%)。反应2小时后,GC分析表明有27.6% ADN,6.1% MGN,0.9% ESN(对ADN的选择性:79.8%)。
表1实施例号 配体结构 转化率 %ADN 氢氰化方法22 19.0 92.4 A23 6.7 88.3 A24 28.7 91.6 A25 6.3 91.2 A26 77.5 90.1 A27 25.9 89.1 C28 24.3 89.9 A29 41.0 83.9 B30 46.9 84.8 A31 15.8 86.1 C方法A:0.42mmoles配体,0.14mmoles Ni(COD)2在5ml THF中。除去
溶剂。5ml 3pN和20mg ZnCl2。30ml/min下HCN 1hr。方法B:0.42mmoles配体,0.14mmoles Ni(COD)2在5ml 3PN和
20mgZnCl2中。30ml/min下HCN 1hr。方法C:0.42mmoles配体,0.14mmoles Ni(COD)2在5ml THF中。除去
溶剂。5ml 3PN和20mg ZnCl2。12ml/min下HCN 2hrs。
虽然前文叙述了本发明具体实施方案,但本领域技术人员应该懂得,本发明可以有大量的变化方案、替代方案及重新配置而不脱离本发明的精髓和基本特征。应参照所附权利要求,而不是前文指出本发明范围的说明。
Claims (13)
1.一种氢氰化方法,它包括在含Lewis酸,零价镍和选自下列结构式Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ至少一种多配位亚磷酸酯配体的一种催化剂复合物存在下,将一种无环、脂肪族、单烯基不饱和化合物与一种HCN源反应,不饱和化合物中的烯基双键不与分子中任何其它烯基共轭,或者与一有机酯基共轭:结构式Ⅰ 结构式Ⅱ结构式Ⅲ 结构式Ⅳ结构式Ⅴ 结构式Ⅵ结构式Ⅶ其中
每个R1独立地是H、卤素、C1至C6烷基,或OR3,其中R3是C1至C6烷基;
每个R2独立地是3至6个碳原子的仲或叔烃基;
每个R2′独立地是H、卤素、OR3,其中R3是C1至C6烷基或1至6个碳原子的伯、仲或叔烃基;对结构式Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ,R2′在氧的间位或对位;
每个R5′独立地是H或1至3个碳原子的伯或仲烃基,处于氧的邻位或间位,或CO2R3′,其中R3′是C1至C4烷基;和
每个X独立地是O或CH(R4′),其中R4′是H,取代苯基,或C1至C6烷基;
这里的术语“仲”和“叔”是指与芳环键接的碳原子;
此外,结构式Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅴ中至少有一个R2不能是叔烃基。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中起始烯基不饱和化合物选自下列分子式Ⅷ和Ⅹ的化合物。
CH3-(CH2)y-CH=CH(CH2)x-R4 (Ⅷ)
CH2=CH-(CH2)x-R4 (Ⅹ)其中
R4是H、CN、CO2R5,或全氟烷基;
Y是0至12的整数;
当R4是H、CO2R5或全氟烷基时,X是0至12的整数;
当R4是CN时,X是1至12的整数;和
R5是烷基。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中起始烯基不饱和化合物选自3-戊烯腈、4-戊烯腈;2-、3-和4-戊烯酸烷基酯,和CzF2z+1CH=CH2,其中z是1至12的整数。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中起始烯基不饱和化合物是3-戊烯腈或4-戊烯腈。
5.权利要求1的方法,它在-25℃至200℃温度和50.6至1013kPa压力下进行。
6.权利要求5的方法,它在常压和0℃至150℃温度下进行。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中Lewis酸选自阳离子为钪、钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、铜、锌、硼、铝、钇、锆、铌、钼、镉、铼和锡的无机或有机金属化合物。
8.权利要求7的方法,其中Lewis酸选自ZnBr2、ZnI2、ZnCl2、ZnSO4、CuCl2、CuCl、Cu(O3SCF3)2、CoCl2、CoI2、FeI2、FeCl3、FeCl2(四氢呋喃)2、TiCl4(四氢呋喃)2、TiCl4、TiCl3、ClTi(OiPr)3、MnCl2、ScCl3、AlCl3、(C8H17)AlCl2、(C8H17)2AlCl、(iso-C4H9)2AlCl、(苯基)2AlCl、苯基AlCl2,ReCl5、ZrCl4、NbCl5、VCl3、CrCl2、MoCl5、YCl3、CdCl2、LaCl3、Er(O3SCF3)3、Yb(O2CCF3)3、SmCl3、TaCl5、CdCl2、B(C6H5)3和(C6H5)3SnX,其中X=CF3SO3,CH3C6H5SO3,或(C6H5)3BCN。
每个R1独立地是H、卤素、C1至C6烷基,或OR3,其中R3是C1至C6烷基;
每个R2独立地是3至6个碳原子的仲或叔烃基;
每个R2′独立地是H、卤素、OR3,其中R3是C1至C6烷基;或1至6个碳原子的伯、仲或叔烃基;对结构式Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ,R2′处于氧的间位或对位;
每个R5′独立地是H或1至3个碳原子的伯或仲烃基,处于氧的邻位或间位,或CO2R3′,其中R3′是C1至C4烷基;和
每个X独立地是O或CH(R4′),其中R4′是H,取代苯基,或C1至C6烷基;
这里的术语“仲”和“叔”指的是与芳环键接的碳原子;
此外,结构式Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅴ中至少有一个R2不能是叔烃基。
10.权利要求9中的催化剂复合物,其中还存在一种Lewis酸。
11.权利要求10的催化剂复合物,其中Lewis酸选自ZnBr2、ZnI2、ZnCl2、ZnSO4、CuCl2、CuCl、Cu(O3SCF3)2、CoCl2、CoI2、FeI2、FeCl3、FeCl2(四氢呋喃)2、TiCl4(四氢呋喃)2、TiCl4、TiCl3、ClTi(OiPr)3、MnCl2、ScCl3、AlCl3、(C8H17)AlCl2、(C8H17)2AlCl、(iso-C4H9)2AlCl、(C6H5)2AlCl、C6H5AlCl2,ReCl5、ZrCl4、NbCl5、VCl3、CrCl2、MoCl5、YCl3、CdCl2、LaCl3、Er(O3SCF3)3、Yb(O2CCF3)3、SmCl3、TaCl5、CdCl2、B(C6H5)3和(C6H5)3SnX,其中X=CF3SO3,CH3C6H5SO3,或(C6H5)3BCN。
12.权利要求9的催化剂复合物,其中零价镍和多配位亚磷酸酯配体互相键接。
13.权利要求9的催化剂,其中零价镍和多配位亚磷酸酯配体担载在同一固体载体上。
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US08/505,137 US5512696A (en) | 1995-07-21 | 1995-07-21 | Hydrocyanation process and multidentate phosphite and nickel catalyst composition therefor |
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CN1159799A CN1159799A (zh) | 1997-09-17 |
CN1047163C true CN1047163C (zh) | 1999-12-08 |
Family
ID=26982258
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CN95195429A Expired - Lifetime CN1047163C (zh) | 1994-10-07 | 1995-09-29 | 氢氰化方法及所用多配位亚磷酸酯和镍催化剂复合物 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5663369A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0784610B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3535172B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100257363B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1047163C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE176665T1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9509494A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2200303C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69507819T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2129234T3 (zh) |
MY (1) | MY112815A (zh) |
TW (1) | TW315370B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1996011182A1 (zh) |
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- 1995-09-29 DE DE69507819T patent/DE69507819T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US8373001B2 (en) | 2003-02-10 | 2013-02-12 | Invista North America S.A R.L. | Method of producing dinitrile compounds |
US7897801B2 (en) | 2003-05-12 | 2011-03-01 | Invista North America S.A R.L. | Process for the preparation of dinitriles |
US7973174B2 (en) | 2005-10-18 | 2011-07-05 | Invista North America S.A.R.L. | Process of making 3-aminopentanenitrile |
US8178711B2 (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2012-05-15 | Invista North America S.A R.L. | Method for the purification of triorganophosphites by treatment with a basic additive |
US7919646B2 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2011-04-05 | Invista North America S.A R.L. | Hydrocyanation of 2-pentenenitrile |
US8394981B2 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2013-03-12 | Invista North America S.A R.L. | Hydrocyanation of 2-pentenenitrile |
US8101790B2 (en) | 2007-06-13 | 2012-01-24 | Invista North America S.A.R.L. | Process for improving adiponitrile quality |
US7977502B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2011-07-12 | Invista North America S.A R.L. | Process for making and refining 3-pentenenitrile, and for refining 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile |
US8088943B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2012-01-03 | Invista North America S.A R.L. | Hydrocyanation of pentenenitriles |
US8247621B2 (en) | 2008-10-14 | 2012-08-21 | Invista North America S.A.R.L. | Process for making 2-secondary-alkyl-4,5-di-(normal-alkyl)phenols |
US8338636B2 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2012-12-25 | Invista North America S.A R.L. | Hydrogenation and esterification to form diesters |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH10506911A (ja) | 1998-07-07 |
MY112815A (en) | 2001-09-29 |
TW315370B (zh) | 1997-09-11 |
BR9509494A (pt) | 1997-10-14 |
EP0784610A1 (en) | 1997-07-23 |
ES2129234T3 (es) | 1999-06-01 |
ATE176665T1 (de) | 1999-02-15 |
KR970706240A (ko) | 1997-11-03 |
CN1159799A (zh) | 1997-09-17 |
DE69507819T2 (de) | 1999-08-12 |
EP0784610B1 (en) | 1999-02-10 |
CA2200303C (en) | 2007-01-09 |
CA2200303A1 (en) | 1996-04-18 |
DE69507819D1 (de) | 1999-03-25 |
JP3535172B2 (ja) | 2004-06-07 |
KR100257363B1 (ko) | 2000-05-15 |
WO1996011182A1 (en) | 1996-04-18 |
US5663369A (en) | 1997-09-02 |
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