Displaying 1-10 of 14 results found.
Primes of the form A124080 (10 times triangular numbers) +- 1.
+20
2
11, 29, 31, 59, 61, 101, 149, 151, 211, 281, 359, 449, 659, 661, 911, 1049, 1051, 1201, 1361, 1531, 1709, 1901, 2099, 2309, 2311, 2531, 2999, 3001, 3251, 3511, 3779, 4349, 4649, 4651, 5279, 5281, 6299, 6301, 6659, 6661, 7411, 8609, 9029, 9461, 9901, 11279
COMMENTS
Numbers j such that A124080(j)-1 is prime or A124080(j)+1 is prime, where repetition means a twin prime, are 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 11, 13, 14, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 21, 22, 24, 24, 25, ..., . - Robert G. Wilson v, Nov 29 2006
FORMULA
{ A124080(j)-1 when prime} U { A124080(j)+1 when prime} = {i = 10*T(j)-1 such that i is prime} U {i = 10*T(j)+1 such that i is prime} where T(j) = A000217(j) = j*(j+1)/2.
EXAMPLE
a(1) = A124080(1)+1 = (10*T(1)) - 1 = 10*(1*(1+1)/2) + 1 = 10+1 = 11 is prime. a(2) = A124080(2)-1 = (10*T(2))-1 = 10*(2*(2+1)/2) - 1 = 30-1 = 29 is prime. a(3) = A124080(2)+1 = (10*T(2))+1 = 10*(2*(2+1)/2) + 1 = 30+1 = 31 is prime.
MATHEMATICA
s = {}; Do[t = 5n(n + 1); If[PrimeQ[t - 1], AppendTo[s, t - 1]]; If[PrimeQ[t + 1], AppendTo[s, t + 1]], {n, 47}]; s (* Robert G. Wilson v *)
Oblong (or promic, pronic, or heteromecic) numbers: a(n) = n*(n+1).
(Formerly M1581 N0616)
+10
786
0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 110, 132, 156, 182, 210, 240, 272, 306, 342, 380, 420, 462, 506, 552, 600, 650, 702, 756, 812, 870, 930, 992, 1056, 1122, 1190, 1260, 1332, 1406, 1482, 1560, 1640, 1722, 1806, 1892, 1980, 2070, 2162, 2256, 2352, 2450, 2550
COMMENTS
4*a(n) + 1 are the odd squares A016754(n). The word "pronic" (used by Dickson) is incorrect. - Michael SomosAccording to the 2nd edition of Webster, the correct word is "promic". - R. K. Guya(n) is the number of minimal vectors in the root lattice A_n (see Conway and Sloane, p. 109).
Let M_n denote the n X n matrix M_n(i, j) = (i + j); then the characteristic polynomial of M_n is x^(n-2) * (x^2 - a(n)*x - A002415(n)). - Benoit Cloitre, Nov 09 2002 The greatest LCM of all pairs (j, k) for j < k <= n for n > 1. - Robert G. Wilson v, Jun 19 2004 First differences are a(n+1) - a(n) = 2*n + 2 = 2, 4, 6, ... (while first differences of the squares are (n+1)^2 - n^2 = 2*n + 1 = 1, 3, 5, ...). - Alexandre Wajnberg, Dec 29 2005 25 appended to these numbers corresponds to squares of numbers ending in 5 (i.e., to squares of A017329). - Lekraj Beedassy, Mar 24 2006 A rapid (mental) multiplication/factorization technique -- a generalization of Lekraj Beedassy's comment: For all bases b >= 2 and positive integers n, c, d, k with c + d = b^k, we have (n*b^k + c)*(n*b^k + d) = a(n)*b^(2*k) + c*d. Thus the last 2*k base-b digits of the product are exactly those of c*d -- including leading 0(s) as necessary -- with the preceding base-b digit(s) the same as a(n)'s. Examples: In decimal, 113*117 = 13221 (as n = 11, b = 10 = 3 + 7, k = 1, 3*7 = 21, and a(11) = 132); in octal, 61*67 = 5207 (52 is a(6) in octal). In particular, for even b = 2*m (m > 0) and c = d = m, such a product is a square of this type. Decimal factoring: 5609 is immediately seen to be 71*79. Likewise, 120099 = 301*399 (k = 2 here) and 99990000001996 = 9999002*9999998 (k = 3). - Rick L. Shepherd, Jul 24 2021 Number of circular binary words of length n + 1 having exactly one occurrence of 01. Example: a(2) = 6 because we have 001, 010, 011, 100, 101 and 110. Column 1 of A119462. - Emeric Deutsch, May 21 2006 The sequence of iterated square roots sqrt(N + sqrt(N + ...)) has for N = 1, 2, ... the limit (1 + sqrt(1 + 4*N))/2. For N = a(n) this limit is n + 1, n = 1, 2, .... For all other numbers N, N >= 1, this limit is not a natural number. Examples: n = 1, a(1) = 2: sqrt(2 + sqrt(2 + ...)) = 1 + 1 = 2; n = 2, a(2) = 6: sqrt(6 + sqrt(6 + ...)) = 1 + 2 = 3. - Wolfdieter Lang, May 05 2006 Nonsquare integers m divisible by ceiling(sqrt(m)), except for m = 0. - Max Alekseyev, Nov 27 2006 The number of off-diagonal elements of an (n + 1) X (n + 1) matrix. - Artur Jasinski, Jan 11 2007 a(n) is equal to the number of functions f:{1, 2} -> {1, 2, ..., n + 1} such that for a fixed x in {1, 2} and a fixed y in {1, 2, ..., n + 1} we have f(x) <> y. - Aleksandar M. Janjic and Milan Janjic, Mar 13 2007 Numbers m >= 0 such that round(sqrt(m+1)) - round(sqrt(m)) = 1. - Hieronymus Fischer, Aug 06 2007 Numbers m >= 0 such that ceiling(2*sqrt(m+1)) - 1 = 1 + floor(2*sqrt(m)). - Hieronymus Fischer, Aug 06 2007 Numbers m >= 0 such that fract(sqrt(m+1)) > 1/2 and fract(sqrt(m)) < 1/2 where fract(x) is the fractional part (fract(x) = x - floor(x), x >= 0). - Hieronymus Fischer, Aug 06 2007 X values of solutions to the equation 4*X^3 + X^2 = Y^2. To find Y values: b(n) = n(n+1)(2n+1). - Mohamed Bouhamida, Nov 06 2007 Nonvanishing diagonal of A132792, the infinitesimal Lah matrix, so "generalized factorials" composed of a(n) are given by the elements of the Lah matrix, unsigned A111596, e.g., a(1)*a(2)*a(3) / 3! = - A111596(4,1) = 24. - Tom Copeland, Nov 20 2007 If Y is a 2-subset of an n-set X then, for n >= 2, a(n-2) is the number of 2-subsets and 3-subsets of X having exactly one element in common with Y. - Milan Janjic, Dec 28 2007 a(n) coincides with the vertex of a parabola of even width in the Redheffer matrix, directed toward zero. An integer p is prime if and only if for all integer k, the parabola y = kx - x^2 has no integer solution with 1 < x < k when y = p; a(n) corresponds to odd k. - Reikku Kulon, Nov 30 2008 The third differences of certain values of the hypergeometric function 3F2 lead to the squares of the oblong numbers i.e., 3F2([1, n + 1, n + 1], [n + 2, n + 2], z = 1) - 3*3F2([1, n + 2, n + 2], [n + 3, n + 3], z = 1) + 3*3F2([1, n + 3, n + 3], [n + 4, n + 4], z = 1) - 3F2([1, n + 4, n + 4], [n + 5, n + 5], z = 1) = (1/((n+2)*(n+3)))^2 for n = -1, 0, 1, 2, ... . See also A162990. - Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 21 2009 Generalized factorials, [a.(n!)] = a(n)*a(n-1)*...*a(0) = A010790(n), with a(0) = 1 are related to A001263. - Tom Copeland, Sep 21 2011 For n > 1, a(n) is the number of functions f:{1, 2} -> {1, ..., n + 2} where f(1) > 1 and f(2) > 2. Note that there are n + 1 possible values for f(1) and n possible values for f(2). For example, a(3) = 12 since there are 12 functions f from {1, 2} to {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} with f(1) > 1 and f(2) > 2. - Dennis P. Walsh, Dec 24 2011 a(n) gives the number of (n + 1) X (n + 1) symmetric (0, 1)-matrices containing two ones (see [Cameron]). - L. Edson Jeffery, Feb 18 2012 a(n) is the number of positions of a domino in a rectangled triangular board with both legs equal to n + 1. - César Eliud Lozada, Sep 26 2012 a(n) is the number of ordered pairs (x, y) in [n+2] X [n+2] with |x-y| > 1. - Dennis P. Walsh, Nov 27 2012 a(n) is the number of injective functions from {1, 2} into {1, 2, ..., n + 1}. - Dennis P. Walsh, Nov 27 2012 a(n) is the sum of the positive differences of the partition parts of 2n + 2 into exactly two parts (see example). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jun 02 2013 Number of positive roots in the root system of type D_{n + 1} (for n > 2). - Tom Edgar, Nov 05 2013 Number of roots in the root system of type A_n (for n > 0). - Tom Edgar, Nov 05 2013 a(m), for m >= 1, are the only positive integer values t for which the Binet-de Moivre formula for the recurrence b(n) = b(n-1) + t*b(n-2) with b(0) = 0 and b(1) = 1 has a root of a square. PROOF (as suggested by Wolfdieter Lang, Mar 26 2014): The sqrt(1 + 4t) appearing in the zeros r1 and r2 of the characteristic equation is (a positive) integer for positive integer t precisely if 4t + 1 = (2m + 1)^2, that is t = a(m), m >= 1. Thus, the characteristic roots are integers: r1 = m + 1 and r2 = -m. Let m > 1 be an integer. If b(n) = b(n-1) + a(m)*b(n-2), n >= 2, b(0) = 0, b(1) = 1, then lim_{n->oo} b(n+1)/b(n) = m + 1. (End)
Cf. A130534 for relations to colored forests, disposition of flags on flagpoles, and colorings of the vertices (chromatic polynomial) of the complete graphs (here simply K_2). - Tom Copeland, Apr 05 2014 The set of integers k for which k + sqrt(k + sqrt(k + sqrt(k + sqrt(k + ...) ... is an integer. - Leslie Koller, Apr 11 2014 a(n-1) is the largest number k such that (n*k)/(n+k) is an integer. - Derek Orr, May 22 2014 Number of ways to place a domino and a singleton on a strip of length n - 2. - Ralf Stephan, Jun 09 2014 With offset 1, this appears to give the maximal number of crossings between n nonconcentric circles of equal radius. - Felix Fröhlich, Jul 14 2014 For n > 1, the harmonic mean of the n values a(1) to a(n) is n + 1. The lowest infinite sequence of increasing positive integers whose cumulative harmonic mean is integral. - Ian Duff, Feb 01 2015 a(n) is the maximum number of queens of one color that can coexist without attacking one queen of the opponent's color on an (n+2) X (n+2) chessboard. The lone queen can be placed in any position on the perimeter of the board. - Bob Selcoe, Feb 07 2015 With a(0) = 1, a(n-1) is the smallest positive number not in the sequence such that Sum_{i = 1..n} 1/a(i-1) has a denominator equal to n. - Derek Orr, Jun 17 2015 The positive members of this sequence are a proper subsequence of the so-called 1-happy couple products A007969. See the W. Lang link there, eq. (4), with Y_0 = 1, with a table at the end. - Wolfdieter Lang, Sep 19 2015 For n > 0, a(n) is the reciprocal of the area bounded above by y = x^(n-1) and below by y = x^n for x in the interval [0, 1]. Summing all such areas visually demonstrates the formula below giving Sum_{n >= 1} 1/a(n) = 1. - Rick L. Shepherd, Oct 26 2015 It appears that, except for a(0) = 0, this is the set of positive integers n such that x*floor(x) = n has no solution. (For example, to get 3, take x = -3/2.) - Melvin Peralta, Apr 14 2016 If two independent real random variables, x and y, are distributed according to the same exponential distribution: pdf(x) = lambda * exp(-lambda * x), lambda > 0, then the probability that n - 1 <= x/y < n is given by 1/a(n). - Andres Cicuttin, Dec 03 2016 a(n) is equal to the sum of all possible differences between n different pairs of consecutive odd numbers (see example). - Miquel Cerda, Dec 04 2016 a(n+1) is the dimension of the space of vector fields in the plane with polynomial coefficients up to order n. - Martin Licht, Dec 04 2016 It appears that a(n) + 3 is the area of the largest possible pond in a square ( A268311). - Craig Knecht, May 04 2017 Also the number of 3-cycles in the (n+3)-triangular honeycomb acute knight graph. - Eric W. Weisstein, Jul 27 2017 The left edge of a Floyd's triangle that consists of even numbers: 0; 2, 4; 6, 8, 10; 12, 14, 16, 18; 20, 22, 24, 26, 28; ... giving 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, ... The right edge generates A028552. - Waldemar Puszkarz, Feb 02 2018 a(n+1) is the order of rowmotion on a poset obtained by adjoining a unique minimal (or maximal) element to a disjoint union of at least two chains of n elements. - Nick Mayers, Jun 01 2018 For n > 0, 1/a(n) = n/(n+1) - (n-1)/n.
For example, 1/6 = 2/3 - 1/2; 1/12 = 3/4 - 2/3.
Corollary of this:
Take 1/2 pill.
Next day, take 1/6 pill. 1/2 + 1/6 = 2/3, so your daily average is 1/3.
Next day, take 1/12 pill. 2/3 + 1/12 = 3/4, so your daily average is 1/4.
And so on. (End)
For an oblong number m >= 6 there exists a Euclidean division m = d*q + r with q < r < d which are in geometric progression, in this order, with a common integer ratio b. For b >= 2 and q >= 1, the Euclidean division is m = qb*(qb+1) = qb^2 * q + qb where (q, qb, qb^2) are in geometric progression.
Some examples with distinct ratios and quotients:
6 | 4 30 | 25 42 | 18
----- ----- -----
2 | 1 , 5 | 1 , 6 | 2 ,
and also:
42 | 12 420 | 100
----- -----
6 | 3 , 20 | 4 .
Some oblong numbers also satisfy a Euclidean division m = d*q + r with q < r < d that are in geometric progression in this order but with a common noninteger ratio b > 1 (see A335064). (End) For n >= 1, the continued fraction expansion of sqrt(a(n)) is [n; {2, 2n}]. For n=1, this collapses to [1; {2}]. - Magus K. Chu, Sep 09 2022 a(n-2) is the maximum irregularity over all trees with n vertices. The extremal graphs are stars. (The irregularity of a graph is the sum of the differences between the degrees over all edges of the graph.) - Allan Bickle, May 29 2023 For n > 0, number of diagonals in a regular 2*(n+1)-gon that are not parallel to any edge (cf. A367204). - Paolo Xausa, Mar 30 2024 a(n-1) is the maximum Zagreb index over all trees with n vertices. The extremal graphs are stars. (The Zagreb index of a graph is the sum of the squares of the degrees over all vertices of the graph.) - Allan Bickle, Apr 11 2024 For n >= 1, a(n) is the determinant of the distance matrix of a cycle graph on 2*n + 1 vertices (if the length of the cycle is even such a determinant is zero). - Miquel A. Fiol, Aug 20 2024
REFERENCES
W. W. Berman and D. E. Smith, A Brief History of Mathematics, 1910, Open Court, page 67.
J. H. Conway and R. K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, 1996, p. 34.
J. H. Conway and N. J. A. Sloane, "Sphere Packings, Lattices and Groups", Springer-Verlag.
L. E. Dickson, History of the Theory of Numbers, Vol. 1: Divisibility and Primality. New York: Chelsea, p. 357, 1952.
L. E. Dickson, History of the Theory of Numbers, Vol. 2: Diophantine Analysis. New York: Chelsea, pp. 6, 232-233, 350 and 407, 1952.
H. Eves, An Introduction to the History of Mathematics, revised, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1964, page 72.
Nicomachus of Gerasa, Introduction to Arithmetic, translation by Martin Luther D'Ooge, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1938, p. 254.
Granino A. Korn and Theresa M. Korn, Mathematical Handbook for Scientists and Engineers, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York (1968), pp. 980-981.
C. S. Ogilvy and J. T. Anderson, Excursions in Number Theory, Oxford University Press, 1966, pp. 61-62.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
F. J. Swetz, From Five Fingers to Infinity, Open Court, 1994, p. 219.
LINKS
D. Applegate, M. LeBrun and N. J. A. Sloane, Dismal Arithmetic, J. Int. Seq. 14 (2011) # 11.9.8.
FORMULA
a(n) = a(n-1) + 2*n, a(0) = 0.
Sum_{n >= 1} a(n) = n*(n+1)*(n+2)/3 (cf. A007290, partial sums). Sum_{n >= 1} 1/a(n) = 1. (Cf. Tijdeman)
Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n) = log(4) - 1 = A016627 - 1 [Jolley eq (235)]. 1 = 1/2 + Sum_{n >= 1} 1/(2*a(n)) = 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/12 + 1/24 + 1/40 + 1/60 + ... with partial sums: 1/2, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8, 9/10, 11/12, 13/14, ... - Gary W. Adamson, Jun 16 2003 a(n)*a(n+1) = a(n*(n+2)); e.g., a(3)*a(4) = 12*20 = 240 = a(3*5). - Charlie Marion, Dec 29 2003 Log 2 = Sum_{n >= 0} 1/a(2n+1) = 1/2 + 1/12 + 1/30 + 1/56 + 1/90 + ... = (1 - 1/2) + (1/3 - 1/4) + (1/5 - 1/6) + (1/7 - 1/8) + ... = Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^n/(n+1) = A002162. - Gary W. Adamson, Jun 22 2003 (2, 6, 12, 20, 30, ...) = binomial transform of (2, 4, 2). - Gary W. Adamson, Nov 28 2007 a(0) = 0, a(n) = a(n-1) + 1 + floor(x), where x is the minimal positive solution to fract(sqrt(a(n-1) + 1 + x)) = 1/2. - Hieronymus Fischer, Dec 31 2008 E.g.f.: ((-x+1)*log(-x+1)+x)/x^2 also Integral_{x = 0..1} ((-x+1)*log(-x+1) + x)/x^2 = zeta(2) - 1. - Stephen Crowley, Jul 11 2009 a(n-1) = floor(n^5/(n^3 + n^2 + 1)). - Gary Detlefs, Feb 11 2010 For n > 0 a(n) = 1/(Integral_{x=0..Pi/2} 2*(sin(x))^(2*n-1)*(cos(x))^3). - Francesco Daddi, Aug 02 2011 Sum_{n >= 1} 1/(a(n))^(2s) = Sum_{t = 1..2*s} binomial(4*s - t - 1, 2*s - 1) * ( (1 + (-1)^t)*zeta(t) - 1). See Arxiv:1301.6293. - R. J. Mathar, Feb 03 2013 a(n) = floor(n^2 * e^(1/n)) and a(n-1) = floor(n^2 / e^(1/n)). - Richard R. Forberg, Jun 22 2013 Binomial transform of [0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, ...]. - Alois P. Heinz, Mar 10 2015 For n > 0, a(n) = 1/(Integral_{x=0..1} (x^(n-1) - x^n) dx). - Rick L. Shepherd, Oct 26 2015 For n > 0, a(n) = lim_{m -> oo} (1/m)*1/(Sum_{i=m*n..m*(n+1)} 1/i^2), with error of ~1/m. - Richard R. Forberg, Jul 27 2016 Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s-2) + zeta(s-1).
Convolution of nonnegative integers ( A001477) and constant sequence ( A007395). Sum_{n >= 0} a(n)/n! = 3*exp(1). (End)
a(n)*a(n+2k-1) + (n+k)^2 = ((2n+1)*k + n^2)^2.
a(n)*a(n+2k) + k^2 = ((2n+1)*k + a(n))^2. (End)
Product_{n>=1} (1 + 1/a(n)) = cosh(sqrt(3)*Pi/2)/Pi. - Amiram Eldar, Jan 20 2021 A generalization of the Dec 29 2003 formula, a(n)*a(n+1) = a(n*(n+2)), follows. a(n)*a(n+k) = a(n*(n+k+1)) + (k-1)*n*(n+k+1). - Charlie Marion, Jan 02 2023
EXAMPLE
a(3) = 12, since 2(3)+2 = 8 has 4 partitions with exactly two parts: (7,1), (6,2), (5,3), (4,4). Taking the positive differences of the parts in each partition and adding, we get: 6 + 4 + 2 + 0 = 12. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jun 02 2013 G.f. = 2*x + 6*x^2 + 12*x^3 + 20*x^4 + 30*x^5 + 42*x^6 + 56*x^7 + ... - Michael Somos, May 22 2014 a(1) = 2, since 45-43 = 2;
a(2) = 6, since 47-45 = 2 and 47-43 = 4, then 2+4 = 6;
a(3) = 12, since 49-47 = 2, 49-45 = 4, and 49-43 = 6, then 2+4+6 = 12. (End)
MATHEMATICA
oblongQ[n_] := IntegerQ @ Sqrt[4 n + 1]; Select[Range[0, 2600], oblongQ] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Sep 29 2011 *) LinearRecurrence[{3, -3, 1}, {2, 6, 12}, {0, 20}] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Jul 27 2017 *)
PROG
(PARI) {a(n) = n*(n+1)};
(PARI) concat(0, Vec(2*x/(1-x)^3 + O(x^100))) \\ Altug Alkan, Oct 26 2015 (Haskell)
a002378 n = n * (n + 1)
a002378_list = zipWith (*) [0..] [1..]
(Python)
def a(n): return n*(n+1)
CROSSREFS
Partial sums of A005843 (even numbers). Twice triangular numbers ( A000217). Cf. A035106, A087811, A119462, A127235, A049598, A124080, A033996, A028896, A046092, A000217, A005563, A046092, A001082, A059300, A059297, A059298, A166373, A002943 (bisection), A002939 (bisection), A078358 (complement). Cf. A045943 (4-cycles in triangular honeycomb acute knight graph), A028896 (5-cycles), A152773 (6-cycles).
4 times triangular numbers: a(n) = 2*n*(n+1).
+10
185
0, 4, 12, 24, 40, 60, 84, 112, 144, 180, 220, 264, 312, 364, 420, 480, 544, 612, 684, 760, 840, 924, 1012, 1104, 1200, 1300, 1404, 1512, 1624, 1740, 1860, 1984, 2112, 2244, 2380, 2520, 2664, 2812, 2964, 3120, 3280, 3444, 3612, 3784, 3960, 4140, 4324
COMMENTS
Consider all Pythagorean triples (X,Y,Z=Y+1) ordered by increasing Z; sequence gives Y values. X values are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ... ( A005408), Z values are A001844. In the triple (X, Y, Z) we have X^2=Y+Z. Actually, the triple is given by {x, (x^2 -+ 1)/2}, where x runs over the odd numbers ( A005408) and x^2 over the odd squares ( A016754). - Lekraj Beedassy, Jun 11 2004 a(n) is the number of edges in n X n square grid with all horizontal and vertical segments filled in. - Asher Auel, Jan 12 2000 [Corrected by Felix Huber, Apr 09 2024] a(n) is the only number satisfying an inequality related to zeta(2) and zeta(3): Sum_{i>a(n)+1} 1/i^2 < Sum_{i>n} 1/i^3 < Sum_{i>a(n)} 1/i^2. - Benoit Cloitre, Nov 02 2001 Number of right triangles made from vertices of a regular n-gon when n is even. - Sen-Peng Eu, Apr 05 2001 Number of ways to change two non-identical letters in the word aabbccdd..., where there are n type of letters. - Zerinvary Lajos, Feb 15 2005 a(n) is the number of (n-1)-dimensional sides of an (n+1)-dimensional hypercube (e.g., squares have 4 corners, cubes have 12 edges, etc.). - Freek van Walderveen (freek_is(AT)vanwal.nl), Nov 11 2005
From Nikolaos Diamantis (nikos7am(AT)yahoo.com), May 23 2006: (Start)
Consider a triangle, a pentagon, a heptagon, ..., a k-gon where k is odd. We label a triangle with n=1, a pentagon with n=2, ..., a k-gon with n = floor(k/2). Imagine a player standing at each vertex of the k-gon.
Initially there are 2 frisbees, one held by each of two neighboring players. Every time they throw the frisbee to one of their two nearest neighbors with equal probability. Then a(n) gives the average number of steps needed so that the frisbees meet.
I verified this by simulating the processes with a computer program. For example, a(2) = 12 because in a pentagon that's the expected number of trials we need to perform. That is an exercise in Concrete Mathematics and it can be done using generating functions. (End)
If X_1,...,X_n is a partition of a 2n-set X into 2-blocks then a(n-1) is equal to the number of 2-subsets of X containing none of X_i, (i=1,...,n). - Milan Janjic, Jul 16 2007 X values of solutions to the equation 2*X^3 + X^2 = Y^2. To find Y values: b(n) = 2n(n+1)(2n+1). - Mohamed Bouhamida, Nov 06 2007 Number of (n+1)-permutations of 3 objects u,v,w, with repetition allowed, containing n-1 u's. Example: a(1)=4 because we have vv, vw, wv and ww; a(2)=12 because we can place u in each of the previous four 2-permutations either in front, or in the middle, or at the end. - Zerinvary Lajos, Dec 27 2007 Sequence found by reading the line from 0, in the direction 0, 4, ... and the same line from 0, in the direction 0, 12, ..., in the square spiral whose vertices are the triangular numbers A000217. - Omar E. Pol, May 03 2008 a(n) is also the least weight of self-conjugate partitions having n different even parts. - Augustine O. Munagi, Dec 18 2008 The general formula for alternating sums of powers of even integers is in terms of the Swiss-Knife polynomials P(n,x) A153641 (P(n,1)-(-1)^k P(n,2k+1))/2. Here n=2, thus a(k) = |(P(2,1) - (-1)^k*P(2,2k+1))/2|. (End)
The sum of squares of n+1 consecutive numbers between a(n)-n and a(n) inclusive equals the sum of squares of n consecutive numbers following a(n). For example, for n = 2, a(2) = 12, and the corresponding equation is 10^2 + 11^2 + 12^2 = 13^2 + 14^2. - Tanya Khovanova, Jul 20 2009 Number of roots in the root system of type D_{n+1} (for n>2). - Tom Edgar, Nov 05 2013 Draw n ellipses in the plane (n>0), any 2 meeting in 4 points; sequence gives number of intersections of these ellipses (cf. A051890, A001844); a(n) = A051890(n+1) - 2 = A001844(n) - 1. - Jaroslav Krizek, Dec 27 2013 a(n) appears also as the second member of the quartet [p0(n), a(n), p2(n), p3(n)] of the square of [n, n+1, n+2, n+3] in the Clifford algebra Cl_2 for n >= 0. p0(n) = - A147973(n+3), p2(n) = A054000(n+1) and p3(n) = A139570(n). See a comment on A147973, also with a reference. - Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 15 2014 a(n) appears also as the third and fourth member of the quartet [p0(n), p0(n), a(n), a(n)] of the square of [n, n, n+1, n+1] in the Clifford algebra Cl_2 for n >= 0. p0(n) = A001105(n). - Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 16 2014 Consider two equal rectangles composed of unit squares. Then surround the 1st rectangle with 1-unit-wide layers to build larger rectangles, and surround the 2nd rectangle just to hide the previous layers. If r(n) and h(n) are the number of unit squares needed for n layers in the 1st case and the 2nd case, then for all rectangles, we have a(n) = r(n) - h(n) for n>=1. - Michel Marcus, Sep 28 2015 When greater than 4, a(n) is the perimeter of a Pythagorean triangle with an even short leg 2*n. - Agola Kisira Odero, Apr 26 2016 Also the number of minimum connected dominating sets in the (n+1)-cocktail party graph. - Eric W. Weisstein, Jun 29 2017 Consider a circular cake from which wedges of equal center angle c are cut out in clockwise succession and turned around so that the bottom comes to the top. This goes on until the cake shows its initial surface again. An interesting case occurs if 360°/c is not an integer. Then, with n = floor(360°/c), the number of wedges which have to be cut out and turned equals a(n). (For the number of cutting line segments see A005408.) - According to Peter Winkler's book "Mathematical Mind-Benders", which presents the problem and its solution (see Winkler, pp. 111, 115) the problem seems to be of French origin but little is known about its history. - Manfred Boergens, Apr 05 2022 a(n-3) is the maximum irregularity over all maximal 2-degenerate graphs with n vertices. The extremal graphs are 2-stars (K_2 joined to n-2 independent vertices). (The irregularity of a graph is the sum of the differences between the degrees over all edges of the graph.) - Allan Bickle, May 29 2023 Number of ways of placing a domino on a (n+1)X(n+1) board of squares. - R. J. Mathar, Apr 24 2024
REFERENCES
Tom M. Apostol, Introduction to Analytic Number Theory, Springer-Verlag, 1976, page 3.
Albert H. Beiler, Recreations in the Theory of Numbers. New York: Dover, p. 125, 1964.
Ronald L. Graham, D. E. Knuth and Oren Patashnik, Concrete Mathematics, Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1994.
Peter Winkler, Mathematical Mind-Benders, Wellesley, Massachusetts: A K Peters, 2007.
LINKS
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Gear Graph.
FORMULA
a(n) - a(n-1)=4*n.
Let k=a(n). Then a(n+1) = k + 2*(1 + sqrt(2k + 1)). (End)
a(n) = 1/int(-(x*n+x-1)*(step((-1+x*n)/n)-1)*n*step((x*n+x-1)/(n+1)),x=0..1) where step(x)=piecewise(x<0,0,0<=x,1) is the Heaviside step function.
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = 1/2. (End)
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - 3*a(n-2) + a(n-3); a(0)=0, a(1)=4, a(2)=12. - Harvey P. Dale, Jul 25 2011 For n > 0, a(n) = 1/(Integral_{x=0..Pi/2} (sin(x))^(2*n-1)*(cos(x))^3). - Francesco Daddi, Aug 02 2011 a(n)*(2m+1)^2 + a(m) = a(n*(2m+1)+m), for any nonnegative integers n and m.
t(k)*a(n) + t(k-1)*a(n+1) = a((n+1)*(t(k)-t(k-1)-1)), where k>=2, n>=1, t(k)= A000217(k). (End) Product_{n>=1} (1 + 1/a(n)) = cosh(Pi/2)/(Pi/2).
Product_{n>=1} (1 - 1/a(n)) = -2*cos(sqrt(3)*Pi/2)/Pi. (End)
EXAMPLE
a(7)=112 because 112 = 2*7*(7+1).
The first few triples are (1,0,1), (3,4,5), (5,12,13), (7,24,25), ...
The first such partitions, corresponding to a(n)=1,2,3,4, are 2+2, 4+4+2+2, 6+6+4+4+2+2, 8+8+6+6+4+4+2+2. - Augustine O. Munagi, Dec 18 2008
MATHEMATICA
LinearRecurrence[{3, -3, 1}, {0, 4, 12}, 50] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 25 2011 *)
CROSSREFS
Cf. A045943, A028895, A002943, A054000, A000330, A007290, A002378, A033996, A124080, A028896, A049598, A005563, A000217, A033586, A085250. Cf. similar sequences listed in A299645.
8 times triangular numbers: a(n) = 4*n*(n+1).
+10
82
0, 8, 24, 48, 80, 120, 168, 224, 288, 360, 440, 528, 624, 728, 840, 960, 1088, 1224, 1368, 1520, 1680, 1848, 2024, 2208, 2400, 2600, 2808, 3024, 3248, 3480, 3720, 3968, 4224, 4488, 4760, 5040, 5328, 5624, 5928, 6240, 6560, 6888, 7224, 7568, 7920, 8280
COMMENTS
Write 0, 1, 2, ... in a clockwise spiral; sequence gives numbers on one of 4 diagonals.
Also sequence found by reading the line from 0, in the direction 0, 8, ... and the same line from 0, in the direction 0, 24, ..., in the square spiral whose vertices are the generalized decagonal numbers A074377. Axis perpendicular to A195146 in the same spiral. - Omar E. Pol, Sep 18 2011 Number of diagonals with length sqrt(5) in an (n+1) X (n+1) square grid. Every 1 X 2 rectangle has two such diagonals. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Mar 25 2015 Imagine a board made of squares (like a chessboard), one of whose squares is completely surrounded by square-shaped layers made of adjacent squares. a(n) is the total number of squares in the first to n-th layer. a(1) = 8 because there are 8 neighbors to the unit square; adding them gives a 3 X 3 square. a(2) = 24 = 8 + 16 because we need 16 more squares in the next layer to get a 5 X 5 square: a(n) = (2*n+1)^2 - 1 counting the (2n+1) X (2n+1) square minus the central square. - R. J. Cano, Sep 26 2015 The three platonic solids (the simplex, hypercube, and cross-polytope) with unit side length in n dimensions all have rational volume if and only if n appears in this sequence, after 0. - Brian T Kuhns, Feb 26 2016 The number of active (ON, black) cells in the n-th stage of growth of the two-dimensional cellular automaton defined by "Rule 645", based on the 5-celled von Neumann neighborhood. - Robert Price, May 19 2016 The square root of a(n), n>0, has continued fraction [2n; {1,4n}] with whole number part 2n and periodic part {1,4n}. - Ron Knott, May 11 2017 Numbers k such that k+1 is a square and k is a multiple of 4. - Bruno Berselli, Sep 28 2017 a(n) is the number of vertices of the octagonal network O(n,n); O(m,n) is defined by Fig. 1 of the Siddiqui et al. reference. - Emeric Deutsch, May 13 2018 a(n) is the number of vertices in conjoined n X n octagons which are arranged into a square array, a.k.a. truncated square tiling. - Donghwi Park, Dec 20 2020 a(n-2) is the number of ways to place 3 adjacent marks in a diagonal, horizontal, or vertical row on an n X n tic-tac-toe grid. - Matej Veselovac, May 28 2021
REFERENCES
Stuart M. Ellerstein, J. Recreational Math. 29 (3) 188, 1998.
R. L. Graham, D. E. Knuth and O. Patashnik, Concrete Mathematics. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 2nd ed., 1994, p. 99.
Stephen Wolfram, A New Kind of Science, Wolfram Media, 2002; p. 170.
FORMULA
a(n) = 4*n^2 + 4*n = (2*n+1)^2 - 1.
G.f.: 8*x/(1-x)^3.
E.g.f.: 4*x*(2 + x)*exp(x).
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = 1/4. (End)
sqrt(a(n)+1) - sqrt(a(n)) = (sqrt(n+1) - sqrt(n))^2. - Seiichi Manyama, Dec 23 2018 a(n)*a(n+k) + 4*k^2 = m^2 where m = (a(n) + a(n+k))/2 - 2*k^2; for k=1, m = 4*n^2 + 8*n + 2 = A060626(n). - Ezhilarasu Velayutham, May 22 2019 Product_{n>=1} (1 - 1/a(n)) = -(4/Pi)*cos(Pi/sqrt(2)).
Product_{n>=1} (1 + 1/a(n)) = 4/Pi ( A088538). (End)
EXAMPLE
Spiral with 0, 8, 24, 48, ... along lower right diagonal:
.
36--37--38--39--40--41--42
| |
35 16--17--18--19--20 43
| | | |
34 15 4---5---6 21 44
| | | | | |
33 14 3 0 7 22 45
| | | | \ | | |
32 13 2---1 8 23 46
| | | \ | |
31 12--11--10---9 24 47
| | \ |
30--29--28--27--26--25 48
\
MAPLE
[seq((2*n+1)^2-1, n=0..46)];
PROG
(PARI) nsqm1(n) = { forstep(x=1, n, 2, y = x*x-1; print1(y, ", ") ) }
CROSSREFS
Cf. A000217, A016754, A002378, A024966, A027468, A028895, A028896, A045943, A046092, A049598, A088538, A124080, A008590 (first differences), A130809 (partial sums). Sequences from spirals: A001107, A002939, A002943, A007742, A033951, A033952, A033953, A033954, A033988, A033989, A033990, A033991, A033996. - Omar E. Pol, Dec 12 2008
Centered 10-gonal numbers.
+10
40
1, 11, 31, 61, 101, 151, 211, 281, 361, 451, 551, 661, 781, 911, 1051, 1201, 1361, 1531, 1711, 1901, 2101, 2311, 2531, 2761, 3001, 3251, 3511, 3781, 4061, 4351, 4651, 4961, 5281, 5611, 5951, 6301, 6661, 7031, 7411, 7801, 8201, 8611, 9031, 9461, 9901, 10351, 10811
COMMENTS
Deleting the least significant digit yields the (n-1)-st triangular number: a(n) = 10* A000217(n-1) + 1. - Amarnath Murthy, Dec 11 2003 All divisors of a(n) are congruent to 1 or -1, modulo 10; that is, they end in the decimal digit 1 or 9. Proof: If p is an odd prime different from 5 then 5n^2 - 5n + 1 == 0 (mod p) implies 25(2n - 1)^2 == 5 (mod p), whence p == 1 or -1 (mod 10). - Nick Hobson, Nov 13 2006
The continued fraction expansion of sqrt(5*a(n)) is [5n-3; {2, 2n-2, 2, 10n-6}]. For n=1, this collapses to [2; {4}]. - Magus K. Chu, Sep 12 2022 Numbers m such that 20*m + 5 is a square. Also values of the Fibonacci polynomial y^2 - x*y - x^2 for x = n and y = 3*n - 1. This is a subsequence of A089270. - Klaus Purath, Oct 30 2022 All terms can be written as a difference of two consecutive squares a(n) = A005891(n-1)^2 - A028895(n-1)^2, and they can be represented by the forms (x^2 + 2mxy + (m^2-1)y^2) and (3x^2 + (6m-2)xy + (3m^2-2m)y^2), both of discriminant 4. - Klaus Purath, Oct 17 2023
FORMULA
a(n) = 5*n*(n-1) + 1.
Binomial transform of [1, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, ...];
Narayana transform ( A001263) of [1, 10, 0, 0, 0, ...]. (End) Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = Pi * tan(Pi/(2*sqrt(5))) / sqrt(5). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 23 2019 Sum_{n>=1} a(n)/n! = 6*e - 1.
Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^n * a(n)/n! = 6/e - 1. (End)
a(n) = A144390(n-1) + 2* A028387(n-1). See Mid-section Star Pillars illustration. a(n) = a(n-2) + 10*(2*n-3).
a(n) = 2*a(n-1) - a(n-2) + 10.
PROG
(PARI) j=[]; for(n=1, 75, j=concat(j, (5*n*(n-1)+1))); j
(PARI) for (n=1, 1000, write("b062786.txt", n, " ", 5*n*(n - 1) + 1) ) \\ Harry J. Smith, Aug 11 2009 (Magma) [1+5*n*(n-1): n in [1..50]]; // G. C. Greubel, Mar 30 2019 (Sage) [1+5*rising_factorial(n-1, 2) for n in (1..50)] # G. C. Greubel, Mar 30 2019 (GAP) List([1..50], n-> 1+5*n*(n-1)) # G. C. Greubel, Mar 30 2019 (Python) def a(n): return(5*n**2-5*n+1) # Torlach Rush, May 10 2024
CROSSREFS
Cf. A001263, A124080, A101321, A028387, A016861, A003154, A005891, A000217, A004466, A144390, A000326, A060544. Cf. also A016754, A002378, A069099, A045943, A003215, A046092, A001844, A028896, A005448, A024966, A082970.
6 times triangular numbers: a(n) = 3*n*(n+1).
+10
39
0, 6, 18, 36, 60, 90, 126, 168, 216, 270, 330, 396, 468, 546, 630, 720, 816, 918, 1026, 1140, 1260, 1386, 1518, 1656, 1800, 1950, 2106, 2268, 2436, 2610, 2790, 2976, 3168, 3366, 3570, 3780, 3996, 4218, 4446, 4680, 4920, 5166, 5418, 5676
COMMENTS
Write 1,2,3,4,... in a hexagonal spiral around 0; then a(n) is the sequence found by reading the line from 0 in the direction 0, 6, ...
The spiral begins:
85--84--83--82--81--80
/ \
86 56--55--54--53--52 79
/ / \ \
87 57 33--32--31--30 51 78
/ / / \ \ \
88 58 34 16--15--14 29 50 77
/ / / / \ \ \ \
89 59 35 17 5---4 13 28 49 76
/ / / / / \ \ \ \ \
<==90==60==36==18===6===0 3 12 27 48 75
/ / / / / / / / / /
61 37 19 7 1---2 11 26 47 74
\ \ \ \ / / / /
62 38 20 8---9--10 25 46 73
\ \ \ / / /
63 39 21--22--23--24 45 72
\ \ / /
64 40--41--42--43--44 71
\ /
65--66--67--68--69--70
(End)
If Y is a 4-subset of an n-set X then, for n >= 5, a(n-5) is the number of (n-4)-subsets of X having exactly two elements in common with Y. - Milan Janjic, Dec 28 2007 a(n) is the maximal number of points of intersection of n+1 distinct triangles drawn in the plane. For example, two triangles can intersect in at most a(1) = 6 points (as illustrated in the Star of David configuration). - Terry Stickels (Terrystickels(AT)aol.com), Jul 12 2008
Also sequence found by reading the line from 0, in the direction 0, 6, ... and the same line from 0, in the direction 0, 18, ..., in the square spiral whose vertices are the generalized octagonal numbers A001082. Axis perpendicular to A195143 in the same spiral. - Omar E. Pol, Sep 18 2011 Also the number of 5-cycles in the (n+5)-triangular honeycomb acute knight graph. - Eric W. Weisstein, Jul 27 2017 a(n-4) is the maximum irregularity over all maximal 3-degenerate graphs with n vertices. The extremal graphs are 3-stars (K_3 joined to n-3 independent vertices). (The irregularity of a graph is the sum of the differences between the degrees over all edges of the graph.) - Allan Bickle, May 29 2023
FORMULA
O.g.f.: 6*x/(1 - x)^3.
a(n) = polygorial(3, n+1). - Daniel Dockery (peritus(AT)gmail.com), Jun 16 2003
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - 3*a(n-2) + a(n-3) for n>2, a(0)=0, a(1)=6, a(2)=18.
a(n) = T(3*n) - T(2*n-2) + T(n-2), where T(n) = A000217(n). In general, T(k)*T(n) = Sum_{i=0..k-1} (-1)^i*T((k-i)*(n-i)). - Charlie Marion, Dec 04 2020 Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = 1/3.
Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n) = 2*log(2)/3 - 1/3. (End)
Product_{n>=1} (1 - 1/a(n)) = -(3/Pi)*cos(sqrt(7/3)*Pi/2).
Product_{n>=1} (1 + 1/a(n)) = (3/Pi)*cosh(Pi/(2*sqrt(3))). (End)
PROG
(PARI) first(n) = Vec(6*x/(1 - x)^3 + O(x^n), -n) \\ Iain Fox, Feb 14 2018
CROSSREFS
Cf. A000217, A000567, A003215, A008588, A024966, A028895, A033996, A046092, A049598, A084939, A084940, A084941, A084942, A084943, A084944, A124080. Cf. A002378 (3-cycles in triangular honeycomb acute knight graph), A045943 (4-cycles), A152773 (6-cycles).
AUTHOR
Joe Keane (jgk(AT)jgk.org), Dec 11 1999
Partial sums of A059995: a(n) = sum_{k=0..n} floor(k/10).
+10
18
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 64, 68, 72, 76, 80, 84, 88, 92, 96, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, 130, 135, 140, 145, 150, 156, 162, 168, 174, 180, 186, 192, 198
LINKS
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (2,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,-2,1).
FORMULA
a(n) = (1/2)*floor(n/10)*(2n-8-10*floor(n/10)).
G.f.: x^10/((1-x^10)(1-x)^2).
EXAMPLE
As square array :
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30
33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60
64, 68, 72, 76, 80, 84, 88, 92, 96, 100
105, 110, 115, 120, 125, 130, 135, 140, 145, 150
156, 162, 168, 174, 180, 186, 192, 198, 204, 210
MATHEMATICA
Table[(1/2)*Floor[n/10]*(2*n - 8 - 10*Floor[n/10]), {n, 0, 50}] (* G. C. Greubel, Dec 13 2016 *) Accumulate[Table[FromDigits[Most[IntegerDigits[n]]], {n, 0, 110}]] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[{2, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, -2, 1}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2}, 120] (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 06 2017 *)
PROG
(PARI) for(n=0, 50, print1((1/2)*floor(n/10)*(2n-8-10*floor(n/10)), ", ")) \\ G. C. Greubel, Dec 13 2016
CROSSREFS
Cf. A008728, A059995, A010879, A002266, A130488, A000217, A002620, A130518, A130519, A130520, A174709, A174738, A118729, A218470.
Concentric 20-gonal numbers.
+10
14
0, 1, 20, 41, 80, 121, 180, 241, 320, 401, 500, 601, 720, 841, 980, 1121, 1280, 1441, 1620, 1801, 2000, 2201, 2420, 2641, 2880, 3121, 3380, 3641, 3920, 4201, 4500, 4801, 5120, 5441, 5780, 6121, 6480, 6841, 7220, 7601, 8000, 8401, 8820, 9241, 9680, 10121
COMMENTS
Concentric icosagonal numbers.
Sequence found by reading the line from 0, in the direction 0, 20, ..., and the same line from 1, in the direction 1, 41, ..., in the square spiral whose vertices are the generalized dodecagonal numbers A195162. Main axis, perpendicular to A124080 in the same spiral.
FORMULA
a(n) = 5*n^2 + 2*(-1)^n-2;
a(n) = -a(n-1) + 10*n^2 - 10*n + 1. (End)
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = Pi^2/120 + tan(Pi/sqrt(5))*Pi/(8*sqrt(5)). - Amiram Eldar, Jan 17 2023
MATHEMATICA
LinearRecurrence[{2, 0, -2, 1}, {0, 1, 20, 41}, 50] (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 08 2016 *)
Centered 18-gonal numbers.
+10
11
1, 19, 55, 109, 181, 271, 379, 505, 649, 811, 991, 1189, 1405, 1639, 1891, 2161, 2449, 2755, 3079, 3421, 3781, 4159, 4555, 4969, 5401, 5851, 6319, 6805, 7309, 7831, 8371, 8929, 9505, 10099, 10711, 11341, 11989, 12655, 13339, 14041, 14761, 15499, 16255, 17029, 17821
COMMENTS
Equals binomial transform of [1, 18, 18, 0, 0, 0, ...]. Example: a(3) = 55 = (1, 2, 1) dot (1, 18, 18) = (1 + 36 + 18). - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 24 2010 Sequence is a spoke of the hexagonal spiral built from the terms of A016777 (see illustration in links section). a(n) + 2 is a trisection of A002061. a(n) + 9 is the arithmetic mean of its neighbors.
4*a(n) + 5 is a square: A016945(n)^2. (End)
FORMULA
a(n) = 9*n^2 - 9*n + 1.
G.f.: ( x*(1+16*x+x^2) ) / ( (1-x)^3 ). - R. J. Mathar, Feb 04 2011 a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - 3*a(n-2) + a(n-3); a(1)=1, a(2)=19, a(3)=55. - Harvey P. Dale, Jan 20 2014 Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = Pi*tan(sqrt(5)*Pi/6)/(3*sqrt(5)).
Sum_{n>=1} a(n)/n! = 10*e - 1.
Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^n * a(n)/n! = 10/e - 1. (End)
a(n+1) - a(n) = 18*n = A008600(n). (End)
EXAMPLE
a(5) = 181 because 9*5^2 - 9*5 + 1 = 225 - 45 + 1 = 181.
MATHEMATICA
LinearRecurrence[{3, -3, 1}, {1, 19, 55}, 50] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jan 20 2014 *)
CROSSREFS
Cf. centered polygonal numbers listed in A069190. Cf. A000217, A028387, A195042, A016945, A002378, A082040, A304163, A003215, A247792, A016777, A016778, A016790, A010008, A008600, A002061. Cf. A000290, A139278, A069129, A062786, A033996, A060544, A027468, A016754, A124080, A069099, A152740, A049598, A005891, A152741, A001844, A163756, A005448, A194715.
11 times triangular numbers.
+10
9
0, 11, 33, 66, 110, 165, 231, 308, 396, 495, 605, 726, 858, 1001, 1155, 1320, 1496, 1683, 1881, 2090, 2310, 2541, 2783, 3036, 3300, 3575, 3861, 4158, 4466, 4785, 5115, 5456, 5808, 6171, 6545, 6930, 7326, 7733, 8151, 8580, 9020, 9471, 9933, 10406, 10890
COMMENTS
Sequence found by reading the line from 0, in the direction 0, 11,... and the same line from 0, in the direction 0, 33,..., in the square spiral whose vertices are the generalized tridecagonal numbers A195313. Axis perpendicular to A195149 in the same spiral. - Omar E. Pol, Sep 18 2011
FORMULA
a(n) = 11*n*(n+1)/2 = 11* A000217(n). G.f.: 11*x/(1-x)^3.
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) -3*a(n-2) +a(n-3) for n>2, a(0)=0, a(1)=11, a(2)=33.
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = 2/11.
Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n) = (4*log(2) - 2)/11.
Product_{n>=1} (1 - 1/a(n)) = -(11/(2*Pi))*cos(sqrt(19/11)*Pi/2).
Product_{n>=1} (1 + 1/a(n)) = (11/(2*Pi))*cos(sqrt(3/11)*Pi/2). (End)
MATHEMATICA
LinearRecurrence[{3, -3, 1}, {0, 11, 33}, 100] (* G. C. Greubel, Dec 22 2015 *)
PROG
(PARI) my(x='x+O('x^100)); concat(0, Vec(11*x/(1-x)^3)) \\ Altug Alkan, Dec 23 2015
CROSSREFS
Cf. A000217, A022268, A022269, A049598, A051865, A069125, A124080, A180223, A195149, A195313, A211013, A218530.
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