Integrity Sharing Subdirektorat SALK 2024

KEMENTERIAN KEUANGAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA

DIREKTORAT JENDERAL PERBENDAHARAAN
DIREKTORAT AKUNTANSI DAN PELAPORAN KEUANGAN
GEDUNG PRIJADI PRAPTOSUHARJO II LANTAI 2
JL. BUDI UTOMO NO. 6, JAKARTA 10710 KOTAK POS 1495
TELEPON: 3847068 - 3449230 EXT. 5500 / FAKSIMILI: 3864776

LAPORAN PELAKSANAAN
KEGIATAN APK SIAGA (SALING JAGA) INTEGRITAS
PADA DIREKTROAT AKUNTANSI DAN PELAPORAN KEUANGAN PERIODE TW I
JAKARTA, 28 FEBRUARI 2024

1. Dasar Kegiatan
Nota Dinas Direktur Akuntansi dan Pelaporan Keuangan nomor ND-147/PB.6/2024 tanggal 15
Februari 2024 hal Pelaksanaan Kegiatan APK SIAGA (Saling Jaga) Integritas Pada Direktorat
Akuntansi dan Pelaporan Keuangan Periode Triwulan I.

2. Waktu dan Tempat Kegiatan

Subdirektorat Statistik dan Analisis Laporan Keuangan Direktorat APK telah menyelenggarakan
Kegiatan APK SIAGA (Saling Jaga) Integritas pada:
Hari/tanggal : Rabu, 28 Februari 2024
Waktu : Pukul 08.00 WIB s.d. selesai
Tempat : Ruang Rapat Direktorat APK Gedung Prijadi Praptosuhardjo III Lantai 1
Agenda : Kegiatan APK SIAGA (Saling Jaga) Integritas

3. Peserta Kegiatan
Peserta Kegiatan APK SIAGA (Saling Jaga) Integritas adalah pejabat dan pegawai lingkup
Subdirektorat Statistik dan Analisis Laporan Keuangan, Direktorat Akuntansi dan Pelaporan
Keuangan.

4. Latar Belakang Kegiatan

Menindaklanjuti Nota Dinas Sekretaris Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan nomor
ND-2741/PB.1/2023 tanggal 24 Agustus 2023 hal Pelaksanaan Integrity Sharing Lingkup
Ditjen Perbendaharaan, mengamanatkan hal-hal sebagai berikut:
a. Pelaksanaan Sosialisasi Antikorupsi bagi para pimpinan unit selaku lini pertama dan unit
kepatuhan internal selaku lini kedua dilaksanakan pada level unit kerja minimal dua kali dalam
setahun dengan ketentuan satu kegiatan wajib dilaksanakan dengan bentuk konvensional (in
house training, townhall meeting, seminar/webinar) dan satu kegiatan nonwajib dalam bentuk
integrity sharing.
b. Kegiatan integrity sharing adalah kegiatan yang berbentuk dialog dua arah antara pegawai
dengan pimpinan/manajemen dengan skala kegiatan yang lebih kecil daripada kegiatan
sosialisasi konvensional sehingga penyampaian pesan integritas/antikorupsi lebih tepat
sasaran dan efektif. Kegiatan ini mengakomodir pegawai dengan kelompok usia muda yang
memiliki kebutuhkan untuk bisa bebas mengeluarkan pendapat dan memberi masukan terkait
peluang maupun tantangan dalam menjalankan tugas dan fungsi sehari-hari.
c. Untuk pemenuhan Sosialisasi Antikorupsi di lingkup Ditjen Perbendaharaan, selain
melaksanakan kegiatan sosialisasi secara konvensional, setiap unit agar melaksanaan

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 Integrity Sharing Subdirektorat SALK 2024

kegiatan integrity sharing pada unit kerja masing-masing. Untuk menjaga efektivitas
penyampaian pesan-pesan integritas dan antikorupsi kegiatan, integrity sharing agar
dilaksanakan semenarik dan seinteraktif mungkin sehingga pelaksanaan acara dapat berjalan
secara dua arah dengan diskusi aktif dari seluruh partisipan.
d. Nota Dinas Direktur Akuntansi dan Pelaporan Keuangan nomor ND-147/PB.6/2024 tanggal 15
Februari 2024 hal Pelaksanaan Kegiatan APK SIAGA (Saling Jaga) Integritas Pada
Direktorat Akuntansi dan Pelaporan Keuangan Periode Triwulan I.

5. Tujuan
Kegiatan APK SIAGA (Saling Jaga) Integritas pada Direktorat Akuntansi dan Pelaporan Keuangan
dimaksud bertujuan untuk meningkatkan budaya saling jaga integritas di Direktorat APK serta dalam
rangka memperingati Hari Anti Korupsi Sedunia (Hakordia) 2024.

6. Pelaksanaan Kegiatan
a. Pelaksanaan kegiatan berupa paparan diskusi santai yang berlangsung secara dua arah antara
Kepala Subdirektorat Statistik dan Analisis Laporan Keuangan dengan para kepala seksi maupun
pelaksana.
b. Acara dibuka oleh Kepala Subdirektorat Statistik dan Analisis Laporan Keuangan.
c. Setelah acara dibuka, dilanjut paparan presentasi mengenai “Pencegahan Gratifikasi Menjelang
Hari Raya Idul Fitri” dan video inspirasi mengenai Penolakan Gratifikasi “ oleh Arga Jonathan
Pelaksana pada Subdirektorat SALK.
d. Poin-poin diskusi
Topik diskusi yaitu “Pencegahan Gratifikasi Menjelang Hari Raya Idul Fitri” disampaikan beberapa
poin yaitu sebagai berikut:
A. Gratifikasi yang Wajib Dilaporkan:
- Penerimaan dari anggota keluarga: Hadiah dari keluarga seperti orang tua, suami/istri,
anak, dan lainnya yang berpotensi konflik kepentingan
- Pemberian dalam acara keagamaan atau adat: Hadiah dalam pernikahan, kelahiran, atau
acara adat, melebihi Rp1 juta per pemberi, harus diwaspadai.
- Bantuan terkait musibah atau bencana: Bantuan yang melebihi Rp1 juta per orang dari
masing-masing pemberi, perlu diperhatikan.
- Pemberian dari sesama pegawai: Pemberian dalam acara pisah sambut, pensiun, dll.,
maksimal Rp300 ribu per pemberian, total tidak lebih dari Rp1 juta per tahun.
B. Gratifikasi yang Tidak Wajib Dilaporkan:
- Penerimaan dari anggota keluarga tanpa benturan kepentingan diizinkan.Pemberian dalam
acara keagamaan atau adat: Hadiah dalam pernikahan, kelahiran, atau acara adat, melebihi
Rp1 juta per pemberi, harus diwaspadai.
- Hadiah dalam acara seperti pernikahan, kelahiran, dll., maksimal Rp1 juta per pemberi
- Bantuan terkait musibah atau bencana, paling banyak Rp1 juta per kejadian.
- Hidangan umum, prestasi akademis/non-akademis, keuntungan dari investasi pribadi,
manfaat koperasi, goody bag dari kegiatan resmi, hadiah dari pemerintah, dan hadiah dari
kontes/kompetisi terbuka diperbolehkan.
- Penerimaan honor/insentif sebagai pembicara/narasumber, maksimal sesuai dengan
ketentuan.
- Pemberian Sesama Pegawai:
a. Tanpa uang, maksimal Rp300 ribu per pemberian, total Rp 1 Juta per tahun.
b. Dalam bentuk uang atau setara, maksimal Rp 200 ribu per pemberian.
C. Benda gratifikasi yang sifatnya mudah rusak (makanan/minuman) dapat diserahkan ke lembaga
sosial atau pihak yang lebih membutuhkan. Benda gratifikasi wajib disimpan oleh Pelapor
sampai status benda tersebut ditetapkan oleh UPG/KPK.

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 Integrity Sharing Subdirektorat SALK 2024

Demikian laporan pelaksanaan kegiatan ini kami susun sebagai pertanggungjawaban dan
kelengkapan administrasi serta arsip dokumen bagi pengembangan sumber daya manusia di bidang
pelaporan keuangan pemerintah di masa depan.

Mengetahui/Menyetujui: Jakarta, 28 Februari 2024

Kepala Seksi KPKPU, Penyusun Laporan,

Ditandatangani secara elektronik Ditandatangani secara elektronik

Asep Resmana Arga Jonathan Hasiolan Manurung

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 Integrity Sharing Subdirektorat SALK 2024

Dokumentasi

Direktorat Akuntansi & Pelaporan Keuangan Page 4

 KEMENTERIAN KEUANGAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA
DIREKTORAT JENDERAL PERBENDAHARAAN
DIREKTORAT AKUNTANSI DAN PELAPORAN KEUANGAN
GEDUNG PRIJADI PRAPTOSUHARDJO III LT.2 JL. BUDI UTOMO NO. 6 JAKARTA 10710
TELEPON: 021-3449230 (5500) 021-3847068, FAKSIMILI: 021-3864776
Situs: www.perbendaharaan.go.id

Laporan Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Evaluasi Internal dan Capacity Building

Direktorat Akuntansi dan Pelaporan Keuangan Tahun 2024

1. Dasar Kegiatan
Surat Tugas Direktur Akuntansi dan Pelaporan Keuangan Nomor ST-225/PB.6/2024
tanggal 28 Maret 2024.

2. Waktu dan Tempat

Kegiatan Evaluasi Internal dan Capacity Building Direktorat Akuntansi dan Pelaporan
Keuangan Tahun 2024 diselenggarakan pada:
Hari/tanggal : Selasa - Kamis, 23 - 25 April 2024
Waktu : Selasa pukul 09.30 - 22.00 WIB, keberangkatan ke lokasi venue,
kegiatan peningkatan kompetensi dengan narasumber professional
dan kegiatan evaluasi internal
Rabu pukul 06.00 - 22.00 WIB, kegiatan outdoor activity dan malam
apresiasi
Kamis pukul 06.00 - 12.00 WIB, kegiatan olah raga dan kepulangan
Tempat : Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat

3. Agenda
a. Kegiatan Evaluasi Internal dan Capacity Building Direktorat APK Tahun 2024
difokuskan pada pengembangan kompetensi sosiokultural dengan mengangkat tema
“Embracing Change and Transformation, Enchance Your Sociocultural
Competence”.
b. Kegiatan Evaluasi Internal dan Capacity Building bertujuan untuk:
1) Meningkatkan kapasitas Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) Direktorat APK;
2) Meningkatkan kolaborasi dan koordinasi internal pada Direktorat APK dalam
rangka APKyang solutif dalam mengatasi permasalahan yang dihadapi;
3) Meningkatkan kompetensi sosial kultural antara lain peningkatan wawasan
sosial, budaya,sejarah dan lingkungan.

4. Peserta
Peserta Kegiatan Evaluasi Internal dan Capacity Building Direktorat APK Tahun 2024
terdiri dari:
a. Pejabat dan Pegawai Direktorat Akuntansi dan Pelaporan Keuangan;
b. Perwakilan Pejabat dan Pegawai Sekretariat Ditjen Perbendaharaan;
c. Pegawai Pemerintah Non Pegawai Negeri (PPNPN) lingkup Direktorat Akuntansi
danPelaporan Keuangan;
d. Narasumber Profesional untuk sesi motivasi.

5. Pelaksanaan Kegiatan
a. Latar Belakang
Direktorat Akuntansi dan Pelaporan Keuangan merupakan Unit Eselon II pada
Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan yang mempunyai tugas merumuskan serta
melaksanakan kebijakan dan standardisasi teknis di bidang akuntansi dan pelaporan
keuangan dan tugas lain yang ditetapkan oleh Direktur Jenderal Perbendaharaan
sesuai Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 118/PMK.01/2021 tentang Organisasi dan
Tata Kerja Kementerian Keuangan. Dalam melaksanakan tugas dimaksud, Direktorat
Akuntansi dan Pelaporan Keuangan menyelenggarakan fungsi penyiapan bahan
perumusan dan penyusunan kebijakan, norma, standar, prosedur, dan kriteria di
bidang akuntansi dan pelaporan keuangan, penyiapan pelaksanaan kebijakan di
bidang akuntansi dan pelaporan keuangan, penyiapan pelaksanaan pembinaan,
analisis serta evaluasi di bidang akuntansi dan pelaporan keuangan dan penyiapan
pelaksanaan urusan tata usaha Direktorat Akuntansi dan Pelaporan Keuangan.
Dalam melaksanakan tugas dan fungsinya, Direktorat Akuntansi dan
Pelaporan Keuangan didukung oleh pegawai sebanyak 117 (seratus tujuh belas)
pegawai. Arah kebijakan dan strategi pengelolaan SDM Direktorat APK sesuai dengan
Rencana Strategis Direktorat Akuntansi dan Pelaporan Keuangan Tahun 2020 - 2024
disusun dengan berlandaskan pada arah kebijakan SDM DJPb dengan disesuaikan
dengan tugas dan fungsi serta kondisi kekhususan organisasi Direktorat APK sebagai
berikut:
1) Mewujudkan ASN Direktorat APK yang profesional dalam mewujudkan misi
organisasi: pelaksanaan akuntansi dan pelaporan keuangan pemerintah yang
akuntabel, transparan, andal dan tepat waktu.
2) Mewujudkan ASN DJPb yang adaptif terhadap perkembangan teknologi dengan
kompetensi digital yang merata dan terus berkembang pada seluruh pegawai,
serta berkarakteristik, agile terhadap dinamika organisasi yang terus berubah.
Sebagai bagian dari Kementerian Keuangan, Direktorat Akuntansi dan
Pelaporan Keuangan turut menerapkan nilai-nilai Kementerian Keuangan dalam
rangka mewujudkan Kementerian Keuangan sebagai institusi pemerintahan yang
terbaik, berkualitas, bermartabat, terpercaya dan dihormati. Nilai-Nilai Kementerian
Keuangan ini menjadi dasar dan pondasi bagi pimpinan dan seluruh pegawai
Kementerian Keuangan dalam mengabdi, bekerja dan bersikap untuk mendukung
peningkatan kinerja institusi. Nilai-Nilai Kementerian Keuangan dimaksud ditetapkan
dalam Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 312/KMK.01/2011 tanggal 12 September
2021 tentang Nilai-nilai Kementerian Keuangan yang terdiri dari integritas,
profesionalisme, sinergi, pelayanan dan kesempurnaan.
Selanjutnya, berdasarkan Undang-undang nomor 5 tahun 2014 tentang
Aparatur Sipil Negara, terdapat 3 (tiga) fungsi yang dimiliki oleh Aparatur Sipil Negara,
yaitu pelaksana kebijakan publik, pelayan publik dan perekat dan pemersatu bangsa.
Dalam rangka menjalankan fungsi ketiga (perekat dan pemersatu bangsa) setiap ASN
perlu memiliki kompetensi sosial kultural sebagaimana amanah Peraturan Pemerintah
nomor 11 tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen ASN. Kompetensi sosial kultural menurut
Peraturan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara Reformasi dan Birokrasi
(Permenpan-RB) Nomor 38 tahun 2017 adalah pengetahuan, keterampilan dan
sikap/perilaku yang dapat diamati, diukur dan dikembangkan terkait dengan
pengalaman berinteraksi dengan masyarakat majemuk dalam hal agama, suku dan
budaya, perilaku, wawasan kebangsaan, etika, nilai-nilai, moral, emosi dan prinsip,
yang harus dipenuhi oleh setiap pemegang jabatan untuk memperoleh hasil kerja
sesuai dengan peran, fungsi dan jabatan.
Adapun perekat dan pemersatu bangsa didefenisikan sebagai kemampuan
dalam mempromosikan sikap toleransi, keterbukaan, peka terhadap perbedaan
 individu/kelompok masyarakat; mampu menjadi perpanjangan tangan pemerintah
dalam mempersatukan masyarakat dan membangun hubungan sosial psikologis
dengan masyarakat ditengah kemajemukan Indonesia sehingga menciptakan
kelekatan yang kuat antara ASN dan para pemangku kepentingan serta diantara
pemangku kepentingan itu sendiri; menjaga, mengembangkan, dan mewujudkan rasa
persatuan dan kesatuan dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara.
Direktorat Akuntansi dan Pelaporan Keuangan memiliki motto layanan yaitu
APK Bersih, Jujur, Melayani yang melambangkan motivasi, semangat, dan tujuan dari
setiap layanan yang diberikan oleh Direktorat Akuntansi dan Pelaporan Keuangan
kepada seluruh Stakeholders. Dalam rangka peningkatan kapasitas SDM sesuai
dengan Renstra Direktorat Akuntansi dan Pelaporan Keuangan dan untuk
mempersiapkan para pejabat dan pegawai Direktorat APK yang memiliki kompetensi
sosialkultural yang baik dalam menghadapi segala tantangan pada tahun 2024, telah
dilaksanakan Kegiatan Evaluasi Internal dan Capacity Building Direktorat APK pada
hari Selasa - Kamis tanggal 23 - 25 April 2024 di Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat.
b. Rundown Kegiatan
Acara Hari Pertama, Selasa, 23 April 2024:
1) 08.30 – 09.00 : Persiapan keberangkatan (loading barang/bagasi)
2) 09.00 – 12.00 : Perjalanan ke lokasi venue dan pembagian snack box perjalanan (EO)
3) 12.00 – 13.15 : ISHOMA (Resto Altius-Hotel Grand Aston)
4) 13.15 – 15.05 : a) Pembukaan
b) Paparan terkait tugas dan fungsi serta current issue di lingkup
masing-masing Subdirektorat
5) 15.05 – 15.45 : Sholat Ashar dan Coffee break (Ballroom)
6) 15.45 – 16.45 : a) Perkenalan dan Paparan Pejabat Pengawas yang baru bergabung di
Direktorat APK
7) 16.45 – 17.45 : Arahan Pimpinan
8) 17.45 – 17.50 : Penutupan
9) 17.50 – 18.00 : Pembagian Kunci
10) 18.00 – 19.30 : ISHOMA (Ballroom)
11) 19.30 – 22.00 : a) Kegiatan peningkatan kompetensi dengan tema “Etika Dalam
Hubungan Sosial Budaya dan Dalam Hubungan Kerja”
b) Ramah tamah dan hiburan
c) Coffee break (Ballroom)
Acara Hari Kedua, Rabu, 24 April 2024 :
1) 06.00 – 07.30 : Sarapan Pagi (Resto Altius-Hotel Grand Aston)
2) 07.30 – 08.00 : Persiapan keberangkatan
3) 08.00 – 11.30 : Outdoor activity sesi I
Safari Siang & Istana Panda (Taman Safari). Jarak dari Hotel Grand
Aston Puncak ke Taman Safari ± 16 km (40 menit)
Coffee break (EO)
4) 11.30 – 13.00 : Perjalanan ke Kebun Raya Bogor. Jarak dari Taman Safari ke Kebun
Raya Bogor ± 25 km (45 menit)
Sholat diperjalanan pada masjid yang besar
5) 13.00 – 14.30 : Istirahat dan makan siang konsep prasmanan di Kebun Raya Bogor
bertempat di “Restoran Rasa” (EO)
6) 14.30 – 16.00 : Outdoor activity sesi II
Kebun Raya Bogor.
Museum Munasain, Jarak dari Kebun Raya ke Museum Munasain ±
1 km (5 menit).
7) 16.00 – 17.30 : Perjalanan kembali ke hotel. Jarak dari Museum Munasain ke Grand
Aston Puncak ± 40 km (1 jam 10 menit)
Sholat diperjalanan pada masjid yang besar
8) 17.30 – 19.30 : Coffee break (Ballroom)
ISHOMA (Ballroom)
 9) 19.30 – 22.00 : a) Penampilan seni/budaya oleh grup seni/budaya setempat
(angklung/calung),
b) Pemberian Apresiasi
c) Ramah tamah dan hiburan
d) Coffee break (Ballroom)
Acara Hari Ketiga, Kamis, 25 April 2024 :
1) 06.30 – 07.30 : Senam Pagi
2) 07.30 – 09.00 : Sarapan Pagi (Resto Altius-Hotel Grand Aston)
3) 09.00 – 09.30 : Persiapan kembali ke Jakarta/kantor (loading barang/bagasi)
4) 09.30 – 12.00 : Perjalanan kembali ke Jakarta/kantor
Pembagian lunch box (Hotel)
pembagian snack box perjalanan (EO)

c. Rincian Pelaksanaan Kegiatan

1) Hari Pertama
a) Penyelenggaraan kegiatan Evaluasi Internal dan Capacity Building Direktorat
APK Tahun 2024 dilaksanakan oleh Panitia Direktorat APK dan dibantu dari
Econand Training Provider dan Event Organizer dimulai dari penyediaan
transportasi sampai dengan pengorganisasian acara indoor maupun outdoor.
b) Peserta kegiatan berangkat menuju Hotel Grand Aston Puncak dari kantor
pada pukul 09.30 WIB. Mobilisasi seluruh peserta dilakukan dengan
menggunakan 3 (tiga) buah Bus Blue Bird dengan kapasitas 44 (empat puluh
empat) orang, khusus untuk keberangkatan disediakan 1 (satu) buah Mobil
Hiace yang digunakan untuk mobilisasi peserta yang berangkat menyusul.
c) Para peserta tiba di Hotel Grand Aston Puncak pada pukul 12.15 WIB dan
diberi kesempatan untuk istirahat, sholat dan makan siang sampai dengan
pukul 13.30 WIB.
d) Sesi Pertama
 Acara sesi pertama dipandu oleh MC Internal Direktorat APK dengan
dresscode hari pertama menggunakan baju smart casual.
 Acara sesi pertama dimulai dengan pembukaan oleh MC dan pelaksanaan
kegiatan PSAP (Paparan Subdit APK) yaitu perkenalan dan paparan tugas,
fungsi dan current issue masing-masing Subdirektorat lingkup Direktorat
APK.
 Peraturan pelaksanaan PSAP (Paparan Subdit APK), sebagai berikut:
 Setiap Subdirektorat mengirimkan perwakilan staf 2 - 3 orang untuk
menjadi presenter dan asrot.
 Waktu paparan 10 (sepuluh) menit
 Urutan paparan:
Paparan Tim 1 Subdirektorat SAP;
Paparan Tim 2 Subdirektorat BAIBUN;
Paparan Tim 3 Subdirektorat APPKBUN;
Paparan Tim 4 Subdirektorat PLKPP;
Paparan Tim 5 Subdirektorat SALK;
Paparan Tim 6 Subdirektorat SA.
 Setelah paparan, seluruh anggota Subdirektorat diperkenankan untuk
maju mendampingi presenter dalam sesi tanya jawab, namun bisa juga
tidak.
  Akan ada sesi tanya jawab selama 5 (lima) menit. Penanya adalah Ibu
Direktur (jika berkenan) dan Kasubdit dari tim yang selanjutnya akan
tampil atau Kasubdit lain, kecuali Kasubdit dari tim yang tampil.
 Pelaksanaan PSAP (Paparan Subdit APK) dilaksanakan dengan tertib dan
lancar sesuai alokasi waktu yang telah ditentukan.
 Selanjutnya menutup sesi pertama yaitu Arahan Pimpinan yang
disampaikan oleh Direktur Akuntansi dan Pelaporan Keuangan, dengan
point-point yang disampaikan sebagai berikut:
 Kegiatan Evaluasi Internal dan Capacity Building Direktorat APK Tahun
2024 dilakukan di saat ritme kesibukan Direktorat APK sedang sangat
tinggi, namun saya merasa kegiatan ini penting untuk dilaksanakan.
 Ke depan DJPb akan mempunyai peran yang penting karena
diperkirakan DJP dan DJBC akan menjadi Badan Penerimaan Negara
(BPN), DJPb akan menjadi satu-satunya Unit Eselon I lingkup
Kementerian Keuangan yang mempunyai instansi vertikal dan
kemungkinan terdapat Unit Eselon I yang akan digabung ke DJPb.
e) Sesi Kedua
 Setelah selesai sesi pertama, disediakan coffe break sore dan
dilaksanakan pembagian kunci kamar kepada seluruh peserta.
 Untuk sesi kedua, dibuka dengan perkenalan dan paparan yang terdiri dari
profil, rencana ke depan dan apa yang akan dikembangan oleh Pejabat
Pengawas yang baru bergabung di Direktorat APK. Urutan paparan
sebagai berikut:
 Ni Made Oka Kartika (Kasubbag TU Subdirektorat SAP);
 Putu Jaya Permana (Kasi Sistem Akuntansi Instansi Subdirektorat SA);
Paparan Pejabat Pengawas dihentikan sejenak dan dilanjutkan kembali
setelah kegiatan peningkatan kompetensi selesai dilaksanakan.
 Kemudian acara selanjutnya adalah kegiatan peningkatan kompetensi
dengan tema “Etika Dalam Hubungan Sosial Budaya dan Dalam
Hubungan Kerja” yang dibawakan oleh Narasumber Profesional Shahnaz
Haque yang menyampaikan materi interaktif dengan topik Groom
Communication, bagaimana cara mengetahui tipe dan karakter orang dan
cara menghadapi masing-masing tipe dan karakter orang tersebut dan
meditasi bersama-sama seluruh peserta.
 Acara dilanjutkan kembali dengan paparan oleh Pejabat Pengawas yang
baru bergabung di Direktorat APK. Urutan paparan sebagai berikut:
 Muhammad Teguh Pramesti (Kasi Bimbingan Akuntansi Instansi III
Subdirektorat BAIBUN);
 Samsul Hadi (Kasi Bimbingan Akuntansi Regional dan BUN
Subdirektorat BAIBUN);
 Adi Setiawan (Kasi Akuntansi Pusat dan Pelaporan Realisasi Anggaran
BUN Subdirektorat APPKBUN);
 Tri Priyatmo (Kasi ALKPMKP Subdirektorat SALK).
 Setelah seluruh paparan selesai dilaksanakan, kegiatan ditutup oleh
Arahan dari Direktur Akuntansi dan Pelaporan Keuangan dengan poin
penting yang disampaikan yaitu diharapkan oleh Pejabat Pengawas yang
baru bergabung di Direktorat APK dapat langsung bisa menyesuaikan dan
bekerja dengan baik.
2) Hari Kedua
a) Sesi Pertama
 Sesi Pertama merupakan kegiatan outdoor activity dan dresscode hari
kedua outdoor activity adalah atasan polo warna bebas dan bawahan
bebas.
 Kegiatan outdoor activity terdiri dari kunjungan ke Taman Safari Indonesia,
Kebun Raya Bogor dan Museum Nasional Alam Indonesia.
 Seluruh peserta melaksanakan kunjungan ke Taman Safari Indonesia dan
mengunjungi Istana Panda, dengan manfaat yang diperoleh antara lain
mencintai satwa, menambah pengetahuan, menjadi ajang waktu
berkumpul yang pas dan ideal untuk seluruh peserta kegiatan.
 Setelah kunjungan ke Taman Safari Indonesia selesai, para peserta
menuju lokasi outdoor activity selanjutnya yaitu Kebun Raya Bogor
sekaligus untuk istirahat dan makan siang. Sambil makan siang di Restoran
Raasaa yang terdapat di dalam komplek Kebun Raya Bogor, para peserta
dapat menikmati pemandangan yang indah yang disuguhkan di Kebun
Raya Bogor.
 Dikarenakan perjalanan yang ditempuh dari Taman Safari Indonesia
menuju ke Kebun Raya Bogor memakan waktu yang lebih lama dari
perkiraan (para peserta sampai di Kebun Raya Bogor pukul 15.00 WIB)
dan waktu berkunjung ke Museum Nasional Alam Indonesia berakhir pada
pukul 16.00 WIB, sehingga kunjungan ke Museum Nasional Alam
Indonesia tidak dapat dilaksanakan.
b) Sesi Kedua
a) Sesi kedua dipandu oleh MC Internal Direktorat APK berkolaborasi dengan
MC Eksternal dengan dresscode atasan Jaket Mills Seragam Capacity
Building dan Bawahan Casual.
b) Acara dibuka dengan penampilan Grup Angkung Interaktif, yang
menjelaskan tentang sejarah Angklung dan melibatkan seluruh peserta
untuk memainkan Angklung bersama-sama.
c) Pada kegiatan evaluasi internal dan capacity building ini, Direktorat APK
mengundang Pejabat Pengawas lingkup Direktorat APK yang baru saja
dimutasi untuk melaksanakan serah terima jabatan kepada Pejabat
Pengawas yang baru yang diwakili oleh:
Jabatan Pejabat Lama Pejabat Baru
Kasi Sistem
Akuntansi Instansi Didied Ary Setyanang Putu Jaya Permana
Subdirektorat SA
Kasi Bimbingan
Akuntansi Instansi Muhammad Teguh
Heri Santoso
III Subdirektorat Pramesti
BAIBUN
Kasi ALKPMKP
Bonny Adam Tri Priyatmo
Subdirektorat SALK
 d) Selanjutnya, acara dilanjutkan dengan pemberian Penghaargaan
Direktorat APK Tahun 2024 untuk berbagai kategori dan pemenang
sebagai berikut:
 Pegawai Berprestasi Direktorat APK
Juara I : Ferarizca Romadhona Rivandi
Juara II : Manggala Adi Windoro
Juara III : Nadia Rahma Nur Insyira
 Pegawai Teladan Direktorat APK
Juara I : Prisma Wahyu Ardana
Juara II : Muhammad Irfan Rizaldi
Juara III : Tyas Ayu Prasanti
 Pengelolaan Kinerja
Juara I : Subdirektorat PLKPP
Juara II : Subdirektorat SAP
Juara III : Subdirektorat SALK
 Realisasi Anggaran
Juara I : Subdirektorat APPKBUN
Juara II : Subdirektorat SALK
Juara III : Subdirektorat SA
 Hard Competency Dengan Nilai 100 Terbanyak
Juara I : Subdirektorat SALK
Juara II : Subdirektorat SAP
Juara III : Subdirektorat BAIBUN
 Paparan Subdirektorat APK Terbaik
Juara I : Subdirektorat SA
Juara II : Subdirektorat PLKPP
Juara III : Subdirektorat BAIBUN
e) Sesi kedua ditutup dengan acara ramah tamah dan hiburan.
3) Hari Ketiga
a) Hari ketiga merupakan acara bebas, seluruh peserta diberi kesempatan untuk
menikmati pemandangan disekitar Hotel Grand Aston Puncak.
b) Selanjutnya seluruh peserta bersiap untuk check out, dengan jadwal
kepulangan sebagai berikut:
 Bus I pukul 08.30 WIB; dan
 Bus II dan III pukul 09.30 WIB.
c) Seluruh peserta telah tiba di kantor Direktorat APK dan kembali bekerja sesuai
aktivitas masing-masing.

6. Absensi
Daftar absensi Kegiatan Evaluasi Internal dan Capacity Building Direktorat APK Tahun
2024 sebagaimana terlampir.
7. Dokumentasi
Mengetahui: Notulis,

Ditandatangani secara elektronik Ditandatangani secara elektronik

Ni Made Oka Kartika Aji Darmaji
NIP.19740310 199511 2 001 NIP.19840526 200312 1 004
 MANUAL

GOVERNMENT FINANCE
STATISTICS MANUAL 2014

2014

I N T E R N A T I O N A L M O N E T A R Y F U N D
 © 2014 International Monetary Fund

Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Joint Bank-Fund Library
Government onance statistics manual 2014. – Washington, D.C. : International Monetary
Fund, 2014.
pages; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN: 978-1-49834-376-3

1. Finance, Public – Statistics – Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. International Monetary Fund.

HJ131.M26 2014

ISBN: 978-1-49834-376-3 (paper)

978-1-49837-921-2 (ePub)
978-1-49836-697-7 (Mobi pocket)
978-1-49837-916-8 (web PDF)

Disclaimer: |e views expressed in this book are those of the authors and should not be
reported as or attributed to the International Monetary Fund, its Executive Board, or the
governments of any of its member countries.

Please send orders to:

International Monetary Fund, Publication Services
P.O. Box 92780, Washington, DC 20090, U.S.A.
Tel.: (202) 623-7430 Fax: (202) 623-7201
E-mail: publications@imf.org
Internet: www.elibrary.imf.org
www.imfookstore.org
Contents

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xix

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxi

Chapters

1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Purpose of the Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
|e Evolution of International Statistical Guidelines on GFS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
|e Update of the GFSM 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Uses of the GFS Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Structure and Features of the GFS Framework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Methodological Diferences with the GFSM 1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Coverage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Basis of Recording Economic Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Valuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Balance Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Integration of Flows and Stock Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
|e Analytic Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Harmonization with Other Methodologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Implementation of the GFS Framework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Structure of the Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2. Institutional Units and Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Residence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Institutional Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Deonition of an Institutional Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Types of Institutional Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Legal and social entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Nonproot institutions (NPIs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Government units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Application of the Deonition of an Institutional Unit to Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Institutional Sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Deoning Institutional Sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Nononancial corporations sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Financial corporations sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
General government sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
xviii Contents

A8.2 Classiocation of Expense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388

A8.3 Classiocations of Flows and Stock Positions in Assets and Liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
A8.4 Classiocations of the Counterparty of Transactions and Stock Positions in Financial
Assets and Liabilities by Institutional Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
A8.5 Classiocation of Debt Liabilities and Financial Assets Corresponding to Debt Instruments
by Maturity and by Type of Debt Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
A8.6 Classiocation of Expenditure by Functions of Government According to Divisions and Groups. . . . . . 395

Figures
2.1 Types of Institutional Units and |eir Relation to Sectors of the Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.2 |e Public Sector and Its Relation to Other Institutional Sectors of the Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3 |e Public Sector and Its Main Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4 Decision Tree for Sector Classiocation of Public Entities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.1 Structure of the GFS Analytic Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
7.1 Net Worth in a Macroeconomic Statistics Balance Sheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
7.2 Overview of Liabilities and Contingent Liabilities in Macroeconomic Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
8.1 Illustrating the Treatment of Costs of Ownership Transfer on Nonproduced Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
A2.1 Boundary between Social Protection and Private Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
A2.2 Typology of Social Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
A3.1 Decision Tree for the Statistical Treatment of Debt Assumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
A3.2 Decision Tree for the Statistical Treatment of <Capital Injections=. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
A4.1 Illustrating the Treatment of Licenses and Permits to Use a Natural Resource. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
A7.1 Diagram of the Sequence of SNA Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
A8.1 |e Classiocation Coding System for GFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

Boxes
2.1 Government Control of Nonproot Institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2 Government Control of Corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.1 Policy Lending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
6.1 |e Calculation of Consumption of Fixed Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
6.2 Implicit Subsidies of Central Banks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
6.3 Transactions with Public Corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
A4.1 Criteria to Determine Whether a License Represents and Asset Sale or Rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
A4.2 Statistical Treatment of Permits Issued by Government: Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
A4.3 Practical Example of Leases as Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
A4.4 Determining the Economic Ownership of PPP-Related Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
A4.5 Practical Applications of the Economic Ownership Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
A5.1 Regional Arrangements in the Harmonizing of GFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
A6.1 Summary Comparison of GFS and IPSASs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
A7.1 In-Kind Transactions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Foreword

|e international onancial crisis in recent years, and the associated large oscal deocits and rising debt levels in many
countries, underscored the importance of reliable and timely statistics on the general government and public sectors.
|ese events have shown the importance of internationally comparable data that allow detecting sources of vulner-
ability early and taking timely corrective measures.
One focus of the IMF’s work is on increasing the availability of key economic indicators. |e IMF undertakes a range
of activities for this purpose, including the IMF Statistics Department’s work to prepare manuals describing method-
ologies that should be used to compile economic and onancial statistics. In this regard, I am pleased to introduce the
third edition of the Government Finance Statistics Manual. |is manual takes its place alongside the other manuals pre-
pared by the Statistics Department, including the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual,
the Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual, Public Sector Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users, and the
Quarterly National Accounts Manual. Like the other manuals, this manual is harmonized with the System of National
Accounts 2008.
|is manual represents a major step forward in clarifying the standards for compiling and presenting oscal statistics
and strengthens the worldwide efort to improve public sector reporting and transparency. Government onance sta-
tistics are a basis for oscal analysis, and they play a vital role in developing and monitoring sound oscal programs and
in conducting surveillance of economic policies. |e Executive Board of the IMF approved the use of the government
onance statistics framework as the standard for presenting the Fund’s oscal data. I therefore urge member countries to
adopt the guidelines of the manual as the basis for compiling and disseminating government onance statistics, and for
reporting this information to the Fund.
|is manual has been prepared by the Statistics Department in close consultation with the Government Finance Sta-
tistics Advisory Committee, established to provide expert opinions from a broad range of countries and international
organizations. |e changes to the manual and revised text were posted on the website of the IMF for worldwide com-
ments from compilers and users. |e process underlying the revision of the manual demonstrates the spirit of inter-
national collaboration and cooperation. I would like to thank all of the experts involved for their invaluable assistance
and for their collaborative and cooperative spirit.
Christine Lagarde
Managing Director
International Monetary Fund
This page intentionally left blank
Preface

|e Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014 (GFSM 2014) is part of a series of international guidelines on statisti-
cal methodologies that have been issued by the International Monetary Fund. |e Manual updates the Government
Finance Statistics Manual 2001, and is the third edition of guidelines that describe a specialized macroeconomic statis-
tical framework, the government onance statistics (GFS) framework, designed to support oscal analysis. |e Manual
was produced by the IMF’s Statistics Department in fulollment of its mission to provide strong leadership for the
development and application of sound statistical practices, and is published in service of the worldwide trend toward
greater accountability and oscal transparency.
|e Manual is designed for use by compilers of GFS, oscal analysts, and other users of oscal data. It may also be
informative to compilers and users of other macroeconomic statistics in understanding the relations between the vari-
ous sets of macroeconomic statistics, in particular, to compilers of the national accounts who may depend on GFS as
an input to their work. |e guidelines also explain the relationship of GFS with internationally accepted accounting
standards and may therefore be useful for those involved in reforming government accounting systems. |e Manual
is focused, however, on conceptual descriptions of deonitions, classiocations, and conceptual guidelines for compiling
and disseminating GFS, and, as such, it does not describe the methods to be used to compile the statistics.
|e GFSM 2014 is supplemented by practical guidance on the compilation of the statistics provided in Government
Finance Statistics: Compilation Guide for Developing Countries 2011 and Quarterly Government Finance Statistics: Guide
for Compilers and Users, as well as through technical assistance and training work with individual countries. However,
the text of these practical guidelines is not intended to take precedence over the methodological guidance provided
in the Manual. In addition to this English language version, the Manual will be published in Arabic, Chinese, French,
Russian, and Spanish.
Fiscal analysis continues to evolve in response to the growing complexity of formulating and evaluating oscal policies.
In particular, globalization increases demands for internationally comparable data, while concerns about the sustain-
ability of oscal policies increase demands for information on the balance sheets of government and the broader public
sector. Moreover, because of the demand for cross-sectoral consistency in macroeconomic data, the concepts and prin-
ciples set out in the Manual are harmonized with those of the System of National Accounts 2008 (2008 SNA) and the
sixth edition of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6). For consistent guidance
on debt-related issues, the GFSM 2014 is also supplemented with the Public Sector Debt Statistics: A Guide for Compilers
and Users (PSDS Guide) and the External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users 2013 (2013 EDS Guide).
|e GFSM 2014 recommends disseminating fully integrated nows and stock positions, recorded on an accrual basis,
while maintaining cash-now data to allow an assessment of the liquidity constraints of government. It is recognized
that the implementation of the fully integrated system described in the Manual will take some time and will need to
progress at a pace determined by the difering needs and circumstances of the country involved. In particular, many
countries will need to revise their underlying accounting systems to renect the accrual basis of recording and revised
classiocations.

Acknowledgments

|e preparation of GFSM 2014 was a complex endeavor involving a number of people with diferent skills who were
able to build on each other’s work over an extended period. |e Manual was produced under the direction of two direc-
tors of the Statistics Department: Ms. Adelheid Burgi-Schmelz (2009–2012) and Mr. Louis Marc Ducharme (2013–).
xxii Preface

|e work was supervised by Mr. Robert Heath (Deputy Director), Ms. Claudia Dziobek (Chief, Government Finance
Division), and Mr. Robert Dippelsman (former Deputy Chief, Government Finance Division), all from the Statistics
Department. Ms. Sagé De Clerck (Senior Economist, Government Finance Division, Statistics Department) was the
primary draver and also coordinated and edited contributions to the Manual. Many staf in the Government Finance
Division contributed to the project, in particular, Mmes. Majdeline El-Rayess, Viera Karolova, Phebby Kufa, and Kara
Rideout, and Messrs. Miguel Alves, Alberto Jiménez de Lucio, Gary Jones, Mike Seiferling, Philip Stokoe, Deon Tanzer,
and Tobias (Murto) Wickens. Contributions were also made by former staf members and experts in GFS including
Mmes. Brigitte Batschi, Paola De Rita, Irina Dubinina, and Betty Gruber, and Messrs. Ismael Ahamdanech-Zarco, Jo-
hann Bjorgvinsson, Paul Cotterell, Jean-Pierre Dupuis, Cor Gorter, Carlos Gutierrez, Héctor Hernández, Ciaran Judge,
Leonard Haakman, Brooks Robinson, and Vincent Marie. Mmes. Katy Hurston and Sheridan Parsonson supported the
preparation of discussion papers and prepared dravs for publication. Current and former staf from other divisions of
the Statistics Department also contributed to the project, including the Balance of Payments Division (Ms. Rita Mesias
and Mr. Marcelo Dinenzon); Financial Institutions Division (Messrs. Jose Cartas, |omas Elkjaer, and Richard Wal-
ton); and Real Sector Division (Messrs. Manik Shrestha and Daniel Smith).
Current and former staf from other departments of the IMF also contributed to the Manual. In particular, col-
laboration between the IMF’s Statistics and Fiscal Afairs Departments is acknowledged. Contributors from the Fiscal
Afairs Department included Mmes. Adrienne Cheasty, Chita Marzan, Delphine Moretti, Isabel Rial, and Christine
Richmond, and Messrs. Sanjeev Gupta, Richard Hughes, Tim Irwin, Kris Kaufman, Abdul Khan, Geremia Palomba,
and Shamsuddin Tareq. Contributors from the Finance Department included Mmes. Sheila Basset, Elena Budras, Mary
Hoare, and Jane Mburu, and Messrs. Preet Bhullar, Claudio De Luca, Carlos Janada, and Barry Yuen. A contribution
was also received from the Research Department (Mr. Manmohan Singh).

Government Finance Statistics Advisory Committee

|e GFSM 2014 greatly beneoted from meetings of the Government Finance Statistics Advisory Committee that were
convened in February 2011 and May 2012. |e GFSM 2014 beneoted from the discussions, written contributions, and
comments of members of the committee and the organizations they represented.

Country Members

Australia Michael Davies, Australian Bureau of Statistics

Brazil Felipe Bardella, Ministry of Finance
Fabiana Magalhães Almeida Rodopoulos, Ministry of Finance
Canada Kara Rideout, Statistics Canada
Chile Héctor Hernández, Ministry of Finance
Côte d’Ivoire Nicolas Kacou, Ministry of Finance
Denmark Søren Brodersen, Statistics Denmark
Georgia Pridon Aslanikashvili, Ministry of Finance
Ghana Nelly Mireku, Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning
Japan Hidehiko Futamura, Cabinet Ooce
Kosuke Suzuki, Cabinet Ooce
Philippines Teresa Habitan, Department of Finance
Qatar Rifaat Basanti, Ministry of Economy and Finance
South Africa Michael Adams, South African Reserve Bank
Switzerland André Schwaller
United Kingdom Philip Stokoe, Ooce for National Statistics
United States Pamela Kelly, Bureau of Economic Analysis
 Preface xxiii

Representatives of International Organizations

Commonwealth Secretariat of the UK Arindam Roy

European Central Bank Julia Catz
Reimund Mink
Gabriel Quiros
Hans Olsson
Eurostat Luca Ascoli
Denis Besnard
Francois Lequiller
Alexandre Makaronidis
Lena Frej Ohlsson
John Verrinder

International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board Andreas Bergmann

Ian Carruthers
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Nadim Ahmad
Maurice Nettley
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Balliram Baball
United Nations Statistical Division Benson Sim
West African Economic and Monetary Union Mohamed Dhehby
World Bank Shaida Badiee
Neil Fantom
Ibrahim Levent
Evis Rucaj

An earlier drav of the GFSM 2014 was circulated for worldwide comments and the onal text beneoted from the com-
ments received from experts in member countries and other international organizations. |e IMF Statistics Department
gratefully acknowledges the important contribution by comments received in the process of onalizing the GFSM 2014.

Louis Marc Ducharme

Director
Statistics Department
International Monetary Fund
This page intentionally left blank
 1 Introduction

|is chapter describes the purpose and evolution of this |e primary purpose of the GFSM 2014 is to provide a
Manual, the uses of government onance statistics, the comprehensive conceptual and reporting framework
structure of the government onance statistics frame- suitable for analyzing and evaluating oscal policy, es-
work, major methodological changes from the previ- pecially the performance of the general government
ous editions of this Manual, the implementation of the sector and the broader public sector of any economy.
methodology, and the structure of this Manual. |ese concepts of sectors are described in Chapter 2.
In short, the general government sector consists of
Purpose of the Manual resident institutional units that fuloll the functions
1.1 |e Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014 of government as their primary activity. |is sector
(GFSM 2014)—the third edition of this Manual1— includes all government units and all nonmarket,
describes a specialized macroeconomic statistical nonproot institutional units (NPIs) that are con-
framework, the government onance statistics (GFS) trolled by government units. |e function of govern-
framework, designed to support oscal analysis. |e ment units, broadly described, is to implement public
Manual (i) provides the economic and statistical re- policy through the provision of primarily nonmarket
porting principles to be used in compiling the sta- goods and services and the redistribution of income
tistics; (ii) describes guidelines for presenting oscal and wealth, with both activities supported mainly by
statistics within an analytic framework that includes compulsory levies on other sectors. |e public sector
appropriate balancing items;2 and (iii) is harmonized consists of all resident institutional units controlled
with other macroeconomic statistical guidelines. |e directly, or indirectly, by resident government units—
Manual does not treat systematically the practical as- that is, all units of the general government sector and
pects of compiling the statistics.3 resident public corporations.
1.3 Fiscal statistics have traditionally been used to
1.2 Fiscal policy is the use of the level and compo-
analyze the size of government; its contribution to ag-
sition of the general government and public sectors’
gregate demand, investment, and saving; the impact
spending and revenue—and the related accumulation
of oscal policy on the economy, including resource
of government assets and liabilities—to achieve such
use, monetary conditions, and national indebtedness;
goals as the stabilization of the economy, the reallo-
the tax burden; tarif protection; and the social safety
cation of resources, and the redistribution of income.
net. In addition, analysts have become increasingly
1
|e orst edition was published in 1986 with the title A Manual
interested in oscal rules, structural deocits, assess-
on Government Finance Statistics. It is referred to as the GFSM ing the efectiveness of spending on poverty allevia-
1986. |e second edition was published in 2001 with the title tion, the sustainability of oscal policies, net debt, net
Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001. It is referred to as the
GFSM 2001. wealth, and contingent claims against government,
2
Balancing items summarize the net value of the activities including the obligations for social security pensions.
covered by a set of reporting entries, such as the net value of total See the annex to Chapter 4 for the description of the
revenue minus total expense. Chapter 4 provides details on the
GFS analytic framework and its balancing items. use of GFS in oscal analysis.
3
Guidance on compilation practices can be found in Government 1.4 |e GFSM 2014 supports the compilation of in-
Finance Statistics: Compilation Guide for Developing Countries,
2011, Quarterly Government Finance Statistics: Guide for Compil- ternationally comparable statistics for the general gov-
ers and Users, and other related material. ernment sector, the public sector, and their subsectors.
2 Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014

Public corporations, nononancial as well as onancial, for oscal analysis that were established by the GFSM
can carry out government oscal policies in a variety of 1986. |e revised guidelines were harmonized with
ways, and analysis of their oscal activities frequently the corresponding standards of other internation-
requires statistics on all of their activities rather than ally recognized macroeconomic statistical guide-
statistics on specioc transactions. Even when statistics lines to the extent possible, consistent with the goal
are compiled for only the general government sector, of supporting oscal analysis. Also, the revised guide-
some information on public corporations is required. lines incorporated, for the orst time, an integrated
To renect transactions with public corporations, the balance sheet approach to compiling and presenting
change in the level of equity ownership held by units GFS.
of the general government sector and the exposure
to risks associated with guarantees provided to these The Update of the GFSM 2001
corporations should be recorded. 1.8 |e GFSM 2014 updates the internationally
recognized guidelines for compiling statistics re-
1.5 |e basic concepts, classiocations, and deoni-
quired for oscal analysis that were established by the
tions employed in this Manual renect economic prin-
GFSM 2001. |e revised guidelines are harmonized
ciples that should be universally valid regardless of the
with the updates in other macroeconomic statistical
circumstances in which they are applied. |erefore,
manuals and guides. |e other statistical manuals
the GFS framework is applicable to all types of econo-
are the overarching System of National Accounts 2008
mies regardless of the institutional or legal structure
(2008 SNA)4 and two specialized manuals: the sixth
of a country’s government, the sophistication of its
edition of the Balance of Payments and International
statistical development, the onancial accounting sys-
Investment Position Manual (BPM6)5 and the Mon-
tem of government, or the extent of public ownership
etary and Financial Statistics Manual (MFSM).6 |e
of for-proot entities. Nevertheless, the fact that the in-
updates to these manuals draw on the text of the 2008
stitutional and economic structures of countries difer
SNA to avoid an inference that a diferent meaning is
greatly means that the various parts of this Manual
intended.7 For debt-related issues, the GFSM 2014 is
will not be equally relevant.
supplemented with the Public Sector Debt Statistics:
A Guide for Compilers and Users (PSDS Guide) and
The Evolution of International the External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and
Statistical Guidelines on GFS Users, 2013 (2013 EDS Guide).
History 1.9 |e revised manuals and guides address impor-
1.6 |e evolution of international statistical tant international economic developments in recent
guidelines for compiling GFS started in the early years and take into account improved recording and
1970s, with a drav of A Manual on Government Fi- methodological treatments of various types of events.
nance Statistics. |is drav was circulated in English, Furthermore, the development of International Public
Spanish, and French to governments, central banks, Sector Accounting Standards and continued eforts to
central statistical ooces, and international orga- harmonize statistical reporting and onancial report-
nizations for comments, and was also discussed at ing have led to additional changes incorporated in the
several regional seminars. Based on comments re-
ceived and the application of the earlier drav in 4
Commission of the European Communities, International
compiling data for the IMF’s Government Finance Monetary Fund, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Statistics Yearbook, A Manual on Government Fi- Development, United Nations, World Bank, System of National
Accounts 2008 (Brussels/Luxembourg, New York, Paris, Washing-
nance Statistics, 1986 (GFSM 1986) was published.
ton, 2009).
|e GFSM 1986 provided guidance to compile GFS 5
International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments and Interna-
but was not directly aligned with other macroeco- tional Investment Manual, 6th ed. (Washington, 2009).
6
Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual (Washington, 2000)—
nomic statistics. revision of the MFSM, 2000 edition, to also align with the 2008
1.7 |e Government Finance Statistics Manual SNA, is pending at the time of publication of GFSM 2014.
7
|is manual also draws on United Nations, Classiocations of
2001 (GFSM 2001) updated the internationally rec- Expenditure According to Purpose (New York, 2000) for the Clas-
ognized guidelines for compiling statistics required siocation of Functions of Government introduced in Chapter 6.
 Introduction 3

GFSM 2014. |e changes incorporated in GFSM 2014 positions, such as comparisons of ratios of taxes, ex-
can broadly be summarized as8 pense, or debt to gross domestic product.
• Methodological changes in the 2008 SNA
Structure and Features of the GFS
• Clariocations of existing methodological guide-
lines
Framework
1.14 |e GFS framework pertains to the gen-
• Presentational changes
eral government and public sectors as deoned in the
• Editorial changes. 2008 SNA and Chapter 2 of this Manual. |ese sec-
tors are deoned in terms of institutional units, which
Uses of the GFS Framework are economic entities that are capable, in their own
1.10 |e GFS framework is designed to provide right, of owning assets, incurring liabilities, and en-
statistics that enable policymakers and analysts to gaging in economic activities and transactions with
study developments in the onancial operations and other entities.
onancial position of government. GFS also allow an 1.15 Stock positions and economic nows are in-
assessment of the liquidity and sustainability of the o- tegrated in the GFS framework and are presented in
nances of the general government sector or the public several statements, as described in Chapter 4. Two
sector in a consistent and systematic manner. |e GFS types of economic nows are recorded in the GFS
framework can be used to analyze the operations of framework: transactions and other economic nows.9
a specioc level of government, transactions between For the most part, transactions are interactions be-
levels of government, and the public sector. tween two institutional units that take place by mutual
1.11 |e GFS framework produces summary in- agreement. |e Statement of Operations and the State-
formation on the overall performance and onancial ment of Sources and Uses of Cash record the results
position of the general government or public sector of all transactions during a reporting period. |ey
through the use of balancing items, such as the net are classioed as revenue, expense, net investment in
operating balance, net lending/net borrowing, and nononancial assets, net acquisition of onancial as-
the change in net worth. |ese balancing items are sets, or net incurrence of liabilities. Transactions that
deoned and measured within the integrated and com- generate revenue or expense result in a change in net
prehensive GFS reporting framework. worth. All other types of transactions result in equal
changes to assets and/or liabilities and do not result in
1.12 In contrast to summary measures, the detailed
a change to net worth.
data of the GFS framework can be used to examine
specioc areas of government operations. For example, 1.16 Other economic nows include price changes
one might want information about particular forms and a variety of other economic events that afect the
of taxation, the level of expense incurred on a type of holdings of assets and liabilities, such as debt write-
social service, or the amount of government borrow- ofs and catastrophic losses. |e Statement of Other
ing from deposit-taking corporations. Economic Flows summarizes these changes in assets,
liabilities, and net worth.
1.13 |e harmonization of the GFS framework
with other macroeconomic datasets means that data 1.17 |e Balance Sheet for the general government
from GFS can be utilized as source data, or can be or public sector is a statement of the stock positions
combined with data from other datasets to assess of nononancial and onancial assets owned, the stock
general government or public sector developments positions of claims of other units on the general gov-
in relation to the rest of the economy. Similarly, the ernment or public sector in the form of liabilities, and
establishment of internationally recognized statis- the sector’s net worth, equal to the total value of all
tical guidelines permits GFS to be used in cross- assets minus the total value of all liabilities.
country analyses of government operations and stock
9
Economic nows renect the creation, transformation, exchange,
transfer, or extinction of economic value. Transactions and other
economic nows are deoned and described in more detail in
8
|e major changes are described in more detail in Appendix 1. Chapter 3.
4 Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014

1.18 In addition to the core statements in the GFS impact of economic events on government onances—
framework, two supplementary statements are in- taxing, spending, borrowing, and lending—while
cluded due to their analytic usefulness. To provide the 2008 SNA also focuses on the production and
a clear statistical explanation of the factors causing consumption of goods and services. As a result, the
changes in net worth, the Statement of Total Changes treatment of government production activities in GFS
in Net Worth combines the results of the Statement difers from the treatment of those activities in the
of Operations and the Statement of Other Economic 2008 SNA. Signiocant diferences relate to the treat-
Flows in one statement. ment of own-account capital formation, and the de-
1.19 Contingencies, such as loan guarantees and gree of consolidation. In addition, the recording of
implicit guarantees to provide social beneots when pension schemes for government employees may be
various needs arise, can have important economic diferent from the 2008 SNA in some circumstances
innuences on the general economy but do not result (see Appendix 7 for more details on the relationship
in transactions or other economic nows recorded in between GFS and other macroeconomic statistics).
the GFS framework until the event or condition re- 1.23 In many cases, compiling GFS will be the
ferred to actually occurs. A second supplementary orst step in compiling statistics for the general gov-
statement, the Summary Statement of Explicit Contin- ernment sector of the national accounts. For this rea-
gent Liabilities and Net Implicit Obligations for Future son, some data that normally would not appear in a
Social Security Beneots, summarizes the explicit and standard GFS presentation should be maintained in
some implicit contingent liabilities. underlying source data because they are needed for
1.20 |e comprehensive treatment of transactions the national accounts. For example, the detailed clas-
and other economic nows in the GFS framework pro- siocation of subsidies in GFS is based on the nature
vides a full explanation of the changes between the of the recipient of the subsidy, while classiocation in
opening and closing balance sheet stock positions. the 2008 SNA is based on whether the subsidy is on a
|at is, the stock position of a given type of asset or product or production.
liability at the beginning of a reporting period plus the 1.24 Deonitions of concepts in the GFS framework
changes in that asset or liability indicated by transac- are the same as in the 2008 SNA, but the coverage of
tions and other economic nows equals the stock po- a particular category of transactions may be slightly
sition at the end of the period. Such an integrated diferent. For example, compensation of employees
statistical framework permits the efects of policies recorded as an expense in GFS does not include the
and specioc economic events to be described and ana- compensation of employees engaged in own-account
lyzed fully. capital formation, but can be reconciled with com-
1.21 Various classiocations are applied to the eco- pensation of employees in the 2008 SNA that includes
nomic nows and stock positions recorded in the GFS the compensation of all employees. |e deonition and
framework. For example, each revenue transaction is composition of compensation of employees, however,
classioed according to whether it is a tax or another are identical in both frameworks. To note where the
type of revenue; expense transactions are classioed by coverage or some other aspect of a concept difers
purpose (functional classiocation) and by economic from the same concept in the 2008 SNA, the indicator
type (economic classiocation); assets are classioed <[GFS]= is added aver the GFS title and an explana-
according to whether they are onancial or nononan- tion of the diference is provided.
cial; and onancial assets and liabilities are classioed
by type of instrument, maturity, and the sector of the Methodological Differences with the
unit that issued the asset or that holds the liability. GFSM 1986
1.22 Despite harmonization of the GFS framework 1.25 |e methodology for compiling GFS de-
with the 2008 SNA, there are diferences between the scribed in this Manual difers substantially from the
two statistical frameworks because of the diferent methodology of the GFSM 1986. |e following para-
analytic purposes they serve. |e most important dif- graphs summarize the major diferences. Details are
ference is that the focus of the GFS framework is the provided in Appendix 1.
 Introduction 5

Coverage Balance Sheets

1.26 |e coverage of the GFS framework is the 1.30 Complete balance sheets, which include all
general government sector as deoned in the 2008 stock positions of nononancial and onancial assets,
SNA, which is deoned on the basis of institutional liabilities, and net worth, are included in the GFS
units. To capture the oscal transactions and activities framework. |e GFSM 1986 reports only on the stock
taking place outside the general government sector, positions of certain debt liabilities.
the GFS framework should also be used to compile
Integration of Flows and Stock Positions
statistics for the public sector and its subsectors. |e
coverage of the GFSM 1986 is deoned on a functional 1.31 |e comprehensive recording of transactions
basis under which general government data include and other economic nows permits a full integration of
all the relevant transactions of any unit carrying out economic nows and stock positions and the reconcili-
a function of government. |erefore, some transac- ation of diferences between the opening and closing
tions of units of the broader public sector carrying out balance sheets. In the GFSM 1986, such a reconcilia-
functions of government are included in general gov- tion of the stock positions of the debt liabilities is not
ernment data, unlike GFSM 2014. In addition, some possible without collecting additional information.
transactions are excluded from general government The Analytic Framework
data in GFSM 1986 as they relate to production or
1.32 In the GFS framework, several balancing
market trading activities.
items are introduced. |e multiple balancing items
facilitate analysis of the general government sector or
Basis of Recording Economic Events
the public sector based on a variety of considerations
1.27 |e GFS framework records economic nows rather than a single measure. In the GFSM 1986, the
on an accrual basis, which means that nows are re- emphasis of the analytic framework is focused on a
corded at the time economic value is created, trans- single balancing item, the overall deocit/surplus.
formed, exchanged, transferred, or extinguished.
However, the framework also encompasses the tra- 1.33 |e GFS framework’s use of deonitions of
ditional cash-based reporting. In the GFSM 1986, revenue and expense as transactions that bring about
transactions are recorded only when cash is received changes in net worth leads to a diferent treatment of
or paid. transactions in nononancial assets. |e GFSM 1986
treats cash transactions in nononancial assets as
1.28 Using the accrual basis of recording also capital revenue and expenditure, which afected the
means that nonmonetary transactions are fully inte- overall deocit/surplus. In the GFS framework, the dif-
grated in the GFS framework. In the GFSM 1986, only ference between revenue and expense is a balancing
selected nonmonetary transactions are recorded as item, the net operating balance, measuring the change
memorandum items. in net worth resulting from transactions—it is a sus-
tainability measure before considering the net invest-
Valuation ment in nononancial assets.
1.29 Economic nows as well as assets, liabilities, 1.34 In the GFS framework, all transactions involv-
and net worth are valued at current market prices ing the acquisition or disposal of onancial assets are
in the GFS framework. While current market prices treated as onancing transactions, and net lending (+) /
are readily available for assets and liabilities that are net borrowing (−) is a balancing item calculated as the
traded in active markets, valuation according to mar- net operating balance minus the net investment in non-
ket-value equivalents is used for valuing assets and li- onancial assets. Net lending/net borrowing is also equal
abilities that are not traded in markets, or are traded to the net acquisition of all onancial assets minus the
only infrequently. In the GFSM 1986, debt securities net incurrence of all liabilities from transactions. In the
are valued at the amount the government is obligated GFSM 1986, the net acquisition of onancial assets for
to pay when the debt matures (face value), which may policy purposes is designated as lending minus repay-
difer from both the nominal value and the current ments and treated like expenditure in deriving the over-
market value. all deocit/surplus. In the GFSM 2014 framework, the
6 Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014

supplementary oscal indicators include the calculation framework. For example, a possible orst step on the
of an overall oscal balance that treats the net acquisition migration path could be that countries would adopt the
of selected onancial assets similarly to the net acquisi- classiocation structure of the Statement of Operations
tion of onancial assets for policy purposes in the GFSM or the Statement of Sources and Uses of Cash and adjust
1986 (see the annex to Chapter 4). their cash-based statistics to address known deocien-
cies, such as by incorporating information on revenue
Harmonization with Other Methodologies or expense arrears. Another step could be the assembly
1.35 Recognizing the important linkages between of balance sheet information on onancial assets and li-
GFS and other macroeconomic datasets, this Manual abilities that would allow estimates to be made of the
is more closely harmonized with the 2008 SNA and other economic nows as they relate to these onancial
BPM6 than was the case for the GFSM 1986. Where instruments. A more diocult step is likely to be the
diferences exist due to the diferent analytic purposes collection of a complete set of information about the
of various datasets, guidance is provided on the rec- stock positions of nononancial assets held at a given
onciliation between datasets to ensure consistency time and their valuation at current market prices. Fi-
(see Appendix 7). Also, recognizing the close rela- nally, a fully developed accrual accounting system
tionship that exists between GFS and accruals-based could be introduced that provides for complete and
public sector accounting standards, the systematic fully integrated balance sheets to be prepared.
documentation of similarities and diferences be-
1.39 Good dissemination practices are essential in
tween statistical guidelines and accounting stan-
addition to good data compilation. As well as provision
dards has informed changes in both. |erefore, the
of metadata, aspects of good dissemination practices
GFSM 2014 is also more closely harmonized with ac-
include a predictable release schedule, readily acces-
counting standards than was the case with the GFSM
sible published data, and identiocation of internal gov-
1986 (see Appendix 6).
ernment access to statistics before public release. In
recent years, international guidelines have been devel-
Implementation of the GFS Framework oped on good data dissemination practices—namely,
1.36 Some countries may be able, at least initially, the IMF’s General Data Dissemination System, Special
to compile only a part of the integrated GFS frame- Data Dissemination Standard, and Special Data Dis-
work. It is not feasible to lay down general priorities semination Standard Plus.11
for data collection when economic circumstances may
vary widely from one country to another. In practice, Structure of the Manual
priorities usually are best established by national au-
1.40 |e remainder of this Manual can be divided
thorities that are familiar with the situation, needs,
into two general topics. Chapters 2 through 4 develop
and challenges of their countries.
the concepts used in the framework, and Chapters 5
1.37 It is recognized that the implementation of through 10 describe the classiocations used and the
the fully integrated GFS framework presented in this types of economic nows or stock positions included
Manual will take some time. In particular, many coun- in each classiocation category.
tries will need to revise their underlying accounting
1.41 Chapter 2 describes the coverage of the general
systems to accommodate the accrual basis of report-
government and public sectors, and their subsectors.
ing and fully renect the revised classiocations of the
Chapter 3 orst explains the concepts of transactions,
GFS framework.10
other economic nows, and stock positions of as-
1.38 Nonetheless, it is likely that many countries sets and liabilities. It then describes the accounting
will follow a similar path as they implement the GFS rules governing their recording, including timing,
10
valuation, and consolidation. Chapter 4 presents the
Although the GFS framework uses some accounting terms, it is
important to remember that it is a statistical reporting framework analytic framework, which is the integrated presenta-
that might difer in important ways from the underlying onancial tion of transactions, other economic nows, and stock
accounting system from which most of GFS will be derived (see
11
Appendix 6). http://dsbb.imf.org.
 Introduction 7

positions in a manner that permits the calculation of 1.44 |is Manual includes nine appendixes. Ap-
aggregates and balancing items as summary measures pendix 1 lists the methodological changes from the
of the activities of the general government and public GFSM 2001 to this Manual, and the diferences of the
sectors. GFSM 2014 framework from the GFSM 1986. Appen-
dix 2 describes the various organizational structures
1.42 Chapters 5 through 10 describe the classio-
used to provide social protection and the associated sta-
cations of transactions, other economic nows, and
tistics compiled for the general government and public
stock positions of assets and liabilities. Chapter 5 is
sectors. Appendix 3 provides guidance on selected pub-
devoted to revenue transactions, which increase net
lic sector debt issues. Appendix 4 covers a description
worth. Chapter 6 is devoted to expense transactions,
of cross-cutting issues such as the recording of leases,
which decrease net worth. Chapter 7 describes the
licenses, permits and other contracts, public-private
balance sheet and the classiocation of stock positions
partnerships, and insurance and standardized guaran-
of assets and liabilities. Chapter 8 provides a classi-
tee schemes. Appendix 5 elaborates on the implications
ocation of transactions in nononancial assets, while
of regional arrangements for GFS compilation. In Ap-
Chapter 9 provides a classiocation of transactions in
pendix 6, a description of the relationship between GFS
onancial assets and liabilities. Chapter 10 covers other
and International Public Sector Accounting Standards is
economic nows.
provided, while Appendix 7 describes the relationship
1.43 An annex to Chapter 4 describes the use of between GFS and other macroeconomic statistics. Ap-
GFS to build well-deoned indicators for oscal analy- pendix 8 provides the classiocation codes used in the
sis, while an annex to Chapter 6 describes the Classio- GFS framework. Appendix 9 contains a glossary of
cation of the Functions of Government (COFOG). terms used in the GFS framework.