Dan harshe

Dan harshe
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Nijar-Congo; Harsunan Mande; Dan harshe; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	dnj
Glottolog	dann1241

Mai magana da yawun Dan, wanda aka rubuta a Laberiya.

Dan /ˈdæn/ ^[2] yaren Mande ne na Kudancin da ake magana da shi da farko a Ivory Coast (~ 800,000 masu magana) da Laberiya (150,000-200,000 masu magana). Har ila yau, akwai yawan mutane kusan 800 a Guinea. Dan yare ne na sauti, tare da 9 zuwa 11 da kuma yin rajistar sautuna, dangane da yaren.

Sauran sunayen yaren sun hada da Yacouba ko Yakubasa, Gio, Gyo, Gio-Dan, da Da. Harsuna sune Gio (Liberian Dan), Gweetaawu (Eastern Dan), Blowo (Western Dan), da Kla. Kla a bayyane yake yare ne na musamman.

Fasahar sauti

Sautin sautin

	A gaba	Tsakiya		Komawa
	A gaba	<small id="mwMA">Rashin jituwa.</small>	<small id="mwMw">Ruwa.</small>	<small id="mwNg">Rashin jituwa.</small>	<small id="mwOQ">Ruwa.</small>
Kusa	i			ɯ	u
Kusa da kusa	ɪ			An tsara shi	ʊ
Tsakanin Tsakiya	da kuma		ɵ	Bayani	o
Tsakanin		ə
Bude-tsakiya	ɛ			Zuwa	Owu
Bude	æ ne			Ƙarshen	ɒ
Kalmomin da ake kira		JI da kuma

1Kawai a cikin Dan na Laberiya.

2Kawai a Gabashin Dan lokacin da yake cikin matsayi na karin sautin.

Sautin hanci a Gabashin Dan
	A gaba	Komawa
	A gaba	<small id="mwkA">Rashin jituwa.</small>	<small id="mwkw">Ruwa.</small>
Kusa	Ya kasance	ɯ̃	A cikin su
Bude-tsakiya	ɛ̃	ʌ̃	O.A.
Bude	æ̃	Bayyanawa	ɒ̃

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi


		Labari	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar		Labar da ke cikin baki<br id="mwvw">	Gishiri
		Labari	Alveolar	Palatal	fili	L<small id="mwxw">ab.</small>	Labar da ke cikin baki<br id="mwvw">	Gishiri
Hanci		m	n	ɲ	ŋ	ŋw	ŋ͡m
Plosive	ba tare da murya ba	p	t		k	kw	k͡p
Plosive	<small id="mw7Q">murya</small>	b	d		ɡ	ɡw	ɡ͡b
Ba a yarda da shi ba		ɓ	ɗ
Fricative	ba tare da murya ba	f	s		x			h
Fricative	<small id="mwARo">murya</small>	v	z
Kusanci				j		w
Hanyar gefen			l
Trill			(r)

2Ba a cikin Dan na Laberiya ba.

/l/ ana jin sautin a matsayin [r] lokacin da alveolar ko palatal suka riga su.
jin haɗin ƙwayoyin /sl, zl/ a matsayin sautunan fricative na gefe [ɬ, ♡] .^[3]

Tsarin rubuce-rubuce

Rubutun Laberiya ya haɗa da wannan haruffa:

Dan haruffa (Liberia)
A	B	Ɓara	D	Ɗa	E	Ɛ	F	G	GB	H	Na	K	KP	KW	L	M	N	NW	NY	Ŋ	O	O	Ə	Sanya	P	R	S	T	U	Sanya	V	W	X	Y	Z
a	b	ɓ	d	ɗ	da kuma	ɛ	f	g	gb	h	i	k	kp	kw	l	m	n	nw	ny	ŋ	o	Owu	ə	ɵ	p	r	s	t	u	Ƙarshen	v	w	x	da kuma	z
Darajar IPA
a	b	ɓ	d	ɗ	da kuma	ɛ	f	ɡ	ɡ͡b	h	i	k	k͡p	kw	l	m	n	ŋw	ɲ	ŋ	o	Owu	ə	ɵ	p	r	s	t	u	ɯ	v	w	x	j	z

Harshen Dan West (Côte d'Ivoire)
A	AƆ	B	BH	D	DH	E	Ɛ	Ni	ƐA	F	G	GB	GW	Na	K	KP	KW	L	M	N	NG	O	O	Ö	P	R	S	T	U	Ü	V	W	Y	Z
a	aɔ	b	bh	d	dh	da kuma	ɛ	Ya kasance a cikin	ɛa	f	g	gb	gw	i	k	kp	kw	l	m	n	ng	o	Owu	ö	p	r	s	t	u	ü	v	w	da kuma	z
Darajar IPA
a	ɒ	b	ɓ	d	ɗ	da kuma	ɛ	Zuwa	æ ne	f	ɡ	ɡ͡b	gw	i	k	k͡p	kw	l	m	n	ŋ	o	Owu	Bayani	p	r	s	t	u	ɯ	v	w	j	z

Harshen Dan East (Côte d'Ivoire), 1982
A	AƆ	B	BH	D	DH	E	Ni	Ɛ	ƐA	F	G	GB	GW	H	Na	Yaro da aka yi	K	KP	KW	L	M	N	O	Ö	O	P	R	S	T	U	Ü	Uwargidan	Uwargidan	V	W	Y	Z
a	aɔ	b	bh	d	dh	da kuma	Ya kasance a cikin	ɛ	ɛa	f	g	gb	gw	h	i	A bayyane yake	k	kp	kw	l	m	n	o	ö	Owu	p	r	s	t	u	ü	Bayyanawa	Bayyanawa	v	w	da kuma	z
Darajar IPA
a	ɒ	b	ɓ	d	ɗ	da kuma	Zuwa	ɛ	æ ne	f	ɡ	ɡ͡b	gw	h	i	ɪ	k	k͡p	kw	l	m	n	o	Bayani	Owu	p	r	s	t	u	ɯ	ʊ	ʉ	v	w	j	z

Harshen Dan East (Côte d'Ivoire), 2014
A	Ɗaya daga cikin	B	BH	D	DH	E	Sanya	Ɛ	Æ	F	G	GB	GW	H	Na	Yaro da aka yi	K	KP	KW	L	M	N	O	Sanya	O	P	R	S	T	U	Sanya	Uwargidan	V	W	Y	Z
a	ya	b	bh	d	dh	da kuma	Zuwa	ɛ	æ ne	f	g	gb	gw	h	i	A bayyane yake	k	kp	kw	l	m	n	o	Bayani	Owu	p	r	s	t	u	ɯ	Bayyanawa	v	w	da kuma	z
Darajar IPA
a	ɒ	b	ɓ	d	ɗ	da kuma	Zuwa	ɛ	æ ne	f	ɡ	ɡ͡b	ɡw	h	i	ɪ	k	k͡p	kw	l	m	n	o	Bayani	Owu	p	r	s	t	u	ɯ	ʊ	v	w	j	z

Za a sanya Bayani aiki a cikin wani nau'i na gaba na The Unicode Standard .

Ana nuna sautuna kamar haka: karin sautin sama: a̋; sautin sama - á; sautin matsakaici: ā; sautin ƙasa: à; sautin sautin saurin sautin saunin sautin saitin sautin sawun sautin saun sautin saut sautin sauti sautin sauni sautin saiti sautin sautan sautin sautar sautin sauna sautin sa sautin sauka sautin sautum sautin sa

Digraphs Ōn, dh, gb gw, kp, kwā suna riƙe da dabi'u iri ɗaya kamar yadda yake a cikin rubutun 1982, kuma ana nuna wasula na hanci ta hanyar ƙara harafin n bayan harafin wasula Ōn.

Bayanan da aka ambata

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Dan harshe". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student’s Handbook, Edinburgh
↑ Vydrin, Valentin (2020). Dan. In Rainer Vossen and Gerrit J. Dimmendaal (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of African Languages: Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 451–462.

Haɗin waje

Turanci-Dan Online Dictionary
Roberts, David, Ginger Boyd, Johannes Merz, da Valentin Vydrin. 2020. Ƙididdigar rubuce-rubucen rubuce-daban a cikin harsunan sauti: Nazarin kwatankwacin Elip, Mbelime, da Gabashin Dan. Takaddun Harshe & Tsaro 14: 108-138. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/24915.

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Dan harshe". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[2] Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student’s Handbook, Edinburgh

[3] Vydrin, Valentin (2020). Dan. In Rainer Vossen and Gerrit J. Dimmendaal (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of African Languages: Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 451–462.

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