Catalysis

catalysis
molecular function (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	chemical reaction (en) da molecular function (en)
Karatun ta	catalysis and mechanisms of reactions (en)
Mai ganowa ko mai ƙirƙira	Jöns Jacob Berzelius (mul)
Uses (en)	catalyst (en)

Catalysis (/kəˈtæləɪs/) shine hanyoyi na haɓaka ƙimar sinadarai ta hanyar ƙara wani abu da aka sani da mai kara kuzari (/ˈkætəlɪst). Ba a cinye masu kara kuzari a cikin abin da ya faru kuma ba su canzawa bayan sa. Idan abin ya yi sauri kuma mai kara kuzari ya sake yin fa'ida da sauri, ƙananan adadin kuzari yakan isa; hadawa, wuri mai faɗi, da zafin jiki sune mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin ƙimar amsawa. Masu kara kuzari gabaɗaya suna amsawa tare da ɗaya ko fiye masu amsawa don samar da matsakaici waɗanda daga baya suna ba da samfurin amsawa na ƙarshe, a cikin aiwatar da sake haɓaka mai kara kuzari.

Ana iya rarraba catalysis azaman ko dai homogeneous, wanda aka tarwatsa aka gyara a cikin lokaci guda (yawanci gaseous ko ruwa) kamar yadda reactant, ko iri-iri, wanda aka gyara ba a cikin lokaci guda. Enzymes da sauran biocatalysts galibi ana ɗaukarsu azaman rukuni na uku.

Catalysis yana ko'ina a cikin masana'antar sinadarai na kowane nau'i. Ƙididdiga sun nuna cewa kashi 90% na duk samfuran sinadarai da aka samar a kasuwa sun haɗa da abubuwan haɓakawa a wani mataki na aiwatar da su.

Kalmar "catalyst" ta samo asali ne daga Girkanci καταλύειν, kataluein, ma'ana "sake" ko "kwance". Masana kimiyya Elizabeth Fulhame ne suka kirkiro manufar catalysis, bisa ga aikinta na littafin a cikin gwaje-gwajen rage iskar shaka.