睪

Translingual

Han character

睪 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 田中土廿十 (WLGTJ), four-corner 2640₁, composition ⿱罒幸)

Derived characters

凙(𪞝/𪞚), 㘁, 墿(𰉣/㘮), 嶧(峄/𡵸), 懌(怿/𢗜), 擇(择/択), 曎, 檡(𰗛/𣏧), 殬, 澤(泽/沢), 燡(𰞇), 䁺, 礋(𰦰), 䆁, 繹(绎/䋇), 䐾, 蠌(𰲵/蚇), 襗(𫋷), 譯(译/訳), 醳(𰼅), 釋(释/釈), 鐸(铎/鈬), 䭞(𬲳), 驛(驿/駅), 斁(𭣧), 歝, 鸅(𱉟), 䦴, 圛, 䕉
𤢟(𤝢), 𪼢, 𥜃, 𥼶(𬖘), 𦔥, 𦡇, 𨆅(𬦫), 𨼸, 𩍜, 𩏪(𩏽), 𩼓, 𠓋, 𤑹(𪹀), 𩴮, 𣀇, 𤢕, 𦒡, 𩁇, 𫅌, 𠪯, 𢋇, 𤻂, 𢍰(𪪴)

Related characters

睾 (Preferred form used for the pronunciation "gāo" in mainland China and Hong Kong)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 811, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23466
Dae Jaweon: page 1226, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2918, character 6
Unihan data for U+776A

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 睪
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (睪) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
斁	ʔl'aːɡs, l'aːɡs, *laːɡ
籜	*l̥ʰaːɡ
蘀	*l̥ʰaːɡ
鐸	*l'aːɡ
凙	*l'aːɡ
襗	l'aːɡ, rlaːɡ, *laːɡ
擇	*rlaːɡ
澤	*rlaːɡ
鸅	*rlaːɡ
蠌	*rlaːɡ
檡	rlaːɡ, hljaɡ
釋	*hljaɡ
繹	*laːɡ
睪	neb, laːɡ, *kuː
譯	*laːɡ
嶧	*laːɡ
懌	*laːɡ
驛	*laːɡ
醳	*laːɡ
圛	*laːɡ
墿	*laːɡ
燡	*laːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 (“eye”) + 㚔. The latter component is an arrow, hence "eye" + "arrow" convey the concept of "aiming, spying".

According to folk etymology, the component at the bottom is the representation of a pair of handcuffs (which instead appears in 報 and 執).

Etymology 1

trad.		睪
simp.		𠬤
alternative forms		𥇝𥇡𦎝睾

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jik⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): e̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yì
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Yale: yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - Palladius: и (i)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jik⁶
  - Yale: yihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e̍k
  - Tâi-lô: i̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ek
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: yek, nrjep

Rime
Character	睪	睪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	娘 (12)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)	葉 (156)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	羊益切	尼輒切
Baxter	yek	nrjep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇk̚/	/ɳˠiᴇp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛk̚/	/ɳᵚiɛp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iæk̚/	/niæp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiajk̚/	/ɳjiap̚/
Li Rong	/iɛk̚/	/njɛp̚/
Wang Li	/jĭɛk̚/	/nĭɛp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ɛk̚/	/ni̯ɛp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì	niè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jik⁶	nip⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*laːɡ/, /*neb/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	睪	睪
Reading #	2/3	1/3
No.	15137	13887
Phonetic component	睪	幸
Rime group	鐸	盍
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	繹	聶
Old Chinese	/*laːɡ/	/*neb/

Definitions

睪

to spy on
a surname

Etymology 2

trad.		睪/睾^*
simp.		睾^*

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gāo, gǎo (gao¹, gao³)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄠ, ㄍㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gou¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kâu

(Meixian, Guangdong): gau¹
Eastern Min (BUC): gŏ̤
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ko / ko͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): gao¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gao
  - Wade–Giles: kao¹
  - Yale: gāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gau
  - Palladius: гао (gao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǎo
  - Wade–Giles: kao³
  - Yale: gǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gao
  - Palladius: гао (gao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gou¹
  - Yale: gōu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gou¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gou¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâu
  - Hakka Romanization System: gau^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gau¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kau̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gau¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kau⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gŏ̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ko⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko
  - Tâi-lô: ko
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koy
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ko⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘
  - Tâi-lô: koo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kof
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gao¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kau
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹kau
  - MiniDict: kau^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɔ⁵³/

Definitions

睪

testicle

Usage notes

In mainland China and Hong Kong, 睾 is the orthodox form.
In Taiwan, 睪 is the orthodox form while 睾 is considered as one of its variant forms (異體字／异体字 (yìtǐzì)).

Compounds

副睪／副睾
副睪丸／副睾丸
提睪肌／提睾肌 (tígāojī)
睪丸／睾丸
睪固酮／睾固酮
睪酮／睾酮 (gāotóng)
附睪／附睾 (fùgāo)
隱睪／隐睾 (yǐngāo)
隱睪症／隐睾症 (yǐngāozhèng)

Etymology 3

trad.		睪
simp.		𠬤

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gāo (gao¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄠ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gao
  - Wade–Giles: kao¹
  - Yale: gāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gau
  - Palladius: гао (gao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kuː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	睪
Reading #	3/3
No.	3784
Phonetic component	皋
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	髙
Old Chinese	/*kuː/
Notes	皐字注俗體，見靈樞

Definitions

睪

Alternative form of 皋 (gāo, “tall; high”)

Compounds

睪如／𠬤如
睪然／𠬤然

Etymology 4

trad.		睪
simp.		𠬤

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gāo, hào (gao¹, hao⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄠ, ㄏㄠˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gao
  - Wade–Giles: kao¹
  - Yale: gāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gau
  - Palladius: гао (gao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hào
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hào
  - Wade–Giles: hao⁴
  - Yale: hàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haw
  - Palladius: хао (xao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

Definitions

睪

Alternative form of 皞 (hào, “vast and boundless”)

Compounds

睪睪／𠬤𠬤

Etymology 5

trad.		睪
simp.		𠬤

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zé (ze²)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaak⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zé
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zé
  - Wade–Giles: tsê²
  - Yale: dzé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzer
  - Palladius: цзэ (czɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zaak⁶
  - Yale: jaahk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaak⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zag⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːk̚²/

Definitions

睪

Alternative form of 澤／泽 (zé, “Eupatorium”)
See also: 澤蘭

Compounds

睪芷／𠬤芷
睪茝／𠬤茝

Etymology 6

For pronunciation and definitions of 睪 – see 擇 (“to select; to choose; to pick out; to pick up”). (This character is a variant form of 擇).

References

“睪”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02784

Japanese

Kanji

睪

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): えき (eki)、やく (yaku)、じょう (jō)、にょう (nyō)
Kun: うかがいめる (ukagaimeru)

Korean

Hanja

睪 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.