朱

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

朱 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹十木 (HJD), four-corner 2590₀, composition ⿰丿未 or ⿻𠂉木)

Derived characters

侏, 诛, 𠙎, 㧣, 咮, 姝, 洙, 邾, 陎, 𠱒, 𡥛, 𡱖, 𤝹, 𨒲, 𪣎, 𪨴, 𫷨, 㦵, 㸡, 䏭, 株, 殊, 珠, 𢼲, 𣂛, 𣆦, 𤈐, 𤔏, 𫾭, 𬆤, 㼡, 硃, 祩, 秼, 铢, 𣥵, 𤶎, 𥅲, 𫁍, 䇬, 䎷, 絑, 茱, 蛛, 袾, 𦐣, 𦐨, 𦧙, 䣷, 誅, 趎, 跦, 𧵺, 銖, 𣗾, 𣘈, 𨾲, 𪳔, 𬹣, 𣙸, 𩊣, 𩳅, 駯, 𩢻, 鮢, 鴸, 𣜱, 𪎡, 𪴄, 𣞊, 𧑤, 𪏿, 鼄, 𣠶

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 509, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14424
Dae Jaweon: page 893, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1154, character 3
Unihan data for U+6731

Chinese

硃 - cinnabar
trad.		朱/硃
simp.		朱

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 朱
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (朱) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
咮	tu, tus, tos, tjo
株	*to
誅	*to
邾	*to
鼄	*to
跦	*to
袾	to, tʰjo
鴸	to, tjo
蛛	*to
殊	to, djo
趎	*do
珠	*tjo
朱	*tjo
侏	*tjo
絑	*tjo
祩	tjo, tjos
鮢	*tjo
硃	*tjo
姝	*tʰjo
銖	*djo
茱	*djo
洙	*djo
陎	*djo

Ideogram (指事) : a tree (木) with its center highlighted with an extra dot-like stroke, accentuating the tree's core; contrast 本, 末.

Etymology 1

Compare Proto-Vietic *tɔh (“red”) (Schuessler, 2007). 赭 (OC *tjaːʔ, “red paint”) may be related.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhū (zhu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zyu¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): zi¹
Gan (Wiktionary): jy³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chû

(Hailu, HRS): zhu^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): zu¹
Jin (Wiktionary): zu¹
Eastern Min (BUC): cuŏ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zou¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chu

(Teochew, Peng'im): zu¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tsy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhū
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhu
  - Wade–Giles: chu¹
  - Yale: jū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ju
  - Palladius: чжу (čžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zyu¹
  - Yale: jyū
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzy¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ju¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: zi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: jy³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chû
  - Hakka Romanization System: zu^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: zhu^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃu⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡su⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zu¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡su¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cuŏ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suo⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zou¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔu⁵³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chu
  - Tâi-lô: tsu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡su³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡su⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹tsy
  - MiniDict: tsy^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩⁵³/

Middle Chinese: tsyu

Rime
Character	朱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	章俱切
Baxter	tsyu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕio/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuə̆/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕio/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyu¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*to/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjo/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	朱	朱
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhū	zhū
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyu ›	‹ tsyu ›
Old Chinese	/*to/	/*to/
English	dwarf	red
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朱
Reading #	1/1
No.	17569
Phonetic component	朱
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	朱
Old Chinese	/*tjo/
Notes	甲金文木中加劃表樹榦（本戴侗說），株初文

Definitions

朱

cinnabar; vermilion
近朱者赤，近墨者黑 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
jìn zhū zhě chì, jìn mò zhě hēi [Pinyin]
who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl (literally: "Proximity to cinnabar makes one red, to pitch makes one black.")
bright red
- 子曰：「惡紫之奪朱也，惡鄭聲之亂雅樂也，惡利口之覆邦家者。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子曰：「恶紫之夺朱也，恶郑声之乱雅乐也，恶利口之覆邦家者。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zǐ yuē: “Wù zǐ zhī duó zhū yě, wù zhèngshēng zhī luàn yǎyuè yě, wù lìkǒu zhī fù bāngjiā zhě.” [Pinyin]
  The Master said, "I hate the manner in which purple takes away the luster of vermilion. I hate the way in which the songs of Zheng confound the music of the Ya. I hate those who with their sharp mouths overthrow kingdoms and families."
(Hong Kong Cantonese, triad slang) one
a surname
朱熹 ― Zhū Xī ― Zhu Xi (Song dynasty Neo-Confucian scholar)

朱棣文 ― Zhū Dìwén ― Steven Chu (an American physicist and former U.S. Secretary of Energy)

Synonyms

(surname): 未撇朱

Descendants

→ English: Chu, Zhu

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shū, shú, zhū (shu¹, shu², zhu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄨ, ㄕㄨˊ, ㄓㄨ
Cantonese (Jyutping): syu⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shū
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shu
  - Wade–Giles: shu¹
  - Yale: shū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shu
  - Palladius: шу (šu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shú
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shú
  - Wade–Giles: shu²
  - Yale: shú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shwu
  - Palladius: шу (šu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhū
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhu
  - Wade–Giles: chu¹
  - Yale: jū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ju
  - Palladius: чжу (čžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: syu⁴
  - Yale: syùh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sy⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: xu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /syː²¹/

Definitions

朱

Only used in 朱提 (Shūshí).

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): zyu¹

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zyu¹
  - Yale: jyū
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzy¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ju¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syː⁵⁵/

Definitions

朱

(Hong Kong Cantonese) Short for 朱古力.
熱朱／热朱 [Cantonese] ― jit⁶ zyu¹ [Jyutping] ― hot chocolate

Japanese

Kanji

朱

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: す (su)
Kan-on: しゅ (shu, Jōyō)^{←しゆ (syu, historical)}
Kun: あか (aka, 朱)、あき (aki, 朱)、あけ (ake, 朱)
Nanori: あかね (akane)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
朱
あけ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Noun

朱(あけ) • (ake)

crimson

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
朱
あか Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 朱 – see the following entry.

【赤あか】1

[noun] red (color)

[noun] communism, socialism

[noun] a communist

[prefix] entirely

Alternative spelling
アカ

(This term, 朱, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Noun

Kanji in this term
朱
しゅ Grade: S
kan'on

朱(しゅ) • (shu)

Abbreviation of 朱色 (“vermilion”).

Korean

Hanja

朱 (eumhun 붉을 주 (bulgeul ju))

Hanja form^? of 주 (“vermillion, cinnabar”).

Vietnamese

Han character

朱: Hán Nôm readings: cho, chẩu, chõ, Chu, chau, châu, choa

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.