SHOX2

SHOX2
Identifiers
Aliases	SHOX2, OG12, OG12X, SHOT, short stature homeobox 2
External IDs	OMIM: 602504; MGI: 1201673; HomoloGene: 68535; GeneCards: SHOX2; OMA:SHOX2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (human)
End	158,106,420 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (mouse)
End	66,889,104 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	buccal mucosa cell; ; lateral nuclear group of thalamus; ; saphenous vein; ; tendon of biceps brachii; ; sperm; ; popliteal artery; ; tibial arteries; ; Achilles tendon; ; spinal ganglia; ; tibial nerve;
	Top expressed in
	medial dorsal nucleus; ; lateral geniculate nucleus; ; medial geniculate nucleus; ; inferior colliculi; ; lumbar spinal ganglion; ; electrical conduction system of the heart; ; body of femur; ; superior colliculus; ; dermis; ; facial motor nucleus;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	sequence-specific DNA binding; DNA binding; DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific;
Cellular component	nucleus;
Biological process	cartilage development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis; skeletal system development; regulation of chondrocyte differentiation; heart valve development; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; chondrocyte differentiation; positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway; chondrocyte development; negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development; positive regulation of axonogenesis; nervous system development; multicellular organism development; heart development; positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation; embryonic limb morphogenesis; muscle tissue morphogenesis; regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve; embryonic morphogenesis; osteoblast differentiation; embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis; embryonic skeletal joint morphogenesis; cardiac atrium morphogenesis; embryonic forelimb morphogenesis; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	6474
	20429
	ENSG00000168779
	ENSMUSG00000027833
	O60902
	P70390
	NM_001163678; NM_003030; NM_006884
	NM_013665; NM_001302357; NM_001302358; NM_001302359
	NP_001157150; NP_003021; NP_006875
	NP_001289286; NP_001289287; NP_001289288; NP_038693
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Short-stature homeobox 2, also known as homeobox protein Og12X or paired-related homeobox protein SHOT, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SHOX2 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Function

SHOX2 is a member of the homeobox family of genes that encode proteins containing a 60-amino acid residue motif that represents a DNA-binding domain. Homeobox proteins have been characterized extensively as transcriptional regulators involved in pattern formation in both invertebrate and vertebrate species.^[5]

Clinical significance

Several human genetic disorders are caused by aberrations in human homeobox genes. This locus represents a pseudoautosomal homeobox gene that is thought to be responsible for idiopathic short stature, and it is implicated in the short stature phenotype of Turner syndrome patients. This gene is considered to be a candidate gene for Cornelia de Lange syndrome.^[5]

SHOX2 localises on chromosome 3, so it is an autosomal and not a pseudoautosomal homeobox (SHOX, which localises on the PAR1 region of chromosome X and Y, has a pseudoautosomal hereditability).

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000168779 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027833 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Entrez Gene: short stature homeobox 2".
^ Blaschke RJ; Monaghan AP; Schiller S; Schechinger B; Rao E; Padilla-Nash H; Ried T; Rappold GA (March 1998). "SHOT, a SHOX-related homeobox gene, is implicated in craniofacial, brain, heart, and limb development". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (5): 2406–11. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95.2406B. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.5.2406. PMC 19357. PMID 9482898.
^ Semina EV; Reiter RS; Murray JC (March 1998). "A new human homeobox gene OGI2X is a member of the most conserved homeobox gene family and is expressed during heart development in mouse". Hum. Mol. Genet. 7 (3): 415–22. doi:10.1093/hmg/7.3.415. PMID 9466998.

Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
De Baere E, Speleman F, Van Roy N, et al. (1998). "Assignment of SHOX2 (alias OG12X and SHOT) to human chromosome bands 3q25→q26.1 by in situ hybridization". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 82 (3–4): 228–9. doi:10.1159/000015108. PMID 9858825. S2CID 19905636.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
Zhou W; Chen H; Zhang L (2009). "The PcG protein hPc2 interacts with the N-terminus of histone demethylase JARID1B and acts as a transcriptional co-repressor". BMB Rep. 42 (3): 154–9. doi:10.5483/bmbrep.2009.42.3.154. PMID 19336002.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, et al. (2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560.
Yerges LM, Klei L, Cauley JA, et al. (2009). "High-density association study of 383 candidate genes for volumetric BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine among older men". J. Bone Miner. Res. 24 (12): 2039–49. doi:10.1359/jbmr.090524. PMC 2791518. PMID 19453261.
Ravasi T, Suzuki H, Cannistraci CV, et al. (2010). "An atlas of combinatorial transcriptional regulation in mouse and man". Cell. 140 (5): 744–52. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.044. PMC 2836267. PMID 20211142.
Hillman RT; Green RE; Brenner SE (2004). "An unappreciated role for RNA surveillance". Genome Biol. 5 (2): R8. doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-2-r8. PMC 395752. PMID 14759258.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000168779 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027833 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: short stature homeobox 2".

[pmid9482898-6] Blaschke RJ; Monaghan AP; Schiller S; Schechinger B; Rao E; Padilla-Nash H; Ried T; Rappold GA (March 1998). "SHOT, a SHOX-related homeobox gene, is implicated in craniofacial, brain, heart, and limb development". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (5): 2406–11. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95.2406B. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.5.2406. PMC 19357. PMID 9482898.

[pmid9466998-7] Semina EV; Reiter RS; Murray JC (March 1998). "A new human homeobox gene OGI2X is a member of the most conserved homeobox gene family and is expressed during heart development in mouse". Hum. Mol. Genet. 7 (3): 415–22. doi:10.1093/hmg/7.3.415. PMID 9466998.

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Function

Clinical significance

References

Further reading