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List of governors of Arkansas

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Governor of Arkansas
Great Seal of Arkansas
Flag of Arkansas
since January 10, 2023 (2023-01-10)
Government of Arkansas
Style
StatusHead of Government
ResidenceArkansas Governor's Mansion
SeatState Capitol, Little Rock, Arkansas
Term lengthFour years, renewable once
Constituting instrumentConstitution of Arkansas
PrecursorGovernor of Arkansas Territory
Inaugural holderJames Sevier Conway
FormationSeptember 13, 1836
(188 years ago) (1836-09-13)
DeputyLieutenant Governor of Arkansas
Salary$158,739 (2022)[1]
Websitegovernor.arkansas.gov

The governor of Arkansas is the head of government of the U.S. state of Arkansas. The governor is the head of the executive branch of the Arkansas government and is charged with enforcing state laws. They have the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Arkansas General Assembly, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.[2]

The state has had 46 elected governors, as well as 11 acting governors who assumed powers and duties following the resignation or death of the governor. Before becoming a state, Arkansas Territory had four governors appointed to it by the president of the United States. Orval Faubus (1955–1967) served the longest term as governor, being elected six times to serve 12 years. Bill Clinton (1979–1981; 1983–1992), elected five times over two distinct terms, fell only one month short of 12 years, and Mike Huckabee (1996–2007) served 10 years for two full four-year terms. The shortest term for an elected governor was the 38 days served by John Sebastian Little before his nervous breakdown; one of the acting successors to his term, Jesse M. Martin, took office only three days before the end of the term, the shortest term overall.

The current governor of Arkansas is Republican Sarah Huckabee Sanders, who was sworn in on January 10, 2023.

List of governors

[edit]

Arkansas Territory

[edit]

Arkansaw Territory (renamed Arkansas Territory, circa 1822)[a] was split from the Missouri Territory on July 4, 1819.[4] As territorial secretary from 1819 to 1829, Robert Crittenden served as acting governor whenever the appointed governor was not in the state. This meant that Crittenden was the first person to perform the duties of governor, since James Miller did not arrive in the territory until nine months after his appointment.[5]

Governors of Arkansas Territory
No. Governor Term in office[b] Appointed by
1 James Miller
(1776–1851)
[6] 		March 3, 1819[c]
–
December 27, 1824
(resigned)[d] 		James Monroe
2 George Izard
(1776–1828)
[11] 		March 3, 1825[e]
–
November 22, 1828
(died in office) 		James Monroe
John Quincy Adams
3 John Pope
(1770–1845)
[16] 		March 9, 1829[f]
–
March 9, 1835
(successor appointed) 		Andrew Jackson
4 William S. Fulton
(1795–1844)
[21] 		March 9, 1835[g]
–
September 13, 1836
(statehood)[h] 		Andrew Jackson

State of Arkansas

[edit]

Arkansas was admitted to the Union on June 15, 1836.[28] The state seceded on May 6, 1861,[29] and was admitted to the Confederacy on May 18, 1861.[30] When Little Rock, the state capital, was captured on September 10, 1863, the state government relocated to Washington, Arkansas, and a Union government was installed in its place, causing an overlap in the terms of Confederate governor Harris Flanagin and Union governor Isaac Murphy.[31] During the post-war Reconstruction period, it was part of the Fourth Military District. Arkansas was readmitted to the Union on June 22, 1868.[32]

The Arkansas Constitution of 1836 established four-year terms for governors,[33] which was lowered to two years in the 1874, and current, constitution.[34] An amendment in 1984 increased the terms of both governor and lieutenant governor to four years.[35] Governors were originally limited only to serving no more than eight out of every twelve years,[33] but the 1874 constitution removed any term limit. A referendum in 1992 limited governors to two terms.[36][37]

Until 1864, the constitutions provided that, should the office of governor be rendered vacant, the president of the senate would serve as acting governor until such time as a new governor was elected or the disability removed, or the acting governor's senate term expired.[38][39] This led to some situations where the governorship changed hands in quick succession, due to senate terms ending or new senate presidents being elected. For example, after John Sebastian Little resigned in 1907, 3 senate presidents acted as governors before the next elected governor took office. Should the president of the senate be similarly incapacitated, the next in line for the governorship was the speaker of the state house of representatives.

The 1864 constitution created the office of lieutenant governor[40] who would also act as president of the senate,[41] and who would serve as acting governor in case of vacancy.[42] The 1868 constitution maintained the position,[43] but the 1874 constitution removed it and returned to the original line of succession.[44] An amendment to the constitution, passed in 1914 but not recognized until 1925,[45] recreated the office of lieutenant governor, who becomes governor in case of vacancy of the governor's office.[46] The governor and the lieutenant governor are not officially elected on the same ticket.

Arkansas was a strongly Democratic state before the Civil War, electing only candidates from the Democratic party. It elected three Republican governors following Reconstruction, but after the Democratic Party re-established control, 92 years passed before voters chose another Republican.

Governors of Arkansas
No.[i] Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor[j][k]
1   James Sevier Conway
(1796–1855)
[48][49][50] 		September 13, 1836[51]
–
November 4, 1840
(did not run)[50] 		Democratic[52] 1836 Office did not exist
2 Archibald Yell
(1797–1847)
[53][54][55] 		November 4, 1840[56]
–
April 29, 1844
(resigned)[l] 		Democratic[57] 1840
— Samuel Adams
(1805–1850)
[58][59][60] 		April 29, 1844[61]
–
November 9, 1844
(successor took office) 		Democratic[62] President of
the Senate
acting
3 Thomas Stevenson Drew
(1802–1879)
[63][64][65] 		November 9, 1844[66]
–
January 10, 1849
(resigned)[m] 		Democratic[57] 1844
1848
— Richard C. Byrd
(1805–1854)
[67][68] 		January 10, 1849[69]
–
April 19, 1849
(successor took office) 		Democratic[62] President of
the Senate
acting
4 John Selden Roane[n]
(1817–1867)
[72][73][74] 		April 19, 1849[75]
–
November 15, 1852
(did not run)[74] 		Democratic[57] 1849
(special)[o]
5 Elias Nelson Conway[p]
(1812–1892)
[76][77][78] 		November 15, 1852[79]
–
November 15, 1860
(term-limited)[q] 		Democratic[81] 1852
1856
6 Henry Massey Rector
(1816–1899)
[82][83][84] 		November 15, 1860[85]
–
November 3, 1862
(resigned)[r] 		Independent
Democratic[87] 		1860[s]
— Thomas Fletcher
(1817–1880)
[t] 		November 3, 1862[90]
–
November 15, 1862
(successor took office)[u] 		Democratic[62] President of
the Senate
acting
7 Harris Flanagin
(1817–1874)
[91][92][31] 		November 15, 1862[93]
–
June 1, 1865[v]
(government in exile
disestablished)[w] 		Independent[96] 1862[x]
8 Isaac Murphy
(d. 1882)
[98][99][100] 		January 20, 1864[y]
–
July 2, 1868
(did not run) 		Independent[z] Provisional
governor
appointed by
constitutional
convention
1864   Calvin C. Bliss[102]
9 Powell Clayton
(1833–1914)
[103][104][105] 		July 2, 1868[106]
–
March 17, 1871
(resigned)[aa] 		Republican[62] 1868 James M. Johnson[108]
(resigned March 14, 1871)[aa]
Vacant
— Ozra Amander Hadley
(1826–1915)
[109][110][107] 		March 17, 1871[111]
–
January 6, 1873
(successor took office) 		Republican[62] President of
the Senate
acting[aa]
10 Elisha Baxter[ab]
(1827–1899)
[113][114][115] 		January 6, 1873[116]
–
November 12, 1874
(did not run)[ac] 		Republican[62] 1872[ad] Volney V. Smith[117]
11 Augustus Hill Garland
(1832–1899)
[118][119][120] 		November 12, 1874[121]
–
January 11, 1877
(did not run)[ae] 		Democratic[62] 1874 Office did not exist
12 William Read Miller
(1823–1887)
[122][123][124] 		January 11, 1877[125]
–
January 13, 1881
(lost nomination)[126] 		Democratic[62] 1876
1878
13 Thomas James Churchill
(1824–1905)
[127][128][129] 		January 13, 1881[130]
–
January 13, 1883
(did not run)[129] 		Democratic[62] 1880
14 James Henderson Berry
(1841–1913)
[131][132][133] 		January 13, 1883[134]
–
January 15, 1885
(did not run) 		Democratic[62] 1882
15 Simon Pollard Hughes Jr.
(1830–1906)
[135][136][137] 		January 15, 1885[138]
–
January 17, 1889
(lost nomination)[139] 		Democratic[62] 1884
1886
16 James Philip Eagle
(1837–1904)
[140][141][142] 		January 17, 1889[143]
–
January 14, 1893
(did not run)[142] 		Democratic[62] 1888
1890
17 William Meade Fishback[af]
(1831–1903)
[145][146][147] 		January 14, 1893[148]
–
January 18, 1895
(did not run)[ag] 		Democratic[62] 1892
18 James Paul Clarke
(1854–1916)
[149][150][151] 		January 18, 1895[152]
–
January 18, 1897
(did not run)[ah] 		Democratic[62] 1894
19 Daniel Webster Jones
(1839–1918)
[153][154][155] 		January 18, 1897[156]
–
January 18, 1901
(did not run)[ai] 		Democratic[62] 1896
1898
20 Jeff Davis
(1862–1913)
[157][158][159] 		January 18, 1901[160]
–
January 18, 1907
(did not run)[aj] 		Democratic[62] 1900
1902
1904
21 John Sebastian Little
(1851–1916)
[161][162][163] 		January 18, 1907[164]
–
February 11, 1907
(resigned)[ak] 		Democratic[62] 1906
— John Isaac Moore
(1856–1937)
[165][166] 		February 11, 1907[167]
–
May 14, 1907
(legislature adjourned) 		Democratic[62] President of
the Senate
acting[al]
— Xenophon Overton Pindall
(1873–1935)
[169][168][170] 		May 14, 1907[171]
–
January 11, 1909
(senate term expired) 		Democratic[62] President of
the Senate
acting[al]
— Jesse M. Martin
(1877–1915) 		January 11, 1909[172]
–
January 14, 1909
(successor took office) 		Democratic[62] President of
the Senate
acting[al]
22 George Washington Donaghey
(1856–1937)
[173][174][175] 		January 14, 1909[176]
–
January 16, 1913
(lost nomination)[177] 		Democratic[62] 1908
1910
23 Joseph Taylor Robinson
(1872–1937)
[178][179][180] 		January 16, 1913[181]
–
March 8, 1913
(resigned)[am] 		Democratic[62] 1912
— William Kavanaugh Oldham
(1865–1938)
[182][183] 		March 8, 1913[184]
–
March 13, 1913
(new president of
the senate elected) 		Democratic[62] President of
the Senate
acting[an]
— Junius Marion Futrell
(1870–1955)
[188][185][189] 		March 13, 1913[190]
–
August 6, 1913
(successor took office) 		Democratic[62] President of
the Senate
acting[an]
24 George Washington Hays
(1863–1927)
[191][186][192] 		August 6, 1913[193]
–
January 10, 1917
(did not run)[191] 		Democratic[62] 1913
(special)[an]
1914
25 Charles Hillman Brough
(1876–1935)
[194][195][196] 		January 10, 1917[197]
–
January 12, 1921
(did not run)[194] 		Democratic[62] 1916
1918
26 Thomas Chipman McRae
(1851–1929)
[198][199][200] 		January 12, 1921[201]
–
January 14, 1925
(did not run)[200] 		Democratic[62] 1920
1922
27 Tom Terral
(1882–1946)
[202][203][204] 		January 14, 1925[205]
–
January 11, 1927
(lost nomination)[202] 		Democratic[62] 1924
28 John Ellis Martineau
(1873–1937)
[206][207][208] 		January 11, 1927[209]
–
March 14, 1928
(resigned)[ao] 		Democratic[62] 1926 Harvey Parnell
29 Harvey Parnell
(1880–1936)
[210][211][212] 		March 14, 1928[213]
–
January 10, 1933
(did not run)[212] 		Democratic[62] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
1928 Lee Cazort
1930 Lawrence Elery Wilson
30 Junius Marion Futrell
(1870–1955)
[188][185][189] 		January 10, 1933[214]
–
January 12, 1937
(did not run) 		Democratic[62] 1932 Lee Cazort
1934
31 Carl E. Bailey
(1894–1948)
[215][216][217] 		January 12, 1937[218]
–
January 14, 1941
(lost nomination)[217] 		Democratic[62] 1936 Robert L. Bailey
1938
32 Homer Martin Adkins
(1890–1964)
[219][220][221] 		January 14, 1941[222]
–
January 9, 1945
(did not run)[ap] 		Democratic[62] 1940
1942 James L. Shaver
33 Benjamin T. Laney
(1896–1977)
[223][224][225] 		January 9, 1945[226]
–
January 11, 1949
(did not run) 		Democratic[62] 1944
1946 Nathan Green Gordon
34 Sid McMath
(1912–2003)
[227][228][229] 		January 11, 1949[230]
–
January 13, 1953
(lost nomination)[227] 		Democratic[62] 1948
1950
35 Francis Cherry
(1908–1965)
[231][232][233] 		January 13, 1953[234]
–
January 11, 1955
(lost nomination)[231] 		Democratic[62] 1952
36 Orval Faubus
(1910–1994)
[235][236][237] 		January 11, 1955[238]
–
January 10, 1967
(did not run) 		Democratic[62] 1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
37 Winthrop Rockefeller
(1912–1973)
[239][240][241] 		January 10, 1967[242]
–
January 12, 1971
(lost election) 		Republican[62] 1966 Maurice Britt
1968
38 Dale Bumpers
(1925–2016)
[243][244][245] 		January 12, 1971[246]
–
January 3, 1975
(resigned)[aq] 		Democratic[62] 1970 Bob C. Riley
1972
— Bob C. Riley
(1924–1994)
[247][248] 		January 3, 1975[249]
–
January 14, 1975
(successor took office) 		Democratic[62] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
39 David Pryor
(1934–2024)
[250][251][252] 		January 14, 1975[253]
–
January 3, 1979
(resigned)[ar] 		Democratic[62] 1974 Joe Purcell
1976
— Joe Purcell
(1923–1987)
[255] 		January 3, 1979[256]
–
January 9, 1979
(successor took office) 		Democratic[255] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
40 Bill Clinton
(b. 1946)
[257][258] 		January 9, 1979[259]
–
January 13, 1981
(lost election) 		Democratic[258] 1978 Joe Purcell
41 Frank D. White
(1933–2003)
[260][261] 		January 13, 1981[262]
–
January 11, 1983
(lost election) 		Republican[261] 1980 Winston Bryant[as]
42 Bill Clinton
(b. 1946)
[257][258] 		January 11, 1983[263]
–
December 12, 1992
(resigned)[at] 		Democratic[258] 1982
1984
1986[au]
1990 Jim Guy Tucker
43 Jim Guy Tucker
(b. 1943)
[264][265] 		December 12, 1992[266]
–
July 15, 1996
(resigned)[av] 		Democratic[265] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
Mike Huckabee[aw]
(elected November 20, 1993)
1994
44 Mike Huckabee
(b. 1955)
[268][269] 		July 15, 1996[270]
–
January 9, 2007
(term-limited)[ax] 		Republican[269] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
Winthrop Paul Rockefeller
(elected November 19, 1996)
(died July 16, 2006)
1998
2002
Vacant
45 Mike Beebe
(b. 1946)
[272][273] 		January 9, 2007[274]
–
January 13, 2015
(term-limited)[ax] 		Democratic[273] 2006 Bill Halter
2010 Mark Darr[aw]
(resigned February 1, 2014)
Vacant
46 Asa Hutchinson
(b. 1950)
[275][276] 		January 13, 2015[277]
–
January 10, 2023
(term-limited)[ax] 		Republican[276] 2014 Tim Griffin
2018
47 Sarah Huckabee Sanders
(b. 1982)
[278][279] 		January 10, 2023[280]
–
Incumbent[ay] 		Republican[279] 2022 Leslie Rutledge

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The territory was formally organized with the name "Arkansaw", but spellings including "Arkansas" and "Arkansa" remained common until around 1822, when the popularity of the Arkansas Gazette helped standardize the spelling as "Arkansas".[3]
  2. ^ The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor left office.
  3. ^ Miller was nominated, and confirmed by the Senate, on March 3, 1819.[7] However, to avoid the hot southern summer, he delayed his departure from New Hampshire until September, and took an indirect route, finally arriving in the territory on December 26.[8] Robert Crittenden, secretary of the territory, served as acting governor while Miller was delayed.[5] Miller was reconfirmed by the Senate on January 3, 1823.[9]
  4. ^ Miller resigned citing poor health; at the time of his resignation, he had been absent from the territory for 18 months.[10]
  5. ^ Izard was nominated on February 22, 1825,[12] confirmed by the Senate on March 3,[13] and took office on May 31.[11] Until he arrived in the territory, Robert Crittenden, secretary of the territory, served as acting governor, though Crittenden himself was out of state when Izard arrived.[14] Izard was reconfirmed by the Senate on January 9, 1828.[15]
  6. ^ By the time notice of Izard's death reached Washington, D.C., Andrew Jackson had been elected president, and the United States Senate refused to approve John Quincy Adams's choice for governor, Hutchins Gordon Burton.[17] Pope was nominated, and confirmed by the Senate, on March 9, 1829,[18] and took office on May 31.[16][19] Pope was reconfirmed by the Senate on March 23, 1832.[20]
  7. ^ Fulton was nominated on February 2, 1835,[22] and confirmed by the Senate on February 23,[23] for a term to begin March 9. No contemporary reporting has been found as to when Fulton was sworn in, but one source refers to Pope saying his term would not end until March 28,[24] and another notes Fulton's commission did not arrive until March 24,[25] when he was out of state.[26]
  8. ^ Fulton served as governor until statehood, when he was elected to the United States Senate.[27]
  9. ^ According to the numbering generally used, acting governors are not numbered.[47]
  10. ^ The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1864 and abolished in 1874. It was recreated in 1914, and was not filled until 1927. The amendment to the constitution creating the office was narrowly voted in by the electorate in 1914. The Speaker of the House declared that the measure had lost, because even though it had received the majority of the votes cast for that particular ballot measure, winning 45,567 to 45,206, it had not received the majority of votes cast across the whole election, determined by looking at the question on the ballot with the highest total number of votes for or against. On that ballot, this figure was 135,517 votes, so it was ruled that at least 67,758 votes in favor would have been required for the measure to pass, essentially counting blank votes as votes against. In 1925, it was discovered that a 1910 law amended this requirement such that only a majority of the votes on the specific question was required. Therefore, the 1914 initiative was declared to be valid.[45]
  11. ^ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  12. ^ Yell resigned to successfully run for the United States House of Representatives.[54]
  13. ^ Drew resigned due to the low salary he received as governor.[64]
  14. ^ Roane was out of state enough in 1851 that John R. Hampton, president of the Senate, was sworn in as acting governor on June 25, 1851.[70] However, Sobel states Hampton was acting governor in September 1851.[71] No source has been found as to when Roane returned to active work.
  15. ^ Roane was elected in a special election to fill the remainder of the term vacated by Thomas S. Drew's resignation.[73]
  16. ^ Conway was out of state in 1857, and president of the Senate John R. Hampton was sworn in as acting governor and served from April 21 to September 14.[71]
  17. ^ Under the 1836 constitution, governors were not eligible to serve more than eight years in any term of twelve years.[80]
  18. ^ Rector resigned two weeks before the end of his term, having lost re-election. Sources suggest he resigned because he was so badly defeated in the election,[84] or because the new constitution would shorten his term.[86]
  19. ^ This term was shortened to two years due to the 1861 constitution moving the election schedule.[88]
  20. ^ Sobel's entry on Fletcher mixes information with a similarly named man who ran for governor twice; even contemporary sources would confuse the two.[89]
  21. ^ Governor-elect Flanagin was not sworn in until November 15, 1862;[31] in the interim, Fletcher acted as governor.[86][90] Fletcher is omitted from most lists of Arkansas governors.
  22. ^ Some sources state Flanagin left office on April 18, 1864, but that was when Isaac Murphy was sworn in as governor by occupation authorities after winning the 1864 election. Following the evacuation of Little Rock on September 10, 1863, Flanagin was governor in exile at Washington, Arkansas.[94] Flanagin's last official act as governor was to preside over the Arkansas State Military Board during its final meeting at Washington on June 1, 1865;[95] six days after the Trans-Mississippi Department was surrendered to Union authorities at New Orleans.
  23. ^ Flanagin evacuated Little Rock before it fell to Union forces on September 10, 1863, leading a government in exile at Washington, Arkansas, until the end of the Civil War. Isaac Murphy was sworn in as provisional governor by occupation authorities on January 20, 1864, and elected in his own right under Lincoln's "ten percent plan" (taking office on April 18, 1864), thus causing an overlap in terms.
  24. ^ On March 14, 1864, a new state constitution was ratified by Union men of Arkansas under President Lincoln's "ten percent plan" in an election supervised by Union occupation authorities; however, it had no effect on Flanagin's government in exile at Washington.[97]
  25. ^ Murphy was chosen as provisional governor by the Unionist constitutional convention on January 20, 1864;[101] he refused to exercise power until the constitution was ratified and he was elected by popular vote. He was formally inaugurated on April 18.[98]
  26. ^ Sources disagree on Murphy's party: the state says Independent,[96] Sobel says Democratic,[98] and Kallenbach says Union.[62]
  27. ^ a b c Clayton resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate. He had delayed his resignation to prevent Lieutenant Governor Johnson from succeeding him; party machinations led to Johnson's resignation and acceptance of the office of secretary of state, so that Hadley, as president pro tempore of the senate, could act as governor for the remainder of the term.[107]
  28. ^ Baxter was ousted by Joseph Brooks on April 15, 1874, triggering the Brooks–Baxter War. He was reinstated on May 19.[112]
  29. ^ Baxter received the Democratic nomination, but declined.[113]
  30. ^ This term was shortened to two years by the 1874 constitution.[34]
  31. ^ Garland was instead elected to the United States Senate.[120]
  32. ^ Fishback was out of state for a period in 1893; during that time, Clay Sloan, president of the Senate, acted as governor.[144]
  33. ^ Fishback instead ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination to the United States Senate.[145]
  34. ^ Clarke instead ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination to the United States Senate.[151]
  35. ^ Jones instead ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate.[155]
  36. ^ Davis was instead elected to the United States Senate.[159]
  37. ^ Little resigned after suffering a nervous breakdown soon after taking office.[163]
  38. ^ a b c President of the Senate Moore acted as governor until the legislature adjourned,[166] at which time a new president pro tempore of the Senate was chosen, Pindall, who acted as governor until his senate term expired.[168] For the remaining three days of the gubernatorial term, Martin, the new president pro tempore of the Senate, acted as governor.[163] Further complicating the situation, Pindall was out of state from May 9 to May 14, 1908, during which time Allen Hamiter, speaker of the House, served as acting governor.[163]
  39. ^ Robinson resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[179]
  40. ^ a b c Oldham acted as governor for six days before a new president of the senate was elected.[183] The new president, Futrell, acted as governor[185] until Hays was elected in a special election to fill the remainder of the term.[186] Conflict over whether or not Futrell could succeed Oldham as acting governor led to the Arkansas Supreme Court ruling that he could.[187]
  41. ^ Martineau resigned, having been confirmed to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas.[207]
  42. ^ Adkins instead ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate.[221]
  43. ^ Bumpers resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[243]
  44. ^ Pryor resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[254]
  45. ^ Represented the Democratic Party
  46. ^ Clinton resigned, having been elected President of the United States.[258]
  47. ^ First term under a 1984 constitutional amendment, which lengthened terms to four years.[35]
  48. ^ Tucker resigned after being convicted of mail fraud in the Whitewater controversy;[267]
  49. ^ a b Represented the Republican Party
  50. ^ a b c Under a 1993 amendment to the constitution, governors may not serve more than two terms.[271]
  51. ^ Sanders' first term will expire January 12, 2027.

References

[edit]
General
  • "Former Arkansas Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
  • "Governor, Office of the". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
  • Herndon, Dallas Tabor (1922). Centennial History of Arkansas. Southern Historical Press. ISBN 978-0-89308-068-6. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
  • Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. I. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466015. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  • McMullin, Thomas A. (1984). Biographical directory of American territorial governors. Westport, CT : Meckler. ISBN 978-0-930466-11-4. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
  • Dubin, Michael J. (2003). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1439-0.
  • Dubin, Michael J. (2014). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5646-8.
  • Kallenbach, Joseph Ernest (1977). American State Governors, 1776-1976. Oceana Publications. ISBN 978-0-379-00665-0. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
  • Glashan, Roy R. (1979). American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978. Meckler Books. ISBN 978-0-930466-17-6.
  • "Our Campaigns - Governor of Arkansas - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  • "Our Campaigns - Governor of Arkansas (CSA) - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
Constitutions
Specific
  1. ^ "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries". The Council of State Governments. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  2. ^ AR Const. art. VI
  3. ^ "Arkansas History Timeline (1819–1861)". Historic Arkansas Museum. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
  4. ^ 3 Stat. 493
  5. ^ a b Bird, Allen W. (May 21, 2019). "Robert Crittenden (1797–1834)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  6. ^ McMullin 1984, pp. 57–59.
  7. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 15th Cong., 2nd sess., 184, accessed January 31, 2023.
  8. ^ Clements, Derek Allen (March 19, 2019). "James Miller (1776–1851)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  9. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 17th Cong., 2nd sess., 318, accessed February 19, 2023.
  10. ^ Ledbetter, Cal (1988). "General James Miller: Hawthorne's Hero in Arkansas". The Arkansas Historical Quarterly. 47 (2): 109. doi:10.2307/40038144. ISSN 0004-1823. JSTOR 40038144.
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  19. ^ "none". The Arkansas Gazette. June 3, 1829. p. 3. Retrieved January 31, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. His Excellency John Pope, Governor of the Territory of Arkansas, arrived here on Sunday evening last, from Kentucky, and has entered on the discharge of the duties of his office.
  20. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 22nd Cong., 1st sess., 231, accessed January 31, 2023.
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  24. ^ "none". Arkansas Times and Advocate. March 6, 1835. p. 2. Retrieved January 31, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. We are informed by Gov. Pope, that his term of office expires on the 23rd of the present month, and not on the 5th, as has been elsewhere stated.
  25. ^ "The New Governor and Secretary". The Arkansas Gazette. March 24, 1835. p. 3. Retrieved January 31, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ^ "none". Arkansas Times and Advocate. March 27, 1835. p. 2. Retrieved January 31, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. The nominations of Wm. S. Fulton and Lewis Randolph, as Governor and Secretary of this Territory, were confirmed by the Senate of the U.S. on the 23rd ult., and we believe the commission of Governor Fuilton has arrived. He is now absent from this place...
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  28. ^ 5 Stat. 50
  29. ^ "Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States". University of Houston. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  30. ^ An Act to admit the State of Arkansas into the Confederacy Archived August 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, accessed July 8, 2015
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  32. ^ 15 Stat. 72
  33. ^ a b 1836 Const. art. V, § 4
  34. ^ a b AR Const. art. VI, § 1
  35. ^ a b AR Const. amendment 63
  36. ^ Wickline, Michael R. (November 4, 2020). "2 issues on state ballot approved by voters". Arkansas Online.
  37. ^ "State Term Limits". Retrieved October 11, 2016.
  38. ^ 1836 Const. art. V, § 18
  39. ^ 1861 Const. art. V, § 18
  40. ^ 1864 Const. art. VI, § 19
  41. ^ 1864 Const. art. VI, § 20
  42. ^ 1864 Const. art. VI, § 23
  43. ^ 1868 Const. art. VI, § 1
  44. ^ AR Const. art. VI, § 12
  45. ^ a b "About The Office – Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas". Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  46. ^ Bryant v. English, 311 Ark. 187 (Arkansas Supreme Court 1992).
  47. ^ "Office of the Governor". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  48. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 63.
  49. ^ "James Sevier Conway". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
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  51. ^ "Inauguration of the Governor". The Arkansas Gazette. September 13, 1836. p. 2. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
  52. ^ Dubin 2003, p. 9.
  53. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 63–64.
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  57. ^ a b c Dubin 2003, p. 10.
  58. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 64–65.
  59. ^ "Samuel Adams". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  60. ^ Manning, Jaci (January 26, 2022). "Samuel Adams (1805–1850)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
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  68. ^ "Richard C. Byrd". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  69. ^ "none". True Democrat. January 16, 1849. p. 2. Retrieved July 31, 2023. His Excellency Richard C. Byrd, as President of the Senate, is now the acting Executive of the State...
  70. ^ "Acting Governor". The Arkansas Banner. July 1, 1851. p. 2. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
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  73. ^ a b "John Selden Roane". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
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  75. ^ "none". Arkansas Intelligencer. April 28, 1849. p. 3. Retrieved July 31, 2023. ... do hereby declare and make known that John S. Roane is constitutionally elected Governor of the State of Arkansas...
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  78. ^ Worthen, William B. (April 12, 2022). "Elias Nelson Conway (1812–1892)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  79. ^ "Inauguration of the New Governor". Weekly Arkansas Gazette. November 19, 1852. p. 2. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
  80. ^ "1836 Ark. Const. art. V, § 4". www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
  81. ^ Dubin 2003, p. 11.
  82. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 68–69.
  83. ^ "Henry Massey Rector". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 2, 2023.
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  85. ^ "Inauguration of Governor". Weekly Arkansas Gazette. November 17, 1860. p. 2. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
  86. ^ a b Hempstead, Fay (1911). Historical Review of Arkansas: Its Commerce, Industry and Modern Affairs, Volume 1. Lewis Publishing Company. p. 250. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  87. ^ Dubin 2003, p. 12.
  88. ^ 1861 Const. art. IV, § 8
  89. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 69.
  90. ^ a b "none". Weekly Arkansas Gazette. Little Rock, Arkansas. November 8, 1862. p. 2. Retrieved February 2, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. Gov. Rector, after the delivery of his message, resigned, and Judge Fletcher, thereby becomes Governor until the Governor elect is installed.
  91. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 70.
  92. ^ "Harris Flanagin". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  93. ^ "none". Washington Telegraph. November 26, 1862. p. 2. Retrieved July 31, 2023. Hon. Harris Flanagin, the Governor elect arrived in this city on Thursday afternoon, and will be installed today.
  94. ^ "Office of the Governor". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  95. ^ Minute Book of the Military Board of Arkansas, 1862-1865. Washington, Arkansas. p. 228.
  96. ^ a b "Governor, Office of the". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
  97. ^ Miller, Adam (February 8, 2022). "Union Occupation of Arkansas". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
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  99. ^ "Isaac Murphy". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  100. ^ Dougan, Michael B. (December 31, 2022). "Isaac Murphy (1799–1882)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  101. ^ Journal of the Convention of Delegates of the People of Arkansas, January 20, 1864, 41, accessed July 31, 2023
  102. ^ Herndon 1922, p. 287.
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  104. ^ "Powell Clayton". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
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  106. ^ "The Inauguration". Daily Arkansas Gazette. July 3, 1868. p. 2. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
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  108. ^ Herndon 1922, p. 293.
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  114. ^ "Elisha Baxter". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
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  116. ^ "Little Rock". The Cincinnati Enquirer. January 7, 1873. p. 4. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
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  121. ^ "Gov. Garland's Message". Daily Arkansas Gazette. November 13, 1874. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
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  123. ^ "William Read Miller". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
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  128. ^ "Thomas James Churchill". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
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  130. ^ "Gov. Churchill". Arkansas Democrat. January 13, 1881. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  131. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 76.
  132. ^ "James Henderson Berry". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  133. ^ Balogh, George W. (June 30, 2021). "James Henderson Berry (1841–1913)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  134. ^ "Arkansas General Assembly". Arkansas Democrat. January 13, 1883. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  135. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 77.
  136. ^ "Simon P. Hughes". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
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  138. ^ "Inauguration of State Officers in Arkansas". Vicksburg Evening Post. January 15, 1885. p. 1. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  139. ^ "Col. J.P. Eagle for Governor". Daily Arkansas Gazette. June 6, 1888. p. 4. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  140. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 77–78.
  141. ^ "James Philip Eagle". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
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  143. ^ "Governor Eagle". The Springdale News. January 25, 1889. p. 4. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
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  146. ^ "William Meade Fishback". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  147. ^ Readnour, Harry W. (October 24, 2022). "William Meade Fishback (1831–1903)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  148. ^ "Fishback". Daily Arkansas Gazette. January 15, 1893. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  149. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 79–80.
  150. ^ "James Paul Clarke". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  151. ^ a b Niswonger, Richard L. (July 1, 2021). "James Paul Clarke (1854–1916)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  152. ^ "Bent on Business". Daily Arkansas Gazette. January 19, 1895. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  153. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 80.
  154. ^ "Daniel Webster Jones". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  155. ^ a b Niswonger, Richard L. (March 19, 2019). "Daniel Webster Jones (1839–1918)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  156. ^ "Busy Times". Daily Arkansas Gazette. January 19, 1897. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  157. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 80–81.
  158. ^ "Jefferson Davis". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  159. ^ a b Arsenault, Raymond O. (October 25, 2022). "Jeff Davis (1862–1913)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  160. ^ "Gov. Jeff Davis". Pine Bluff Daily Graphic. January 20, 1901. p. 4. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  161. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 81–82.
  162. ^ "John Sebastian Little". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  163. ^ a b c d Gatewood, Willard B. (October 12, 2019). "John Sebastian Little (1851–1916)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  164. ^ "New Governor Inaugurated". Arkansas Democrat. January 18, 1907. p. 2. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
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  166. ^ a b "John Isaac Moore". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  167. ^ "Governor Little Has Gone to Texas". Daily Arkansas Gazette. February 12, 1907. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  168. ^ a b "Xenophon Overton Pindall". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
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  170. ^ Goodner, Wes (March 19, 2019). "Xenophon Overton Pindall (1873–1935)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  171. ^ "Will Not Contest". The Prescott Daily News. May 14, 1907. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  172. ^ "Brown and Martin". Arkansas Democrat. January 11, 1909. p. 4. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  173. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 83.
  174. ^ "George W. Donaghey". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  175. ^ Ledbetter, Cal (May 21, 2019). "George Washington Donaghey (1856–1937)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  176. ^ "Gov. Donaghey Inaugurated". The Log Cabin Democrat. January 14, 1909. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  177. ^ "Does Not Concede Donaghey's Defeat". Daily Arkansas Gazette. March 28, 1912. p. 1. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  178. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 84.
  179. ^ a b "Joseph Taylor Robinson". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  180. ^ Weller, Cecil Edward Jr. (October 13, 2022). "Joseph Taylor Robinson (1872–1937)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  181. ^ "Simple Ceremonies Were in Presence of Lawmakers". Arkansas Democrat. January 16, 1913. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  182. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 84–85.
  183. ^ a b "William Kavanaugh Oldham". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  184. ^ "Robinson Resigns; Oldham Is Governor". Daily Arkansas Gazette. March 9, 1913. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  185. ^ a b c "Junius Marion Futrell". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  186. ^ a b "George Washington Hays". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  187. ^ Futrell v. Oldham, 107 Ark. 386 (Arkansas Supreme Court 1913).
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  189. ^ a b Dougan, Michael B. (January 19, 2023). "Junius Marion Futrell (1870–1955)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  190. ^ "Who Is Governor of Arkansas?". The Prescott Daily News. March 14, 1913. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  191. ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 86.
  192. ^ Niswonger, Richard L. (March 4, 2022). "George Washington Hays (1863–1927)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  193. ^ "Geo. W. Hays Now Governor". Newport Daily Independent. August 6, 1913. p. 1. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  194. ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 86–87.
  195. ^ "Charles Hillman Brough". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  196. ^ Dougan, Michael B. (December 5, 2022). "Charles Hillman Brough (1876–1935)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  197. ^ "Brough Inaugurated Governor of State". The Newark Journal. January 11, 1917. p. 1. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
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  199. ^ "Thomas Chapman McRae". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  200. ^ a b Clements, Derek Allen (October 25, 2022). "Thomas Chipman McRae (1851–1929)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  201. ^ "Inauguration of Gov. Thomas C. M'Rae Held This Afternoon". Little Rock Daily News. January 12, 1921. p. 1. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  202. ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 88.
  203. ^ "Thomas Jefferson Terral". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  204. ^ Clements, Derek Allen (October 13, 2022). "Thomas Jefferson Terral (1882–1946)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  205. ^ "Terral Takes Oath As Arkansas Chief". The Atlanta Constitution. January 15, 1925. p. 18. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  206. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 89.
  207. ^ a b "John Ellis Martineau". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  208. ^ Miller, Leon C.; Moneyhon, Carl H. (October 13, 2022). "John Ellis Martineau (1873–1937)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  209. ^ "John E. Martineau at the Helm of State". The Madison County Record. January 13, 1927. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  210. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 89–90.
  211. ^ "Harvey Parnell". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  212. ^ a b Salamo, Pamela (October 13, 2022). "Harvey Parnell (1880–1936)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  213. ^ "Martineau In As Judge". The Kansas City Times. Associated Press. March 15, 1928. p. 5. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  214. ^ "Governor Futrell Demands Economy". The Star Progress. January 12, 1933. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  215. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 90–91.
  216. ^ "Carl Edward Bailey". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  217. ^ a b Holley, Donald (October 13, 2022). "Carl Edward Bailey (1894–1948)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  218. ^ "Carl Bailey Takes Oath As Governor". The Courier News. United Press. January 12, 1937. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  219. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 91.
  220. ^ "Homer Martin Adkins". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  221. ^ a b Williams, Patrick G. (January 18, 2023). "Homer Martin Adkins (1890–1964)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  222. ^ "none". The Daily World. January 14, 1941. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023. Homer M. Adkins, 50-year-old former Internal Revenue Collector for Arkansas, became this state's 33rd governor today...
  223. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 92.
  224. ^ "Benjamin Travis Laney". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  225. ^ Forgey, Tom (May 21, 2019). "Benjamin Travis Laney Jr. (1896–1977)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  226. ^ "'Bills Must Be Paid' Laney Reminds Arkansas in Inaugural Address". Baxter Bulletin. January 12, 1945. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  227. ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 92–93.
  228. ^ "Sidney Sanders McMath". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  229. ^ Williams, C. Fred (January 3, 2023). "Sid McMath (1912–2003)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  230. ^ "Hot Springs Man Becomes 35th Governor". Hope Star. Associated Press. January 11, 1949. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  231. ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 93–94.
  232. ^ "Francis Adams Cherry". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  233. ^ Dougan, Michael B. (October 24, 2022). "Francis Adams Cherry (1908–1965)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  234. ^ Hatch, Leon (January 13, 1953). "New Governor Says Revision 'Best Solution'". The Courier News. Associated Press. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  235. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 94–95.
  236. ^ "Orval Eugene Faubus". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  237. ^ Reed, Roy (January 12, 2023). "Orval Eugene Faubus (1910–1994)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved December 22, 2023.
  238. ^ "Orval Faubus Inaugurated As Governor of Arkansas Outlines Plans for His Administration". The Daily World. Associated Press. January 11, 1955. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  239. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 95–96.
  240. ^ "Winthrop Rockefeller". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  241. ^ Dillard, Tom W. (January 2, 2023). "Winthrop Rockefeller (1912–1973)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  242. ^ "Winthrop Rockefeller Takes Oath As Governor; Faubus Says Goodbye". The Daily World. Associated Press. January 10, 1967. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  243. ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 96.
  244. ^ "Dale Bumpers". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  245. ^ Durning, Dan (July 6, 2022). "Dale Leon Bumpers (1925–2016)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  246. ^ Shaw, Robert (January 12, 1971). "Bumpers Sworn In As 38th State Governor". The El Dorado Times. Associated Press. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  247. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 96–97.
  248. ^ Bass, Harold F. (December 21, 2022). "Bob Cowley Riley (1924–1994)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  249. ^ "Bob Riley Sworn In". Northwest Arkansas Times. Associated Press. January 3, 1975. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  250. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 97–98.
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  256. ^ Simmons, Bill (January 7, 1979). "Legislature Convenes on Monday". The Daily World. Associated Press. p. 1. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  257. ^ a b "William Jefferson Clinton". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
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  259. ^ Nelson, Janet (January 11, 1979). "Gov. Clinton Takes Office". Baxter Bulletin. p. 1A. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  260. ^ "Frank D. White". National Governors Association. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
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