research-article

Vector graphics animation with time-varying topology

Authors:

Boris Dalstein,

Michiel van de PanneAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), Volume 34, Issue 4

Article No.: 145, Pages 1 - 12

https://doi.org/10.1145/2766913

Published: 27 July 2015 Publication History

Abstract

We introduce the Vector Animation Complex (VAC), a novel data structure for vector graphics animation, designed to support the modeling of time-continuous topological events. This allows features of a connected drawing to merge, split, appear, or disappear at desired times via keyframes that introduce the desired topological change. Because the resulting space-time complex directly captures the time-varying topological structure, features are readily edited in both space and time in a way that reflects the intent of the drawing. A formal description of the data structure is provided, along with topological and geometric invariants. We illustrate our modeling paradigm with experimental results on various examples.

Supplementary Material

ZIP File (a145-dalstein.zip)

Supplemental files

Download
204.24 MB

MP4 File (a145.mp4)

Download
21.74 MB

References

[1]

Agarwala, A., Hertzmann, A., Salesin, D. H., and Seitz, S. M. 2004. Keyframe-based tracking for rotoscoping and animation. ACM Trans. Graph. 23, 3, 584--591.

Digital Library

[2]

Alexa, M., Cohen-Or, D., and Levin, D. 2000. As-rigid-as-possible shape interpolation. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000, 157--164.

Digital Library

[3]

Asente, P., Schuster, M., and Pettit, T. 2007. Dynamic planar map illustration. ACM Trans. Graph. 26, 3, 30:1--30:10.

Digital Library

[4]

Baudelaire, P., and Gangnet, M. 1989. Planar maps: An interaction paradigm for graphic design. In Proceedings of CHI '89, 313--318.

Digital Library

[5]

Baxter, W., Barla, P., and Anjyo, K.-I. 2009. Compatible embedding for 2d shape animation. IEEE Trans. on Visualization and Computer Graphics 15, 5, 867--879.

Digital Library

[6]

Bénard, P., Lu, J., Cole, F., Finkelstein, A., and Thollot, J. 2012. Active strokes: Coherent line stylization for animated 3d models. In Proceedings of NPAR '12, 37--46.

Digital Library

[7]

Bénard, P., Hertzmann, A., and Kass, M. 2014. Computing smooth surface contours with accurate topology. ACM Trans. Graph. 33, 2, 19:1--19:21.

Digital Library

[8]

Blair, P. 1994. Cartoon animation. How to Draw and Paint Series. W. Foster Pub.

[9]

Bregler, C., Loeb, L., Chuang, E., and Deshpande, H. 2002. Turning to the masters: Motion capturing cartoons. ACM Trans. Graph. 21, 3, 399--407.

Digital Library

[10]

Buchholz, B., Faraj, N., Paris, S., Eisemann, E., and Boubekeur, T. 2011. Spatio-temporal analysis for parameterizing animated lines. In Proceedings of NPAR '11, 85--92.

Digital Library

[11]

Burtnyk, N., and Wein, M. 1971. Computer-generated keyframe animation. Journal of the Society of Motion Picture & Television Engineers 80, 3, 149--153.

[12]

Catmull, E. 1978. The problems of computer-assisted animation. SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph. 12, 3, 348--353.

Digital Library

[13]

Dalstein, B., Ronfard, R., and van de Panne, M. 2014. Vector graphics complexes. ACM Trans. Graph. 33, 4, 133:1--133:12.

Digital Library

[14]

de Floriani, L., Hui, A., Panozzo, D., and Canino, D. 2010. A dimension-independent data structure for simplicial complexes. In Proceedings of the 19th International Meshing Roundtable, 403--420.

[15]

de Juan, C. N., and Bodenheimer, B. 2006. Re-using traditional animation: methods for semi-automatic segmentation and inbetweening. In Proceedings of SCA '06, 223--232.

Digital Library

[16]

Eisemann, E., Paris, S., and Durand, F. 2009. A visibility algorithm for converting 3D meshes into editable 2D vector graphics. ACM Trans. Graph. 28, 3, 83:1--83:8.

Digital Library

[17]

Fausett, E., Pasko, A., and Adzhiev, V. 2000. Space-time and higher dimensional modeling for animation. In Proceedings of Computer Animation 2000, 140--145.

Digital Library

[18]

Fekete, J.-D., Bizouarn, E., Cournarie, E., Galas, T., and Taillefer, F. 1995. TicTacToon: A paperless system for professional 2D animation. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 95, 79--90.

Digital Library

[19]

Fiore, F. D., Schaeken, P., Elens, K., and Reeth, F. V. 2001. Automatic in-betweening in computer assisted animation by exploiting 2.5D modelling techniques. In Proceedings of Computer Animation 2001, 192--200.

[20]

Fu, H., Tai, C.-L., and Au, O. K.-c. 2005. Morphing with laplacian coordinates and spatial-temporal texture. In Proceedings of Pacific Graphics 2005, 100--102.

[21]

Igarashi, T., Moscovich, T., and Hughes, J. F. 2005. As-rigid-as-possible shape manipulation. ACM Trans. Graph. 24, 3, 1134--1141.

Digital Library

[22]

Karsch, K., and Hart, J. C. 2011. Snaxels on a plane. In Proceedings of NPAR '11, 35--42.

Digital Library

[23]

Koenderink, J. J., and Doorn, A. J. v. 2002. Image processing done right. In Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision, 158--172.

Digital Library

[24]

Kort, A. 2002. Computer aided inbetweening. In Proceedings of NPAR '02, 125--132.

Digital Library

[25]

Kwarta, V., and Rossignac, J. 2002. Space-time surface simplification and edgebreaker compression for 2D cel animations. International Journal of Shape Modeling 8, 2, 119--137.

[26]

Lasseter, J. 1987. Principles of traditional animation applied to 3d computer animation. SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph. 21, 4, 35--44.

Digital Library

[27]

Lienhardt, P. 1994. N-dimensional generalized combinatorial maps and cellular quasi-manifolds. International Journal of Computational Geometry & Applications 04, 03, 275--324.

[28]

Liu, D., Chen, Q., Yu, J., Gu, H., Tao, D., and Seah, H. S. 2011. Stroke correspondence construction using manifold learning. Computer Graphics Forum 30, 8, 2194--2207.

[29]

McCann, J., and Pollard, N. 2009. Local layering. ACM Trans. Graph. 28, 3, 84:1--84:7.

Digital Library

[30]

Ngo, T., Cutrell, D., Dana, J., Donald, B., Loeb, L., and Zhu, S. 2000. Accessible animation and customizable graphics via simplicial configuration modeling. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000, 403--410.

Digital Library

[31]

Noris, G., Sýkora, D., Coros, S., Whited, B., Simmons, M., Hornung, A., Gross, M., and Sumner, R. W. 2011. Temporal noise control for sketchy animation. In Proceedings of NPAR '11, 93--98.

Digital Library

[32]

Noris, G., Hornung, A., Sumner, R. W., Simmons, M., and Gross, M. 2013. Topology-driven vectorization of clean line drawings. ACM Trans. Graph. 32, 1, 4:1--4:11.

Digital Library

[33]

Orzan, A., Bousseau, A., Winnemöller, H., Barla, P., Thollot, J., and Salesin, D. 2008. Diffusion curves: A vector representation for smooth-shaded images. ACM Trans. Graph. 27, 3, 92:1--92:8.

Digital Library

[34]

Patterson, J. W., Taylor, C. D., and Willis, P. J. 2012. Constructing and rendering vectorised photographic images. The Journal of Virtual Reality and Broadcasting 9, 3.

[35]

Pesco, S., Tavares, G., and Lopes, H. 2004. A stratification approach for modeling two-dimensional cell complexes. Computers & Graphics 28, 2, 235--247.

[36]

Raveendran, K., Wojtan, C., Thuerey, N., and Turk, G. 2014. Blending liquids. ACM Trans. Graph. 33, 4, 137:1--137:10.

Digital Library

[37]

Reeves, W. T. 1981. Inbetweening for computer animation utilizing moving point constraints. SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph. 15, 3, 263--269.

Digital Library

[38]

Rivers, A., Igarashi, T., and Durand, F. 2010. 2.5D cartoon models. ACM Trans. Graph. 29, 4, 59:1--59:7.

Digital Library

[39]

Rossignac, J., and O'Connor, M. 1989. SGC: A Dimension-independent Model for Pointsets with Internal Structures and Incomplete Boundaries. Research report. IBM T. J. Watson Research Center.

[40]

Sebastian, T. B., Klein, P. N., and Kimia, B. B. 2003. On aligning curves. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 25, 1, 116--125.

Digital Library

[41]

Sederberg, T. W., Gao, P., Wang, G., and Mu, H. 1993. 2-D shape blending: an intrinsic solution to the vertex path problem. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 93, 15--18.

Digital Library

[42]

Southern, R. 2008. Animation manifolds for representing topological alteration. Tech. Rep. UCAM-CL-TR-723, University of Cambridge, Computer Laboratory.

[43]

Sýkora, D., Dingliana, J., and Collins, S. 2009. As-rigid-as-possible image registration for hand-drawn cartoon animations. In Proceedings of NPAR '09, 25--33.

Digital Library

[44]

Sýkora, D., Ben-Chen, M., Čadík, M., Whited, B., and Simmons, M. 2011. TexToons: practical texture mapping for hand-drawn cartoon animations. In Proceedings of NPAR '11, 75--84.

Digital Library

[45]

Thomas, F., and Johnston, O. 1987. Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life. Abbeville Press.

[46]

Weiler, K. 1985. Edge-based data structures for solid modeling in curved-surface environments. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 5, 1, 21--40.

Digital Library

[47]

Whited, B., Noris, G., Simmons, M., Sumner, R., Gross, M., and Rossignac, J. 2010. BetweenIT: An interactive tool for tight inbetweening. Computer Graphics Forum 29, 2, 605--614.

[48]

Yu, J., Bian, W., Song, M., Cheng, J., and Tao, D. 2012. Graph based transductive learning for cartoon correspondence construction. Neurocomputing 79, 0, 105--114.

Digital Library

[49]

Zhang, S.-H., Chen, T., Zhang, Y.-F., Hu, S.-M., and Martin, R. R. 2009. Vectorizing cartoon animations. IEEE Trans. on Visualization and Computer Graphics 15, 4, 618--629.

Digital Library

Cited By

Brodt KBessmeltsev M(2024)Skeleton-Driven Inbetweening of Bitmap Character DrawingsACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/368795543:6(1-19)Online publication date: 19-Dec-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3687955
Mo HGao CWang R(2024)Joint Stroke Tracing and Correspondence for 2D AnimationACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/364989043:3(1-17)Online publication date: 9-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3649890
Ciao SGuan ZLiu QWei LWang Z(2024)Ciallo: GPU-Accelerated Rendering of Vector Brush StrokesACM SIGGRAPH 2024 Conference Papers10.1145/3641519.3657418(1-11)Online publication date: 13-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3641519.3657418
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Vector graphics animation with time-varying topology
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Computer graphics

Recommendations

Retargeting vector animation for small displays
MUM '05: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Mobile and ubiquitous multimedia

We present a method that preserves the recognizability of key object interactions in a vector animation. The method allows an artist to author an animation once, and then output it to any display device. We specifically target mobile devices with small ...
Artist friendly facial animation retargeting

This paper presents a novel facial animation retargeting system that is carefully designed to support the animator's workflow. Observation and analysis of the animators' often preferred process of key-frame animation with blendshape models informed our ...
Artist friendly facial animation retargeting
SA '11: Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia Conference

This paper presents a novel facial animation retargeting system that is carefully designed to support the animator's workflow. Observation and analysis of the animators' often preferred process of key-frame animation with blendshape models informed our ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Graphics

ACM Transactions on Graphics Volume 34, Issue 4

August 2015

1307 pages

ISSN:0730-0301

EISSN:1557-7368

DOI:10.1145/2809654

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2015 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 27 July 2015

Published in TOG Volume 34, Issue 4

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

28
Total Citations
View Citations
724
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)57
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)9

Reflects downloads up to 22 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Brodt KBessmeltsev M(2024)Skeleton-Driven Inbetweening of Bitmap Character DrawingsACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/368795543:6(1-19)Online publication date: 19-Dec-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3687955
Mo HGao CWang R(2024)Joint Stroke Tracing and Correspondence for 2D AnimationACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/364989043:3(1-17)Online publication date: 9-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3649890
Ciao SGuan ZLiu QWei LWang Z(2024)Ciallo: GPU-Accelerated Rendering of Vector Brush StrokesACM SIGGRAPH 2024 Conference Papers10.1145/3641519.3657418(1-11)Online publication date: 13-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3641519.3657418
Huang JZhang FLiu MSi ZZhao Z(2024)A Novel Architecture for Image Vectorization with Increasing Granularity2024 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)10.1109/ICIP51287.2024.10647480(1560-1566)Online publication date: 27-Oct-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP51287.2024.10647480
Wang SLiu CPanozzo DZorin DJacobson A(2023)Bézier Spline Simplification Using Locally Integrated Error MetricsSIGGRAPH Asia 2023 Conference Papers10.1145/3610548.3618248(1-11)Online publication date: 10-Dec-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3610548.3618248
Willett NFleischer KBrown HE IMeyer M(2023)CurveCrafter: A System for Animated Curve ManipulationProceedings of the 36th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3586183.3606792(1-11)Online publication date: 29-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3586183.3606792
Chen JZhu XEven MBasset JBénard PBarla P(2023)Efficient Interpolation of Rough Line DrawingsComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1494642:7Online publication date: 5-Nov-2023
https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.14946
Even MBénard PBarla P(2023)Non‐linear Rough 2D Animation using Transient EmbeddingsComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1477142:2(411-425)Online publication date: 23-May-2023
https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.14771
Song DPark JKim Y(2023)SSK: Robotic Pen-Art System for Large, Nonplanar CanvasIEEE Transactions on Robotics10.1109/TRO.2023.326858539:4(3106-3119)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TRO.2023.3268585
Chen SZwicker M(2022)Improving the Perceptual Quality of 2D Animation InterpolationComputer Vision – ECCV 202210.1007/978-3-031-19790-1_17(271-287)Online publication date: 23-Oct-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-031-19790-1_17
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents