Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
10.1145/3613905.3650845acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageschiConference Proceedingsconference-collections
Work in Progress

"A New Golden Era" or "Slap Comps": How Non-Profit Driven Indie Game Developers Perceive the Emerging Role of Generative AI in Game Development

Published: 11 May 2024 Publication History

Abstract

While the boom in generative AI technologies continues to transform modern creative work, it also introduces new and urgent risks. We endeavor to unpack these complicated phenomena by focusing on how non-profit driven indie game developers perceive the opportunities and challenges of using generative AI for their creative practices. Based on qualitative analysis of 1,540 posts and comments from online forums dedicated to this creative community, we provide early empirical evidence of the potential for generative AI to shape the trajectory of creative technology communities such as non-profit driven indie game developers. These insights may inform future research regarding AI’s impacts on the nature of creative work and the growth of creative workforces in technology, which may also help design future AI technologies to support rather than harm these creative communities.

Supplemental Material

References

[1]
2023. Generative Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Law. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/LSB/LSB10922/1
[2]
Claus Bossen and Kathleen H Pine. 2023. Batman and Robin in Healthcare Knowledge Work: Human-AI Collaboration by Clinical Documentation Integrity Specialists. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 30, 2 (2023), 1–29.
[3]
Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2012. Thematic analysis.American Psychological Association.
[4]
Aleena Chia. 2022. The artist and the automaton in digital game production. Convergence 28, 2 (2022), 389–412.
[5]
Rupa Dash, Mark McMurtrey, Carl Rebman, and Upendra K Kar. 2019. Application of artificial intelligence in automation of supply chain management. Journal of Strategic Innovation and Sustainability 14, 3 (2019), 43–53.
[6]
Juqing Deng and Xiaofen Chen. 2021. Research on artificial intelligence interaction in computer-aided arts and crafts. Mobile Information Systems 2021 (2021), 1–14.
[7]
Stephanie J Fisher and Alison Harvey. 2013. Intervention for inclusivity: Gender politics and indie game development. Loading... 7, 11 (2013).
[8]
Guo Freeman, Jeffrey Bardzell, Shaowen Bardzell, and Nathan McNeese. 2020. Mitigating Exploitation: Indie Game Developers’ Reconfigurations of Labor in Technology. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 4, CSCW1 (2020), 1–23.
[9]
Guo Freeman, Lingyuan Li, Nathan Mcneese, and Kelsea Schulenberg. 2023. Understanding and Mitigating Challenges for Non-Profit Driven Indie Game Development to Innovate Game Production. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–16.
[10]
Guo Freeman, Nathan McNeese, Jeffrey Bardzell, and Shaowen Bardzell. 2020. " Pro-Amateur"-Driven Technological Innovation: Participation and Challenges in Indie Game Development. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 4, GROUP (2020), 1–22.
[11]
Maria B Garda and Paweł Grabarczyk. 2016. Is every indie game independent? Towards the concept of independent game. Game Studies 16, 1 (2016).
[12]
Katy Ilonka Gero, Tao Long, and Lydia B Chilton. 2023. Social dynamics of AI support in creative writing. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–15.
[13]
Maliheh Ghajargar, Jeffrey Bardzell, and Love Lagerkvist. 2022. A redhead walks into a bar: experiences of writing fiction with artificial intelligence. In Proceedings of the 25th international academic MindTrek conference. 230–241.
[14]
Pawel Grabarczyk. 2016. Is every indie game independent? Towards the concept of independent game. Game Studies 16, 1 (2016).
[15]
Orlando Guevara-Villalobos. 2015. Independent gamework and identity: Problems and subjective nuances. In DiGRA Conference.
[16]
Brett A Halperin and Stephanie M Lukin. 2023. Envisioning Narrative Intelligence: A Creative Visual Storytelling Anthology. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–21.
[17]
Brendan Keogh. 2021. 1. Hobbyist Game Making Between Self-Exploitation and Self-Emancipation. Game Production Studies (2021), 29.
[18]
Hye-Kyung Lee. 2022. Rethinking creativity: creative industries, AI and everyday creativity. Media, Culture & Society 44, 3 (2022), 601–612.
[19]
Yang Lu. 2019. Artificial intelligence: a survey on evolution, models, applications and future trends. Journal of Management Analytics 6, 1 (2019), 1–29.
[20]
Lingjuan Lyu. 2023. A pathway towards responsible AI generated content. In Proceedings of the Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 7033–7038.
[21]
Chase Bowen Martin and Mark Deuze. 2009. The independent production of culture: A digital games case study. Games and culture 4, 3 (2009), 276–295.
[22]
Nora McDonald, Sarita Schoenebeck, and Andrea Forte. 2019. Reliability and inter-rater reliability in qualitative research: Norms and guidelines for CSCW and HCI practice. Proceedings of the ACM on human-computer interaction 3, CSCW (2019), 1–23.
[23]
Sharan B Merriam and Elizabeth J Tisdell. 2015. Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley & Sons.
[24]
Midjourney. 2022. Midjourney. https://www.midjourney.com
[25]
Michael Muller, Lydia B Chilton, Anna Kantosalo, Charles Patrick Martin, and Greg Walsh. 2022. GenAICHI: generative AI and HCI. In CHI conference on human factors in computing systems extended abstracts. 1–7.
[26]
OpenAI. 2022. ChatGPT. https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt
[27]
OpenAI. 2022. DALL-E 2. https://openai.com/dall-e-2
[28]
Felan Parker, Jennifer R Whitson, and Bart Simon. 2018. Megabooth: The cultural intermediation of indie games. new media & society 20, 5 (2018), 1953–1972.
[29]
Sida Peng, Eirini Kalliamvakou, Peter Cihon, and Mert Demirer. 2023. The impact of ai on developer productivity: Evidence from github copilot. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.06590 (2023).
[30]
Lucas Ropek. 2023. Valve All But Bans Steam Games From Using AI-Generated Content. https://gizmodo.com/valve-bans-ai-generated-content-from-steam-games-1850601741
[31]
Paolo Ruffino. 2020. Independent Videogames: Cultures, Networks, Techniques and Politics. Routledge.
[32]
Bart Simon. 2013. Indie Eh? Some Kind of Game Studies.Loading... 7, 11 (2013).
[33]
Olli Sotamaa and Jan Svelch. 2021. Game production studies. Amsterdam University Press.
[34]
Unity. 2023. Unity AI. https://create.unity.com/ai-beta
[35]
Maarten Van Mechelen, Rachel Charlotte Smith, Marie-Monique Schaper, Mariana Tamashiro, Karl-Emil Bilstrup, Mille Lunding, Marianne Graves Petersen, and Ole Sejer Iversen. 2023. Emerging technologies in K–12 education: A future HCI research agenda. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 30, 3 (2023), 1–40.
[36]
Vice. 2022. Can AI-Generated Art Replace Creative Humans?https://www.vice.com/en/article/epzkwm/artificial-intelligence-art-creatives-ai
[37]
Emma Westecott. 2013. Independent game development as craft. Loading… The Journal of the Canadian Game Studies Association 7, 11 (2013), 78–91.
[38]
Jennifer R Whitson, Bart Simon, and Felan Parker. 2021. The Missing Producer: Rethinking indie cultural production in terms of entrepreneurship, relational labour, and sustainability. European Journal of Cultural Studies 24, 2 (2021), 606–627.
[39]
Zhuohao Wu, Danwen Ji, Kaiwen Yu, Xianxu Zeng, Dingming Wu, and Mohammad Shidujaman. 2021. AI creativity and the human-AI co-creation model. In Human-Computer Interaction. Theory, Methods and Tools: Thematic Area, HCI 2021, Held as Part of the 23rd HCI International Conference, HCII 2021, Virtual Event, July 24–29, 2021, Proceedings, Part I 23. Springer, 171–190.
[40]
Chao Zhang, Cheng Yao, Jiayi Wu, Weijia Lin, Lijuan Liu, Ge Yan, and Fangtian Ying. 2022. StoryDrawer: A Child–AI Collaborative Drawing System to Support Children’s Creative Visual Storytelling. In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–15.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)"I'm a Solo Developer but AI is My New Ill-Informed Co-Worker": Envisioning and Designing Generative AI to Support Indie Game DevelopmentProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36770828:CHI PLAY(1-26)Online publication date: 15-Oct-2024
  • (2024)Generating Together: Lessons Learned from Developing an Educational Visual Novel with AI Collaboration2024 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG)10.1109/CoG60054.2024.10645553(1-8)Online publication date: 5-Aug-2024

Index Terms

  1. "A New Golden Era" or "Slap Comps": How Non-Profit Driven Indie Game Developers Perceive the Emerging Role of Generative AI in Game Development

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    CHI EA '24: Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
    May 2024
    4761 pages
    ISBN:9798400703317
    DOI:10.1145/3613905
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 11 May 2024

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. Creativity
    2. Game Development
    3. Generative AI
    4. Indie Game Development

    Qualifiers

    • Work in progress
    • Research
    • Refereed limited

    Conference

    CHI '24

    Acceptance Rates

    Overall Acceptance Rate 6,164 of 23,696 submissions, 26%

    Upcoming Conference

    CHI '25
    CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
    April 26 - May 1, 2025
    Yokohama , Japan

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)788
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)214
    Reflects downloads up to 29 Nov 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)"I'm a Solo Developer but AI is My New Ill-Informed Co-Worker": Envisioning and Designing Generative AI to Support Indie Game DevelopmentProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36770828:CHI PLAY(1-26)Online publication date: 15-Oct-2024
    • (2024)Generating Together: Lessons Learned from Developing an Educational Visual Novel with AI Collaboration2024 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG)10.1109/CoG60054.2024.10645553(1-8)Online publication date: 5-Aug-2024

    View Options

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Full Text

    View this article in Full Text.

    Full Text

    HTML Format

    View this article in HTML Format.

    HTML Format

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media