ni

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ni"

Languages (87)

Abinomn • Afar • Ainu • Albanian • Anguthimri • Aromanian • Asturian • Atong (India) • Bambara • Basque • Biloxi • Breton • Catalan • Czech • Danish • Drung • Dumbea • Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl • Esperanto • French • Gothic • Hanunoo • Hausa • Hungarian • Idi • Ido • Ingrian • Interlingua • Italian • Japanese • Kamano • Kansa • Kedah Malay • Klao • Laboya • Latin • Ligurian • Livonian • Lolopo • Luxembourgish • Malay • Mandarin • Marshallese • Middle English • Middle Irish • Mizo • Mohegan-Pequot • Mokilese • Navajo • Naxi • Ningil • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Nutabe • Old Czech • Old High German • Old Irish • Omaha-Ponca • Phalura • Polish • Portuguese • Proto-Norse • Rawang • Romanian • Samoan • Serbo-Croatian • Sicilian • Slovene • Spanish • Swahili • Swedish • Tagalog • Tarifit • Tokelauan • Unami • Ura (Vanuatu) • Uzbek • Veps • Vietnamese • Welsh • West Makian • Wutunhua • Yil • Yoruba • Zou • Zulu

Page categories

Remove ads

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA or enPR then please add some!

Audio (General American): (file)

Noun

ni

(grammar) Initialism of noun inanimate.

Anagrams

-in, -in', IN, i'n, in, in-

Pronoun

ni

you (singular)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈni/ [ˈnɪ]

Determiner

ní

our
- Saytun Qhuraan kee kay maqnah tarjamaty Qafar afal tani [The clear Qur'an and its explanation translated into the Afar language]‎, Suurat Al-Faatica, verse 5:
  Diggah nanu Ni Rabbow koo inkittosnaah Qibaada dibuk koo caglisna, nanu ni-caagiidah inkih cato koo esserra.
  Our God, with strength we make you whole, only you we give [our] adoration, we as one ask you for help with our afairs.

References

E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “ni”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Remove ads

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /nʲi/

Noun

ni (Kana spelling ニ)

tree
wood

Synonyms

cikuni

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *nū, from Proto-Indo-European *nū (“now”). Cognate to Sanskrit नू (nū, “now”).^[1] Often occurs in coordination with other particles, compare tani, nani, nime.

Adverb

ni

now
Synonyms: tash, tani, hë, nani, nime

Related terms

nu

References

[1]
Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 206

Noun

ni

(Mpakwithi) place
(Mpakwithi) camp

References

Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 187

Alternative forms

nã

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin nīs, from Latin nos. Compare Romanian ne (older form nă).

Pronoun

ni (unstressed accusative and reflexive form of noi)

(direct object, first-person plural) us

Related terms

noi (stressed accusative)

Pronoun

ni (unstressed dative and reflexive form of noi)

(indirect object, first-person plural) (to) us

Related terms

nau (stressed dative)

Noun

ni f (uncountable)

nu (name for the letter of the Greek alphabet: Ν and ν)

Etymology

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *nɯi⁴ (“two”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s (“two”). Cognate with S'gaw Karen ခံ (khee), Tibetan གཉིས (gnyis), Sikkimese ཉི (nyi), Nuosu ꑍ (nyip), Burmese နှစ် (hnac).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ni/

Numeral

ni (Bengali script নি)

two

Synonyms

References

van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

Etymology 1

Noun

ni

soul, life, spirit

Etymology 2

Conjunction

ni

if
Ni taara sugu la, i bɛ ne ba ye.
If you go to the market, you will see my mother
when

References

Richard Nci Diarra, Lexique bambara-français-anglais, December 13, 2010

Etymology

From Proto-Basque *ni.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ni/ [ni]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -i
Hyphenation: ni

Pronoun

ni

First-person singular personal pronoun; I
- c. 1808, Juan Bautista Aguirre, Eracusaldiac [Lessons]‎, Tolosa, published 1850, page 473:
  […] Jauna: ez naiz ni beñere izan zu neure viotzean artzeco diña […]
  [ […] Jauna, ez naiz ni beñere izan zu nere biotzean artzeko diña […] ]
  […] Lord, not even once have I been worth of belonging to your heart […]
- 1989, Gorka Aulestia, Basque-English Dictionary, Douglas: William A, page 53:
  Ni errege izan nintzen.
  I was king.
- 2013, Patricio Urquizu Sarasua, Gramática de la lengua vasca, Universidad Nacional de Educación de Distancia, page 154:
  Ni etorri naiz.
  I have come.

Declension

More information Common pronouns, singular ...

Common pronouns
	singular			plural
	1st person	2nd person (informal)	2nd person (neutral)	1st person	2nd person
absolutive	ni	hi	zu	gu	zuek
ergative	nik	hik	zuk	guk	zuek
dative	niri	hiri	zuri	guri	zuei
genitive	nire, ene	hire	zure	gure	zuen
comitative	nirekin, enekin	hirekin	zurekin	gurekin	zuekin
causative	nigatik, niregatik, enegatik	higatik, hiregatik	zugatik, zuregatik	gugatik, guregatik	zuengatik
benefactive	niretzat, niretako, enetzat,enetako	hiretzat, hiretako	zuretzat, zuretako	guretzat, guretako	zuentzat, zuendako
instrumental	nitaz	hitaz	zutaz	gutaz	zuetaz
inessive	nigan, niregan, nire baitan, nitan, enegan, ene baitan	higan, hiregan, hire baitan, hitan	zugan, zuregan, zure baitan, zutan	gugan, guregan, gure baitan, gutan	zuengan, zuen baitan, zuetan
locative	nire baitako, ene baitako	hire baitako	gu baitako, gure baitako	zu baitako, zure baitako	zuen baitako
allative	niregana, nireganat, nire baitara, nire baitarat, enegana, eneganat, ene baitara, ene baitarat	hiregana, hireganat, hire baitara, hire baitarat	zugana, zuregana, zuganat, zureganat, zu baitara, zure baitara, zu baitarat, zure baitarat	gugana, guregana, guganat, gureganat, gu baitara, gure baitara, gu baitarat, gure baitarat	zuengana, zuenganat, zuen baitara, zuen baitarat
terminative	nireganaino, nire baitaraino, eneganaino	higanaino, hireganaino, hire baitaraino	zuganaino, zureganaino, zu baitaraino, zure baitaraino	guganaino, gureganaino, gu baitaraino, gure baitaraino	zuenganaino, zuen baitaraino
directive	niganantz, nireganantz, eneganantz	higanantz, hireganantz	zuganantz, zureganantz	guganantz, gureganantz	zuenganantz
destinative	niganako, nireganako, eneganako	higanako, hireganako	zuganako, zureganako	guganako, gureganako	zuenganako
ablative	nireganik, niregandik, nire baitatik, nire baitarik, eneganik, enegandik, ene baitatik, ene baitarik	higanik, hireganik, higandik, hiregandik, hire baitatik, hire baitarik	zuganik, zureganik, zugandik, zuregandik, zu baitatik, zu baitarik, zure baitatik, zure baitarik	guganik, gureganik, gugandik, guregandik, gu baitatik, gu baitarik, gure baitatik, gure baitarik	zuenganik, zuengandik, zuen baitatik, zuen baitarik
Emphatic pronouns
absolutive	neu	heu	zeu	geu	zeuek
ergative	neuk	heuk	zeuk	geuk	zeuek
dative	neuri	heuri	zeuri	geuri	zeuei
genitive	neure	heure	zeure	geure	zeuen
comitative	neurekin	heurekin	zeurekin	geurekin	zeuekin
causative	neugatik, neuregatik	heugatik, heuregatik	zugatik, zuregatik	gugatik, guregatik	zuengatik
benefactive	neuretzat, neuretako	heuretzat, heuretako	zeuretzat, zeuretako	geuretzat, geuretako	zeuentzat, zeuendako
instrumental	neutaz	heutaz	zeutaz	geutaz	zeuetaz
inessive	neugan	heuregan, heure baitan	zeugan, zeuregan	geugan, geuregan	zeuengan
locative	neure baitako	heure baitako	zeure baitako	geure baitako	zeuen baitako
allative	neuregana	heugana, heuregana, heure baitara, heure baitarat	zeugana, zeuregana	geugana, geuregana	zeuengana
terminative	neuregaino	heuganaino, heureganaino, heure baitaraino	zeuganaino, zeureganaino	geuganaino, geureganaino	zeuenganaino
directive	neuganantz	heuganantz, heureganantz	zeuganantz, zeureganantz	geuganantz, geureganantz	zeuenganantz
destinative	neureganako	heuganako, heureganako	zeuganako, zeureganako	geuganako, geureganako	zeuenganako
ablative	neuganik, neugandik	heuganik, heureganik, heugandik, heuregandik, heure baitatik, heure baitarik	zeuganik, zeureganik, zeugandik, zeuregandik	geuganik, geureganik, geugandik, geuregandik	zeuenganik, zeuengandik

Close

Declension of Basque personal pronouns

Derived terms

neu
ni beldur
niganatu (“to bring closer to me”)
nihaur
nik al dakit (“who knows”)
nik dakita (“who knows”)
nik uste (“I suppose”)
niketz
niretar (“my family, my associates”)
niretu
nirezko
nitasun

Noun

ni

Synonym of ani (“water”)

References

David Kaufman, Tanêks-Tąyosą Kadakathi: Biloxi-English Dictionary (University of Kansas, 2011, →ISBN, page 34

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *ni, from Proto-Celtic *snīs.

Pronoun

ni

we (first-person plural personal pronoun)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Brythonic *nei, from Proto-Celtic *neɸūss, from Proto-Indo-European *népōts.

Noun

ni m (plural nied)

nephew

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ni]
Rhymes: -i

Etymology 1

Conjunction

ni

neither, nor

Adverb

ni

not even, even

Etymology 2

Noun

ni f (plural nis)

nu; the Greek letter Ν (lowercase ν)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈɲɪ]

Pronoun

ni f

accusative singular of ona

**Danish cardinal numbers**
< 8	9	10 >
Cardinal : ni Ordinal : niende

Etymology

From Old Norse níu, from Proto-Germanic *newun, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥ (“nine”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /niː/, [niːˀ]

Numeral

ni

nine

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj.

Noun

ni

day

References

Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung‎, Santa Barbara: University of California

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ni/

Pronoun

ni

they

References

Leenhardt, M. (1946) Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie. Cited in: "ⁿDuᵐbea" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
Shintani, T.L.A. & Païta, Y. (1990) Dictionnaire de la langue de Païta, Nouméa: Sociéte d'etudes historiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Cited in: "Drubea" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.

Determiner

ni

this.

Pronoun

ni

this.

Etymology

From Italian noi, French nous, Spanish nos, Latin nos, plus the i of personal pronouns.

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)
IPA^(key): /ni/

Pronoun

ni (first-person plural, accusative nin, possessive nia)

we (first-person plural personal pronoun)
Ni batis lin.
We hit him.
ourselves
Ni diris al ni.
We said to ourselves.

Etymology

From Middle French ny, from Old French ne, from Latin nec. Compare Italian né, Catalan and Spanish ni, Portuguese nem.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ni/
Audio: (file)

Conjunction

ni

neither; nor
- 1898, Revue du monde invisible, page 339:
  Notre imagination, si ardente qu’on la suppose, ne peut ni guérir instantanément une lésion organique, ni ressusciter un mort.
  Our imagination, so ardent as we suppose, can neither instantaneously heal an organic lesion, nor resuscitate the dead.
- 1876, Bulletins et mémoires de la Société médicale des hôpitaux de Paris, Volume 12:
  […] les constitutions accidentelles ou intercurrentes ne sont ni moins importantes ni plus faciles à expliquer.
  […] accidental or intercurrent constitutions are neither less important nor easier to explain.
- c. 1656–1662, Blaise Pascal, “Preuves par discours I – Papier original : RO 3-1 r° / v° et RO 7-1 r° / v°”, in Pensées [Thoughts]‎:
  Mais nous ne connaissons ni l’existence ni la nature de Dieu, parce qu’il n’a ni étendue, ni bornes.
  But we know neither the existence nor the nature of God, because He has neither extent nor limits.

Usage notes

Used with the negative particle ne.
Chiefly used at least twice in the same sentence the same way neither and nor would be used in an English sentence, such as ni riche, ni pauvre (“neither rich nor poor”).

Derived terms

Romanization

ni

Romanization of 𐌽𐌹

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *ni (“marker of possession”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈni/ [ˈni]
Rhymes: -i
Syllabification: ni

Preposition

ni (Hanunoo spelling ᜨᜲ)

of; by
ti luka ni Bado ― lime tube of Bado

Kinaon ni Bado ti burot.
The wild yam was eaten by Bado.

Alternative forms

níi

Etymology

From Proto-Chadic, from Proto-Afroasiatic *ʔanāku.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /níː/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [níː]

Pronoun

nī

I (1st person singular pronoun)

Etymology

Native word of debated origin:^[1]

Shortened from nézd (“look!”) ~ nízd (a dialectal variant).
An onomatopoeia expressing astonishment.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈni]
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: ni

Interjection

ni

(colloquial) lo!, look!
Itt van ni! ― Look! Here it is!

Usage notes

Most of the time it is used in its duplicated form: nini!

References

[1]
ni in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

Noun

ni

water

References

Idi Organised Phonology Data

Pronoun

ni

(personal) we (first-person plural personal pronoun)

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈni/, [ˈni]

(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈni/, [ˈni]

Rhymes: -i

Hyphenation: ni

Conjunction

ni

Alternative form of niin
- 1937, V. A. Tetjurev, translated by N. I. Molotsova, Loonnontiito (ensimäin osa): oppikirja alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 6:
  Jot saavva tiitä mitä ono pintamaas, ni pittää tehä mokomat oopьtat.
  In order to get to know what is in the topsoil, (that's why) it's important to perform such experiments.

References

Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 340

Alternative forms

nec

Etymology

From French and Spanish ni, from Latin nec (“and not”).

Adverb

ni

and not.
Io non sape, ni vole saper ― I don’t know, and I don’t want to know
Neither, nor.
Illo ni me place ni displace ― It neither pleases me nor displeases me
And, or (following a "with no" or "without").
Nos debe resister sin aqua ni alimento ― We must resist with no water or food

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈni/
Rhymes: -i
Hyphenation: nì

Etymology 1

Blend of no +‎ sì.

Adverb

ni

(informal) neither yes nor no

Etymology 2

Italian Wikipedia has an article on:

ni

Wikipedia ^it

Noun

ni m or f (invariable)

nu (Greek letter)

Anagrams

in, in-

Romanization

ni

The hiragana syllable に (ni) or the katakana syllable ニ (ni) in Hepburn romanization.

Alternative forms

nina

Noun

ni

water

References

The Papuan Languages of New Guinea (1986, →ISBN

Etymology

From Proto-Siouan *wa-rį́• (“water”).

Noun

ni

References

Kansa dictionary
Quapaw dictionary, in notes: "ni (ni) - water, river, liquid (Kanza)"

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ni/

Pronoun

ni

you (singular)

Noun

ni

water

References

World Lexicon of Grammaticalization (2002, →ISBN

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [niː]

Noun

ni

coconut

References

Allahverdi Verdizade (2019) “ni”, in Lamboya word list‎, Leiden: LexiRumah

Etymology

From Old Latin nei, from Proto-Italic *nei, from Proto-Indo-European *néy (“not”), from *ne. Cognates include Gothic 𐌽𐌴𐌹 (nei), Lithuanian nei, Old Church Slavonic ни (ni), Old Irish ní and Sanskrit न (ná). See also nē.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /niː/, [niː]

(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ni/, [niː]

Adverb

nī (not comparable)

not, if...not, unless- an absolutely negative particle like ne so only in combinations

Derived terms

quid nī? (why not?)
nīmīrum (not wonderful)
nisi

Conjunction

nī

not, that not, unless; like ne in imperative and intentional clauses
Ni quid tibi hinc in spem referas. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Vinum aliudve quid ni laudato. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Numa constituit, ut pisces, qui squamosi non essent, ni pollucerent ... ni qui ad polluctum emerent. ― Numa ordained scaleless fish not to be served nor bought for serving.

Etymology

From Latin nec.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ni/

Conjunction

ni

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *nügüt. Cognates include Finnish nyt.

Adverb

ni

now

Etymology

From Proto-Loloish *(ʔ)-ne¹, from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔnəj¹/³, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj (“sun; day”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ni³³]

Noun

ni

(Yao'an) day

References

Merrifield, Judith, Merrifield, Scott (2018) “Query for ni”, in Yao'an Loxrlavu – English Dictionary (in Chinese), SIL International

Etymology

From Middle High German nie, from Old High German nio. Cognate with German nie.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /niː/

Adverb

ni

never

Synonyms

(never): nimools, keemol, keemools

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ni/
Rhymes: -ni, -i

Determiner

ni (Jawi spelling ني)

Colloquial form of ini

Pronoun

ni (Jawi spelling ني)

Colloquial form of ini

Romanization

ni

Nonstandard spelling of nī.
Nonstandard spelling of ní.
Nonstandard spelling of nǐ.
Nonstandard spelling of nì.

Usage notes

Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Etymology

From Proto-Micronesian *niu, from Proto-Oceanic *niuʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *niuʀ.

Pronunciation

(phonetic) IPA^(key): [nʲi]
(phonemic) IPA^(key): /nʲij/
Bender phonemes: {niy}

Noun

ni

coconut tree

Related terms

iu (coconut)

References

Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

Adverb

ni

Alternative form of ne

Conjunction

ni

Alternative form of ne

Particle

ni

Alternative spelling of ní

Etymology 1

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *nii (“sun; day”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj (“sun; day”).

Noun

ni

Etymology 2

Noun

ni

aunt

References

Lorrain, J. Herbert (1940) “ni”, in Dictionary of the Lushai language, Calcutta: Asiatic Society

Pronoun

ni (first person singular)

singular first-person pronoun I

Etymology

From Proto-Micronesian *niu, from Proto-Oceanic *niuʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *niuʀ.

Noun

ni

coconut tree

Derived terms

References

Harrison, Sheldon P., Mokilese-English Dictionary, University of Hawaii Press 1977

Pronoun

ni

second person singular pronoun you
Shí dóó ni ayóo ałk’is niidlį́.
You and I are really good friends.
second person singular possessive pronoun yours
Díí naaltsoos éí ni.
This book is yours.

Usage notes

The verb in Navajo incorporates information about person, and many sentences may thus not have explicit independent pronouns. For instance:

Hooghandi naniná.
Ni éí hooghandi naniná.

Both sentences are grammatically complete, and mean essentially the same thing: you are at home. The verb naniná is in the second-person form, so the pronoun can be safely omitted, as in the first sentence. This is similar to pronoun dropping in other languages where the verb specifies person, such as Spanish. Meanwhile, the explicit use of ni in the second sentence emphasizes that the speaker is talking about you. This can be thought of as roughly equivalent to the use of emphasis in English: while the first sentence comes across as you're at home, the second one is more like you, you're at home.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋja.

Noun

ni

fish

Etymology 2

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s.

Numeral

ni

two

References

Naxi Dictionary by T.M. Pinson, Lijiang 2012

Noun

ni

water

References

transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66 : /niː/
Margaret Manning, Naomi Saggers, A Tentative Phonemic Analysis of Ningil (SIL), in Phonologies of five Austronesian languages (Richard Loving, John M. Clifton; 1975) : /ni/

**Norwegian Bokmål cardinal numbers**
< 8	9	10 >
Cardinal : ni Ordinal : niende

Etymology

From Old Norse níu (whence also Danish ni, Icelandic níu, Faroese níggju and Swedish nio) from Proto-Germanic *newun, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥. Cognate with Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽 (niun); Old English niġon (English nine); Old Frisian nigun (West Frisian njoggen); Old High German niun (German neun).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ni/

Numeral

ni

nine

Derived terms

Related terms

niende

References

“ni” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

**Norwegian Nynorsk cardinal numbers**
< 8	9	10 >
Cardinal : ni Ordinal : niande

Alternative forms

nio, nie (dialectal)

Etymology

From Old Norse níu.

Numeral

ni

nine

Derived terms

References

“ni” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Noun

ni

water

References

Paul Rivet, Nouvelle contribution à l’étude de l’ethnologie précolombienne de Colombie, Journal de la Société des Américanistes volume 35, pages 25-39 (1943), page 26

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈɲi/

IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈɲi/

Pronoun

ni

dual accusative of oně

Alternative forms

ne

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ne.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ni/

Particle

ni

not

Derived terms

nein

Descendants

Middle High German: ne
- German: nee (dialectal)

Particle

ni

Alternative spelling of ní

Etymology

From Proto-Siouan *wa-rį́• (“water”).

Noun

ni

water

References

Alice Cunningham Fletcher, Francis La Flesche, The Omaha Tribe (1970), page 166

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ni/

Determiner

ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)

this (agr: prox fem / prox non-nom masc)

References

Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “ni”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ni/

Determiner

ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)

these (agr: prox)

References

Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “ni”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ni/

Pronoun

ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)

it
she (prox fem nom)

References

Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “ni”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ni/

Pronoun

ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)

they (prox nom)

References

Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “ni”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

ni

Wikipedia ^pl

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɲi/

(Lesser Poland):
- (Przemyśl) IPA^(key): [ˈɲi]

Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -i
Syllabification: ni
Homophone: -ni

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ni.

Conjunction

ni

(archaic) Alternative form of ani

Derived terms

Particle

ni

(dialectal, Przemyśl) Alternative form of nie

Etymology 2

See ny.

Noun

ni n (indeclinable)

Alternative form of ny

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek νῦ (nû).

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈni/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈni/

Hyphenation: ni

Noun

ni m (plural nis)

nu (the thirteenth letter of the Greek alphabet)

Romanization

ni

Romanization of ᚾᛁ

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ni˧/

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

vni

Verb

ni

to pour; to water.

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

vni

Noun

ni

headhair.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj. Cognate with Burmese နေ (ne) and နေ့ (ne.), Old Chinese 日 (*njiɡ).

Noun

ni

day (24 hour).

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin.

Pronoun

ni

Alternative form of ne (dative of noi): to us

Usage notes

This form is used when ne (which is dative) is combined with the following accusatives:

îl (the accusative of el, contracted as ni-l)
îi (the accusative of ei, contracted as ni-i)
le (the accusative of ele)
se (the reflexive accusative of all third-person pronouns)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Hungarian ni.

Interjection

ni

(Transylvania) lo!, look!, behold!
Ni la el! ― Look at him!

Article

ni

some (plural indefinite article)

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ni (“nor, not”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nej, from Proto-Indo-European *ney. Compare ni-, ne.

Particle

ni (Cyrillic spelling ни)

(emphasizes negation) even, either
ni ja to ne znam — even I don't know that; I don't know that either

Nisam ni htio čuti njegov prijedlog.
I didn't even want to hear his proposal.

Conjunction

ni (Cyrillic spelling ни)

(shortening of niti) neither, nor
ona nije ni pametna ni(ti) marljiva — she is neither smart nor industrious

ni traga ni glasa o .. — not a trace about ..

ni kriv ni dužan — completely innocent (lit. neither guilty nor indebted)

Alternative forms

nni

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ni]
(unstressed) IPA^(key): [nɪ]

Pronoun

ni

Inflection

More information nominative, prepositional ...

nominative	nuàutri
prepositional	nuàutri
accusative	ni
dative	ni
reflexive	ni
possessive	nostru

Close

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /nìː/

Verb

ní

negative third-person singular present of bíti

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈni/ [ˈni]
Rhymes: -i
Syllabification: ni

Etymology 1

From Old Spanish nin, from Latin nec, apocopated form of neque, from Proto-Indo-European *nekʷe (“and not, neither, nor”), from *ne (“not”) + *-kʷe (“and”). Compare Asturian and Galician nin, Catalan and French ni, Portuguese nem, Italian né, Dalmatian ne. Indo-European cognates include Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌷 (nih) and Irish nach.

Conjunction

ni

(coordinating) neither... nor
Antonym: o ... o

No tengo ni dinero ni tiempo.
I have neither money nor time.
1. (with three or more referents) none of...
  Ni Juan, ni Pedro, ni Felipe te darán la razón.
  None of John, Peter, or Phillip will give you the reason.
nor, or
No descansa de día ni de noche.
He doesn't rest during the day nor during the night.

Derived terms

Adverb

ni

not even
No descansaba ni por un minuto
I didn't rest even for a minute.

Ni yo sé qué significa esta palabra.
Not even I know what this word means.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

ni f (plural níes)

nu; the Greek letter Ν, ν
Synonym: ny

Pronunciation

Audio (Kenya): (file)

Verb

ni

positive degree present and gnomic (all persons, numbers, and classes) of -wa (“to be”)

Etymology

Since 1661, through rebracketing of the 2nd plural verb suffix -(e)n and the older pronoun I ("ye"), e.g. vissten I > visste ni (“did you know”). Compare Icelandic þér and þið which developed similarly.

The Old Swedish ī, īr derives from Old Norse *īʀ (East Norse variant of ér) from Proto-Germanic *jīz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. Compare Danish I.

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)
IPA^(key): /niː/
Rhymes: -iː

Pronoun

ni

you (plural nominative)
Du är bara en person, men ni där borta är fyra personer
You are just one person, but you/you guys over there are four people
you (second-person singular nominative formal) (capitalized Ni, rare in modern use)
1. (obsolete) title used when addressing a person of lower social rank
  –Ni kan börja med att städa kontoret, fröken Andersson.
  –Javisst, Herr Direktör.
  –You can start with cleaning the office, miss Andersson.
  –Certainly, Mr. Director
2. (colloquial, perceived formal, derogatory to some) by some considered a respectful alternative to du (“you”), especially when addressing customers or the elderly
  Vill ni ha en påse med köpet?
  Do you want a bag with your purchase?

Usage notes

Both ni and er are second person plural forms, but can also be used as formal second person singular, as in the German Sie or French vous. It may sometimes also be capitalized (Ni, Er). The courteous "ni" was introduced in Swedish around the year 1900 as an alternative to the more complicated pattern of addressing others in the third person singular by their appropriate titles. This required knowledge of social status, occupation, educations, etc. with terms like fru (“Mrs.”) or fröken (“Ms.”), greve (“count”), kamrer (“accountant”), kandidat (“bachelor's degree holder”), etc. However this "ni-reform" was not well liked and when authority came to use the word ni to their subordinates the word got a condescending undertone. Interestingly enough the older I, from which ni was originally formed, was used alongside ni all along (and is still in use in some dialects) but never got the condescending undertone that ni got. This was all phased out gradually during the 1960s and 1970s in the so-called du-reformen, (“the you-reform”). In contemporary Swedish, du is universal and may be used to address anyone, regardless of differences in social status or age.

Ni is used occasionally by younger speakers to address customers in order to be formal and polite. However this is often seen as being overly formal and too contrived, even condescending and insulting, especially by older speakers. Formality and politeness in modern Swedish is not conveyed through specific grammatical forms, but primarily done through indirectness, manners of speaking or various other behaviors.

Declension

More information Number, Person ...

Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	Possessive
Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	common	neuter	plural
singular	first	—	jag	mig, mej³	min	mitt	mina
	second	—	du	dig, dej³	din	ditt	dina
	third	masculine (person)	han	honom, han², en⁵	hans
		feminine (person)	hon	henne, na⁵	hennes
		gender-neutral (person)¹	hen	hen, henom⁷	hens
		common (noun)	den	den	dess
		neuter (noun)	det	det	dess
		indefinite	man or en⁴	en	ens
		reflexive	—	sig, sej³	sin	sitt	sina
plural	first	—	vi	oss	vår, våran²	vårt, vårat²	våra
	second	—	ni	er	er, eran², ers⁶	ert, erat²	era
	second	archaic	I	eder	eder, eders⁶	edert	edra
	third	—	de, dom³	dem, dom³	deras
	third	reflexive	—	sig, sej³	sin	sitt	sina

Close

Swedish personal pronouns

¹Neologism. Usage has increased since 2010, though it remains limited.

²Informal

³Colloquial pronunciation spelling.

⁴Dialectal, also used lately as an alternative to man, to avoid association to the male gender.

⁵Informal, somewhat dialectal

⁶Formal address

⁷Discouraged by the Swedish Language Council

Synonyms

I

References

Anagrams

in

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ni/ [n̪ɪ]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -i
Syllabification: ni

Etymology 1

From Proto-Austronesian *ni (“marker of possession”).

Preposition

ni (plural nina, Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒ)

of; possessive particle, used only with personal names
bisikleta ni Juan ― Juan's bicycle
objective marker for personal names, objective form of si; functional equivalent of ng

Derived terms

ani

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish ni (“not even”), from Old Spanish nin, from Latin nec, apocopated form of neque.

Conjunction

ni (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒ)

neither; nor
Ni ako hindi nagsisigarilyo. ― Even I don't do cigarettes.

Ni aso ni pusa. ― Neither dog nor cat.

Related terms

ni ultimo

Adverb

ni (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒ)

not even
Synonym: ni ultimo

Hindi ako humingi ni isang butil ng bigas. ― I didn't ask not even for a single grain of rice.

Anagrams

-in, -in-, in-

Alternative forms

ney

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Verb

ni (Tifinagh spelling ⵏⵉ)

(intransitive) to mount (on an animal)
(intransitive) to get into, to board, to embark (a vehicle)

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

Verbal noun: tnaya (“mounting, boarding”)
Causative: sni (“to make board”)
- Verbal noun: aseniy
tnaya (“transport”)
amnay (“rider; cavalier, knight”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ni]
Hyphenation: ni

Etymology 1

From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *ni. Cognates include Tuvaluan ni and Samoan ni.

Article

ni

Plural indefinite article; any

Etymology 2

Particle

ni

Changes a statement into a polite question; isn't it? doesn't it?

References

R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎, Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 250

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ni]

Pronoun

ni

I

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ni/, [ni]

Noun

ni

tree

Particle

More information Other scripts, Yangi Imlo ...

Other scripts
Yangi Imlo
Cyrillic	ни‍
Latin	‍
Perso-Arabic (Afghanistan)

Close

ni

accusative case marker; placed after the direct object of a transitive verb
Men O'zbek tilini o'rganyapman.
I am studying Uzbek.

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian ни (ni).

Determiner

ni

not, not a, no

Inflection

Not inflected.

Conjunction

ni ... ni

neither ... nor

References

Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “ни”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Etymology

See này.

This is one of many cases in which monophthongs were not diphthongized in Central Vietnamese, compare mày vs. mi, chấy vs. chí, nước vs. nác.

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ni˧˧]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [nɪj˧˧]
(Saigon) IPA^(key): [nɪj˧˧]

Determiner

ni

(Central Vietnam) this

Adverb

ni

(Central Vietnam) now

Anagrams

in

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /niː/
Rhymes: -iː

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *ni, from Proto-Celtic *snīs.

Pronoun

ni

us; we

Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *nīs, from Proto-Indo-European *ne h₁ésti (“is not”).

Adverb

ni (triggers mixed mutation)

(literary) not
- 2004, Beibl Cymraeg Newydd Diwygiedig‎, Cymdeithas y Beibl, Genesis 21:26:
  Dywedodd Abimelech, “Ni wn i ddim pwy a wnaeth hyn; ni ddywedaist wrthyf, ac ni chlywais i sôn am y peth cyn heddiw.”
  Abimelech said, “I do not know who has done this; you did not tell me, and I did not hear anything about it until today.”

Usage notes

Triggers mixed mutation (i.e. aspirate of p, t, c and soft of remaining mutatable letters) of a following consonant.
The form nid is used before a vowel. When the following consonant is g, which disappears under soft mutation, the form ni remains, thus ni + gwn becomes ni wn, not *nid wn.
In literary registers, dim (“anything”) may be added (as ddim, with soft mutation) for emphasis, so ni chlywais i ddim may mean either “I did not hear anything” or simply “I did not hear”. In the colloquial language, ni is omitted but the mixed mutation remains, giving chlywais i ddim (“I didn't hear”).^[1]

References

[1]
Gareth King, editor (2000), “ni”, in Pocket Modern Oxford Welsh Dictionary: Welsh-English, Oxford University Press, →ISBN

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /n̪i/

Pronoun

ni (possessive prefix ni)

second-person singular pronoun, you

References

Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics

Etymology

From Mandarin 你 (nǐ).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [n̪i]

Pronoun

ni

you (second-person subject pronoun)

Noun

ni

water

References

transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66 : /niː/
A Tentative Phonemic Statement in Yil in West Sepik Province, in Phonologies of five Austronesian languages (Richard Loving, John M. Clifton; 1975) : /ni/

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /nĩ́/

Noun

ní

The name of the Latin-script letter N/n.

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

nẹ́ (Ondo, Ikalẹ)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /nĩ́/

Verb

ní

(transitive) to have

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /nĩ́/

Preposition

ní

at, in (used when no movement is implied)
preposition used for creating adverbials

Derived terms

lẹ́ẹ̀kan (“once”)
lẹ́yìn (“behind, except”)
lọ́dọọdún (“every year”)
lọ́jọ́ ọ̀la (“in the future”)
lọ́la (“tomorrow”)
lọ́sọ̀ọ̀sẹ̀ (“every week”)
lọ́sọ̀ọ̀sán (“every afternoon”)
lọ́sàn-án (“in the afternoon”)
lọ́tùn-ún-la (“the day after tomorrow”)
lábẹ́ (“under”)
lálaalẹ́ (“every evening”)
lálẹ́ (“in the evening”)
lánàá (“yesterday”)
láràárọ̀ (“every morning”)
láyé àtijọ́ (“historically”)
láàárọ̀ (“in the morning”)
lóde òní (“nowadays”)
lójoojúmọ́ (“everyday”)
lókè (“over, above”)
lónìí (“today”)
lópin (“at the end”)
lórí (“on top, on”)
lóòótọ́ (“in truth”)
ní báyìí (“at this time”)
níbẹ̀ (“there”)
níbẹ̀rẹ̀ (“at the start”)
níbikíbi (“anywhere”)
níbo (“where”)
níbí (“here”)
nígbà tí (“when”)
nígbàkugbà (“at any time”)
níjẹta (“two days ago”)
nílẹ̀ (“down”)
nílé (“at home”)
nínú (“inside”)
nípòkípò (“in any position”)
nísàlẹ̀ (“below, under”)
nítorí (“because of”)

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /nĩ́/

Verb

ní

(intransitive) to say

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /nĩ̄/

Verb

ni

(transitive) to be (to have a quality or identification)

Usage notes

This verb cannot be used with regular subject pronouns such as mo or ó, and emphatic subject pronouns must be used in their place. This verb is also often used in a flipped structure where the quality or identification becomes the grammatical subject of the verb while an object pronoun is used for the actual subject of the sentence.

Òun ni ọ̀rẹ́ mi. – He is my friend. (uses the emphatic pronoun òun instead of ó)
Ṣé ọmọ Yorùbá ni yín? – Are you Yoruba? (Ọmọ Yorùbá becomes the subject of ni while "you" becomes the object pronoun yín)

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /nĩ̄/

(intransitive) to be bloated, to be tumid

Derived terms

níni

Etymology 1

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *nii, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj. Cognates include Northern Min 日 (nì) and Burmese နေ (ne).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ni˧/

Noun

ni

sun

Etymology 2

**Zou cardinal numbers**
< 1	2	3 >
Cardinal : ni

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ni, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s. Cognates include Northern Min 二 (nī) and Tibetan གཉིས (gnyis).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ni˧/

Numeral

ni

two

References

Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 40

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

-ni^?

what (kind of)

Inflection

More information Enumerative concord, tone H, Modifier ...

Enumerative concord, tone H
	Modifier
Class 1	muni
Class 2	bani
Class 3	muni
Class 4	mini
Class 5	lini
Class 6	mani
Class 7	sini
Class 8	zini
Class 9	yini
Class 10	zini
Class 11	luni
Class 14	buni
Class 15	kuni
Class 17	kuni

Close

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

-ni

Combining stem of nina.

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-ni”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-ni”

[1] [1]
Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 206

[2] [1]
ni in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

[3] [1]
Gareth King, editor (2000), “ni”, in Pocket Modern Oxford Welsh Dictionary: Welsh-English, Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[1]

[1]

[1]

		1st person	2nd person	3rd person m	3rd person f
Personal	Singular	yi	ku	kay	tet
Personal	Plural	ni	sin	ken
Reflexive	Singular	inní	isí
Reflexive	Plural	ninní	isinní, sinní

	singular	dual	plural
1st person	shí	nihí	danihí
2nd person	ni	nihí	danihí
3rd person	bí	bí	daabí
4th person (3a)	hó	hó	daahó

		Direct (ang)	Indirect (ng)	Oblique (sa)
Common	Singular	ang	ng	sa
Common	Plural	ang mga	ng mga	sa mga
Personal	Singular	si	ni	kay
Personal	Plural / Polite	sina	nina	kina

	Impersonal
	singular	plural
Definite	te	nā
Indefinite	he	ni
	Personal
	Nominal	Pronominal
Simple	ia
After i/ki	a	a te
After mai	ia te

Visibility/evidentiality⁶
	Proximal (*-iː)	Distal 1 (*-iːʔ)	Distal 2 (*-əːʔ)	Distal 3/ Remote (*-ɔːʔ)	Interrogative (rime was a rounded back vowel)
Place, attributive¹ n-	ni nì này/nầy nây	nấy	nớ	nọ (nó)	nào
Place, nominal² đ-	đây	đấy (ấy)	—	đó	đâu
Manner r-	ri rày	—	rứa	—	ru sao³
Extent 1⁴ b-	bây	bấy	—	—	bao
Extent 2⁵ v-	vầy	vậy	—	—	—
¹ Originally can only follow a nominal (being used attributively), hence nơi này (“this place; here”), nơi nào (“where”) (no longer completely true in the modern language). ² Can be used on its own/is itself nominal, hence đây (“here”), đâu (“where”). ³ From earlier C-raːw (where C is nonspecific consonant). ⁴ Placed before the head: bây nhiêu (“this much”), bấy nhiêu (“that much”), bao nhiêu (“how much”). ⁵ Placed after the head: nhanh vầy (“this fast”), nhanh vậy (“that fast/so fast”).
	Distal (ngang)			Remote (huyền)
Northern-Southern	kia (cơ)			kìa (cờ)
Central	tê			tề
⁶ Originally, these demonstratives might have been used to assert that something is visible and/or verifiable. They have been bleached quite thoroughly and currently are usually used like other distal demonstratives. The biggest trace of their evidentiality might be in their usage as final particles, often in reduced forms cơ/cờ: [t]ừ đấy về tới Hà Nội, còn những ba cái cầu nữa cơ mà! ("From there to Hanoi, there're still three more bridges to cross!") (Ba ngày luân lạc, 1943).

	independent	possessive prefix
1st person singular	de	ti
2nd person singular	ni	ni
3rd person singular	me	mV^an., dV^inan.
1st person plural inclusive	ene	nV
1st person plural exclusive	imi	mi
2nd person plural	ini	fi
3rd person plural	eme	di

	singular		paucal	collective
	subjective	objective	paucal	collective
First person	ngu	nga	ngu-jhege	nga-mu
Second person	ni	nia	ni-jhege	ni-mu
Third person	gu		gu-jhege	gu-mu

Pronunciation

Noun

See also

Anagrams

Pronoun

Pronunciation

Determiner

See also

References

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Alternative forms

Etymology

Adverb

Related terms

References

Noun

References

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronoun

Related terms

Pronoun

Related terms

See also

Noun

Etymology

Pronunciation

Numeral

Synonyms

References

Etymology 1

Noun

Etymology 2

Conjunction

References

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

Noun

References

Etymology 1

Pronoun

Etymology 2

Noun

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Conjunction

Adverb

Etymology 2

Noun

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Etymology

Pronunciation

Numeral

Etymology

Noun

References

Pronunciation

Pronoun

References

Determiner

Pronoun

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Etymology

Pronunciation

Conjunction

Usage notes

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

Romanization

Etymology