in

Alternative forms

• i' (colloquial, poetic)

Preposition

in

1. Used to indicate location, inclusion, or position within spatial, temporal or other limits.
   1. Contained by; inside.

      The dog is in the kennel.

      There were three pickles in a jar.

   2. Within the bounds or limits of.

      I like living in the city.

      There are lots of trees in the park.

      He sat in the chair.

      She stood in the front-desk spot.

      • 2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

        GDP measures the total value of output in an economic territory.

   3. Surrounded by; among; amidst.

      We are in the enemy camp.

      Her plane is in the air.

      Waiter! There's a fly in my soup!

   5. Wearing (an item of clothing).

      I glanced over at the pretty girl in the red dress.

   6. Part of; a member of; out of; from among.

      You are one in a million.

      She's in an orchestra.

   8. During (a period of time).

      My birthday is in the first week of December.

      Easter falls in the fourth lunar month.

      The country reached a high level of prosperity in his first term.

   10. Within (a certain elapsed time); by the end of.

       Will you be able to finish this in a week?

       The massacre resulted in over 1000 deaths in three hours.

   12. At the end of (a period of time).

       They said they would call us in a week.

   13. (grammar, phonetics) Characterized by.

       Many English nouns in -is form their plurals in -es.

2. Into.
   • 2011 January 8, Paul Fletcher, “Stevenage 3-1 Newcastle”, in BBC:

     The ball was accidentally kicked in Kevin Nolan's face in the opening seconds of the contest – an incident that set the tone for an extremely uncomfortable encounter for the Premier League side.

   Less water gets in your boots this way.

   She stood there looking in the window longingly.

3. Used to indicate limit, qualification, condition, or circumstance.
   • [1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:

     In returning to the vault, I had no very sure purpose in mind; only a vague surmise that this finding of Blackbeard's coffin would somehow lead to the finding of his treasure.

   In replacing the faucet washers, he felt he was making his contribution to the environment.

   1. Indicating an order or arrangement.

      My fat rolls around in folds.

   3. Denoting a state of the subject.

      He stalked away in anger.

      John is in a coma.

   4. Indicates, connotatively, a place-like form of someone's (or something's) personality, as his, her or its psychic and physical characteristics.

      You've got a friend in me.

      He's met his match in her.

   6. Pertaining to; with regard to.

      There has been no change in his condition.

      What grade did he get in English?

4. Used to indicate means, medium, format, genre, or instrumentality.
   1. (of something offered or given in an exchange) In the form of, in the denomination of.

      Please pay me in cash — preferably in tens and twenties.

      The deposit can be in any legal tender, even in gold.

      Her generosity was rewarded in the success of its recipients.

      • 2014, Carla Bethmann, Clean, Friendly, Profitable?: Tourism, page 114:

        […] tourists sometimes attempt to pay in euros or British pounds.

   2. Used to indicate a language, script, tone, etc. of a text, speech, etc.

      Beethoven's "Symphony No. 5" in C minor is among his most popular.

      His speech was in French, but was simultaneously translated into eight languages.

      When you write in cursive, it's illegible.

      Military letters should be formal in tone, but not stilted.

Verb

in (third-person singular simple present ins, present participle inning, simple past and past participle inned)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To enclose.
2. (obsolete, transitive) To take in; to harvest.
   • c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

     He that ears my land spares my team and gives me leave to in the crop.

Adverb

in (not comparable)

1. At or towards the interior of a defined space, such as a building or room.

   Suddenly a strange man walked in.

   Would you like that to take away or eat in?

   He ran to the edge of the swimming pool and dived in.

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

     Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.

2. Towards the speaker or other reference point.

   They flew in from London last night.

   For six hours the tide flows in, then for another six hours it flows out.

3. So as to be enclosed or surrounded by something.

   Bring the water to the boil and drop the vegetables in.

4. After the beginning of something.
   • 2011 October 1, Phil Dawkes, “Sunderland 2-2 West Brom”, in BBC Sport‎:

     The Black Cats had a mountain to climb after James Morrison's header and Shane Long's neat side-foot finish gave Albion a 2-0 lead five minutes in.

   The show still didn't become interesting 20 minutes in.

5. (in combination, after a verb) Denotes a gathering of people assembled for the stated activity, sometimes, though not always, suggesting a protest.

   sing-in, pray-in, hug-in; see also be-in, love-in, sit-in, teach-in.

Noun

in (plural ins)

1. A position of power or influence, or a way to get it.

   His parents got him an in with the company.

   • 1987 February 1, T. R. Witomski, “Zeitgeist or Poltergeist? Why Gay Books Are So Bad”, in Gay Community News, volume 14, number 28, page 9:

     Holleran's and White's diminishing capacities as writers does not affect their publishing ins': the writer the house knows is always better than the writer the house doesn't know.

2. (chiefly in the plural) One who, or that which, is in; especially, one who is in office.

   Antonym: out

   • 1827, Benjamin Chew, A Sketch of the Politics, Relations, and Statistics, of the Western World, page 192:

     This memoir has nothing to do with the question between the ins and the outs; it is intended neither to support nor to assail the administration; it is general in its views upon a general and national subject; […]

3. (sports) The state of a batter/batsman who is currently batting; see innings.

Adjective

in (comparative more in, superlative most in)

1. (not comparable) Located indoors, especially at home or at one's office or place of work.

   Is Mr. Smith in?

2. (not comparable) Located inside something.

   Little by little I pushed the snake into the basket, until finally all of it was in.

   The bullet is about five centimetres in.

3. (sports, of the ball or other playing implement) Falling or remaining within the bounds of the playing area.

   If the tennis ball bounces on the line then it's in.

4. Inserted or fitted into something.

   I've discovered why the TV wasn't working – the plug wasn't in!

5. Having been collected or received.

   The replies to the questionnaires are now all in.

6. In fashion; popular.

   Skirts are in this year.

   • 1996, “The Great Southern Trendkill”, performed by Pantera:

     Pierce a new hole
     If Hell was in you'd give your soul
     To the great southern trendkill

7. Incoming.

   the in train

8. (nautical, of the sails of a vessel) Furled or stowed.
9. Of the tide, at or near its highest level.

   You can't get round the headland when the tide's in.

10. (law) With privilege or possession; used to denote a holding, possession, or seisin^[1]

    in by descent; in by purchase; in of the seisin of her husband

11. (cricket) Currently batting.
12. Having familiarity or involvement with somebody.

    He is very in with the Joneses.

    • 2010, Joe R. Lansdale, Flaming Zeppelins: The Adventures of Ned the Seal, page 123:

      “ […] He […] took a rifle out of the batch and shot at me. I was lucky he was such a crummy shot.”
      “Why would he do that?”
      “I think he's in with them, Doctor.”
      “Them? You mean Ned and Cody?”
      “All of them. Hickok, the split tail, the whole lot.”

13. (informal) Having a favourable position, such as a position of influence or expected gain, in relation to another person.

    I need to keep in with the neighbours in case I ever need a favour from them.

    I think that bird fancies you. You're in there, mate!

    • 2004, The Streets (lyrics and music), “Could Well Be In”:

      I saw this thing on ITV the other week,
      Said, that if she played with her hair, she's probably keen
      She's playing with her hair, well regularly,
      So I reckon I could well be in.

14. (of fire or fuel) (British, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand) Burning; ablaze.
    • 1888, H.C. O’Neill, Edith A. Barnett, Our Nurses and the Work They Have to Do‎, page 81:

      Blocks of compressed coal keep the fire in for a long time, but they give out very little heat.

    • 1894, Henry Kingsley, The Recollections of Geoffry Hamlyn - Volume 2‎, page 183:

      “At all events,” said the Doctor, “the fire’s in, and here’s the camp-oven, too. Somebody will be here soon. I will go in and light my pipe.”

    • 1901, William Francis Barry, The Wizard’s Knot‎, page 231:

      Was there any person in your own house at Renmore to keep the fire in while you were here?.

    • 2011, Rosemary Sutcliff, The Eagle of the Ninth Chronicles‎:

      Normally when they camped in the wild they took turns to sit up and keep the fire in while the others slept, […].

    • 2019, A.L.Lester, Shadows on the Border‎:

      He turned and started making up the range to keep the fire in overnight, and heard the front door click and Grant’s motor fire up. Sleep. He needed to sleep.

15. Having used, consumed , or invested a certain amount.

    I'm three drinks in right now.

    I was 500 dollars in when the stock crashed.

Descendants

• → Portuguese: in

Alternative forms

• in.

Noun

in (plural ins or in)

1. Abbreviation of inch; inches.

Derived terms

• daarin
• hierin
• innie

Usage notes

• in is used solely as a subject of a transitive verb, while ham is used either as a subject of an intransitive verb or an object of a transitive verb.

Adjective

in

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) in fashion; popular

Verb

in

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to interview
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.

Verb

in

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, mathematics) to integrate

Preposition

in

1. (Luserna, Sette Comuni, + dative) in

Pronoun

in

1. (Sette Comuni) accusative of èar: him

See also

Article

in

1. (Sette Comuni, Luserna) the; definite article for two declensions:
   1. accusative singular masculine
   2. dative plural

See also

Derived terms

• inin
• inon

Related terms

• on

Antonyms

• yt

Declension

Synonyms

• binnen

Antonyms

• uit
• buiten

Derived terms

Descendants

• Afrikaans: in
• Jersey Dutch: än, in

Alternative forms

• Becomes n- before a vowel (proclitic).

  A-g n-ò dimándi. ― I have a lot (of them).

• Becomes -en when acting as an enclitic (after a consonant).

  Mānjen un pōk! ― Eat some of it! (imperative, singular)

• Becomes -n when acting as an enclitic (after a vowel).

  Manjēn un pōk! ― Eat some of it! (imperative, plural)

Antonyms

• out

Preposition

in [with dative (indicating location) or accusative (indicating movement)]

1. [with dative] in, inside, within, at (inside a building)

   Es ist im (in dem) Haus. ― It is in the house.

   Ich habe die Schlüssel im (in dem) Kühlschrank gefunden. ― I found the keys in the refrigerator.

   Unsere Kinder sind in der Schule. ― Our kids are at school.

   Er ist in einem Café. ― He is at a coffee shop.

   Letzte Nacht waren sie im (in dem) Club. ― They were at the club last night.

2. [with dative] in (pertaining to)

   in diesem Sinne ― in this/that sense

3. [with dative] in, at, by (at the end of or during a period of time)

   Er schloss sein Studium im (in dem) Alter von vierzehn. ― He completed his studies at/by the age of fourteen.

   im (in dem) Alter ― in old age

   im (in dem) Mittelalter ― during the middle ages

   in den 1960er Jahren ― in the 1960s

4. [with accusative] into, to (going inside (of))

   Er geht ins (in das) Haus. ― He goes into the house.

   Wir gehen in die Schweiz. ― We are going to Switzerland.

   Wir treten in ein neues Zeitalter ein. ― We are coming into a new age.

Contraction

in

1. (dated) Contraction of in den.

Adjective

in (indeclinable, predicative only)

1. in, popular (in fashion)

Usage notes

This variant of i is used before vowel-initial words, before bhur (“your pl”), before dhá (“two”), before titles of books, films, and the like, and before foreign words that resist mutation.

In older texts, the n is spelled together with a vowel-initial word (e.g. i n-aice le instead of modern in aice le (“beside”) and i nÉirinn or i n-Éirinn instead of modern in Éirinn (“in Ireland”). Also in older texts, in bhur may be spelled i nbhur.

Usage notes

• When followed by the definite article, in is combined with the article to produce the following combined forms:

Derived terms

• in quadrupedia

Noun

in

1. shoulder

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “in”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Noun

in

1. hole

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “in”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.

Antonyms

• ex

Derived terms

Descendants

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iŋ/

Preposition

in

1. in

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in/

Article

in

1. a, an (male)

Usage notes

• When followed by a definite or indefinite article, it's replaced by ind.

See also

• kofketun
• ilotun

Preposition

in

1. to

Noun

in

1. grass skirt

Pronoun

in

1. this (thing close to us both)
2. demonstrative, first person inclusive singular

Alternative forms

• -in

Preposition

in

1. of
2. from
3. for

Preposition

in [with accusative or dative]

1. in, inside, within
2. into
3. within (a time period)
4. in (a condition)

Contraction

in

1. Contraction of ic ne.

Alternative forms

• inn, inne, ine, yn, ynne

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in/

Noun

in (plural innes)

2. Any kind of accommodation; particularly:
   1. A holiday home or guesthouse; a house set up as accommodation.
   2. An inn or hostel; a building with multiple rooms to let.
   3. A camp used by an army; barracks.
3. A home or house; habitation or housing one lives in.
   • 1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Tale of the Wẏf of Bathe”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 62, recto:

     For who so wolde senge a cattes skyn / Thanne wolde the cat wel dwellen in his In

     For if someone wants to singe a cat’s skin, the cat would rather stay in its house.

4. A dormitory; housing for students.

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Alternative forms

• ine, i, yn, yne, en, i, an, y

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in/, /iː/, /i/, /ən/

Preposition

in

2. in; with the following special senses:
   1. in, inside; encircled or confined by, with the following special senses:
      1. inside, within (a text or document)
      2. inside, within (one's mind)
      3. inside, in, indoors of.
      4. amongst, in a crowd of.
   2. wearing, having on, clad in
   3. in a quality or mode: with the following special senses:
      1. affected by, under the influence of.
      2. held by someone, in someone's grasp
      3. owned by someone, in someone's control
   4. inside, at or on a location or place.
   5. secured with; bound with
   6. in the midst of, while, currently doing
   7. in (pieces or portions), into.
   8. about; of, on the matter of.
3. in the form, way, or manner of.
4. on, above, on top of.
5. facing at, in the direction of.
6. Being one of a set or group.
7. Being owned by; in one's possession.
8. due to, as, for the reason that.
9. versus; in conflict with; fighting with.
10. using, utilising, with the means of.
11. (rare) with, in the company of.

Alternative forms

• inne, yne, yn, hyn

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in/

Adverb

in

2. in; with the following special senses:
   1. in, inside; encircled or confined by.
   2. inside, in, in the centre of.
   3. in a quality or mode.
3. in towards, in the direction of.
4. on, on top of; above
5. using, utilising, with the means of.

Pronoun

in

1. Alternative form of hine

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in/

Preposition

in (Anglian)

1. in
   • 10th century, The Wanderer:

     Forðon dōmġeorne · drēoriġne oft
     in hyra brēostcofan · bindað fæste;

     Therefore, eager for glory men oft bind tightly in their breast-chambers the sad one.

Adverb

in

1. Alternative form of inn

Descendants

• Middle High German: in
  • Bavarian: i

    Cimbrian: inn, in (preposition)

  • Central Franconian: en, ön, on
  • German: in
  • Luxembourgish: an
  • Rhine Franconian: in, en
    • Pennsylvania German: in
  • Yiddish: אין (in)

Article

in

1. the (masculine singular nominative/accusative; feminine singular accusative; masculine/feminine/neuter dual nominative/accusative/genitive)
2. Alternative spelling of ind

For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.

Particle

in (triggers eclipsis)

1. interrogative particle forming yes-no questions

For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.

Verb

in (triggers eclipsis)

1. third-person singular present indicative interrogative of is: is...?

Preposition

in

1. Alternative form of i (“in”) (often before cach, cech (“each, every”) and for (“your pl”))

Particle

in

1. Used with the masculine/neuter dative singular of an adjective to form the corresponding adverb: -ly

For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.

Preposition

in

1. found in the given reference

Adjective

in (invariable)

1. in fashion

   Synonym: na moda

Declension

Related terms

• inar
• ie

Derived terms

• in d'

Related terms

• ien

Declension

Related terms

References

Budmani, Pero (1887-1891), "Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika" Volume III, p. 827

Synonyms

• i (dialectal)