Bses 23 - PPT 3

B S E S 23 - SCIE 3
Microbiology and
Parasitology
Classification of Microorganism
ALGAE
C L A S S I F I C AT I O N O F M I C R O O R G A N I S M S
ALGAE
• Plant- like organisms that carry on photosynthesis.

• Algae lack the roots, stems, leaves, vascular tissues and other
structures typical of true plants.
• Algae have thalloid body - (from Latinized Greek thallos,
meaning a green shoot or twig )
• Can either be unicellular or multicellular.
• Cell walls made up of cellulose which contains pectin which
gives its slimy feel.
ALGAE
• Can be microscopic (phytoplankton) or macroscopic

(seaweed).
• 3000 species have been reported.
• PHYCOLOGY – study (logos) of algae (phycos). This

discipline deals with the morphology, taxonomy, phylogeny,
biology, and ecology of algae in all ecosystems.
• PHYCOLOGIST – the one who study algae.

ALGAE
• Occurrence:
• (a) Aquatic Forms – Fresh and Marine waters.
• (b) Terrestrial – soil, moist wall, tree trunks etc.
• (c) Unusual habitat:
• 1. Halophytic – highly saline water
• 2. Epiphytic – surface of other plants.
• 3. Endozoic –inside the animals.
• 4. Epizoic –on the animals.
• 5. Symbiotic –mutual association with fungi and lichens.
• 6. Parasitic –parasite on plants and animals.
• 7. Thermophytic –hot springs
• 8. Fluviatile –rapidly running water.
ALGAE
• Pigmentation:
• (a) Chlorophylls a, b
• (b) Carotenoids
• (c) Phycobilins ( red pigment- phycoerythrin;
blue pigment-phycocyanin)
FORMS OF ALGAE
• Unicellular
Euglena Diatoms
(Motile with flagellate) (No motile)
FORMS OF ALGAE
• Multicellular
• 1. COLONIES – with constant number of cells that remains constant.
FORMS OF ALGAE
• Multicellular
• 2. AGGREGATIONS – cells that have the ability of cell division, it is
colony but not constant in form and size.
FORMS OF ALGAE
• Multicellular
• 3. FILAMENTS- daughter cells remain attached after cell division and
form a cell chain; adjacent cell share cell walls.
Cladophora Pithophora
FORMS OF ALGAE
• Multicellular
• 4. COENOCYTIC or siphonaceaous - one large, multi nucleate cell
without cross walls.
FORMS OF ALGAE
• Multicellular
• 5. PARENCHYMATOUS – macroscopic algae with thalloid body.
FORMS OF ALGAE
• Multicellular
• 6. ERECT THALLUS- shoot or twig
ALGAE PHYLA
• Chlorophyta
• Green algae
ALGAE PHYLA
• Cyanophyta
• Blue-green algae
ALGAE PHYLA
• Phaeophyta
• Brown Algae
Fucus sp.
Nereocystis luekeana
ALGAE PHYLA
• Rhodophyta
• Red Algae
Porphyra Pikea robusta Smithora naiadum

ALGAE PHYLA
• Phyrrophyta
• Fire algae
ALGAL BLOOMS
• Over abundance of algae that can severely affect the
aquatic ecosystems in which they occur.
• ex. Dinoflagellates – Red tide can cause shellfish
poisoning, fish poisoning, Bird Sudden Death Syndrome
(esp. Eagles), in human; dermatitis and even death.
• Usually caused by addition of excess amount of
nutrients (run-offs of phosphate and nitrate from
fertilizers and sewage disposal); Eutrophication.
• Can cause foul smells in water reservoirs.
BENEFITS OF ALGAE
• Algae play a vital role in the aquatic ecosystem. They provide

food and shelter for other organisms and are important in the
process of absorbing nutrients and toxins.
• They are also critical in fixing carbon and creating
atmospheric and dissolved aquatic oxygen.
• Foods for Human
• Cosmetics
• Detergents
• Petroleum products
• Foods for Invertebrates and fishes (Phytoplankton).
FUNGI
HISTORY
• The earth is surrounded by plants and animals
• 90% life on Earth has been damage because of

fire.
• Dead wood + Animal Material = FUNGI
FUNGI
• Discovered by
Robert Hooke
FUNGI
• Characteristics
• Eukaryotes
• 700,000 to 5 million species of fungi all over the world.
• They are heterotrophic
• Nutritional Modes:
• Saprobic: Decomposers
• Parasitic: living host
• Mutualistic: both benefited
FUNGI
• Reproduction:
• They reproduce by means of sexual and asexual.
• SPORES is the reproductive organ of fungi which can be
carried by the wind.
• Composition:
• Cell wall is made of CHITIN
FORMS OF FUNGI
• Mushroom
• Can be edible or poisonous
• Can produce spores up to 2.7 billion a day
• Yeast
• Molds
• Found in decaying bread and cheese
PROTOZOA
PROTOZOA
• Protozoa are eukaryotes and unicellular organisms,

• they have metabolic processes similar to those of
human host than prokaryotic bacterial pathogens.
• They are single celled beings, which also cause
diseases in humans, which can be mild to life
threatening.
PROTOZOAN INFECTION AND DISEASES
• The most common diseases caused by

protozoa are:
• Malaria
• Amoebiasis
• Sleeping Sickness
• Malaria
• is a life-threatening disease that’s typically transmitted
through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito.
• Malaria is usually found in tropical and subtropical climates
where the parasites that cause it live.
• Derived from the Italian word for "bad air"
MALARIA
• What causes malaria?

• Malaria can occur if a mosquito infected with the
Plasmodium parasite bites you.
• Malaria is transmitted by blood, so it can also be
transmitted through:
• an organ transplant
• a transfusion
• use of shared needles or syringes

• Amoebiasis
• Amoebiasis is a parasitic infection of the intestines caused
by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, or E. histolytica.
• The symptoms of amoebiasis include loose stool, abdominal
cramping, and stomach pain. However, most people with
amoebiasis won’t experience significant symptoms.
• Sleeping Sickness
• Sleeping sickness is infection with germs carried by certain
flies. It results in swelling of the brain.
• Alternative Names is Human African trypanosomiasis.
• Sleeping sickness occurs in Sub-Saharan Africa countries
where there are tsetse flies that transmit the disease.
SLEEPING SICKNESS
• What causes sleeping sickness?

• Sleeping sickness is caused by two germs (protozoa):
• Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
• Trypanosomoa brucei gambiense
• Tsetse flies carry the infection.

• Risk factors include living in parts of Africa where the disease is found
and being bitten by tsetse flies. The disease does not occur in the United
States. But travelers who have visited or lived in Africa can have the
infection.
VIRUS
VIRUS
• Discovered at the end of 19th century

• 1892, Dmitri Ivanosky Mendeleev
• Cannot replicate on its own, It must attach to and enter a
host cell. It then uses the host cell’s energy to synthesize
protein, DNA, and RNA.
• Viruses have no cell wall and made up of nucleic acid
components.
VIRUS
• Adolf Mayer – Mosaic disease of Tobacco (1886)

• 1898 – Martinus Benjerinck not bacterial disease but
a living liquid virus
• 1931 – Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll discovered
electron microscope – first virus visualized – tobacco
mosaic virus
VIRUS
• Virion – virus capable of causing infection

• Capsid – protects the virion to be destroyed
• Envelope – stolen bits from cell membrane
VIRUS
• Its main function is to “hijack” the host.

• HIV – has envelope that is why it is engulfed by cell.
• Polio Virus – has no envelope but creates a porous
channel.
• Rhinovirus and coronavirus - common colds
DISEASES CAUSED BY VIRUS
• Adenovirus – Keratoconjunctivitis
• Adenovirus - Pharyngitis
• Adenovirus - Gastroenteritis
• Hepatitis
• Herpes Labialis
• AIDS
• Measles
• Chicken Pox
References...
Robert Nordsieck. “The Living World of Molluscs”

<http://www.mollusc.at/gastropoda/index.html?/Gastropoda/morphology/nervous_system.html>
Arthur Anker. “Organisms named after famous people, in pictures”
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ news/2017/04/12/organisma-nmed-after-famous- people-pictures/>
Hoefnagels, MarieIlle H. Biology: The Essentials. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2016.
Brooker, Robert J., Eric P. Widmaier, Linda E. Graham, and Peter D. Stiling. Principles of Biology.New York,NY:
McGraw-Hill, 2015.
Arora, D.R. 2007. Arora: Medical Parasitology 2nd Edition
Ash, L.R. and Orihel, T.C. 2007. Ash: Atlas of Human Parasitology 5th Edition
Chernin, Jack. 2002. Parasitology
Burton, G. and Engelkirk, P. 2007. Burton’s Microbiology for the Health Sciences 8th Edition: Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins
HIV and IDS Data Hub for Asia Pacific. “Philipppines: Key facts on HIV” <http://www.aidsdatahub.org/Country-
Profiles/Philippines> (accessed on October 13, 2017)
JOBSHADOW. “Interview with an Allergist/Immunologist” <http://www.jobshadow.com/interview-with-an-
Allergistimmunologist/> (accessed on October 13, 2017)
BBC. “History of Life on Earth” <http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/history_of_earth> (accessed on October 18, 2017)
Avert. “Global HIV and AIDS” <https://www.avert.org/global-hiv-and-aids-statistics> (accessed on October 13,
2017)
Hoefnagels, MarieIlle H. Biology: The Essentials. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2016.
Brooker, Robert J., Eric P. Widmaier, Linda E. Graham, and Peter D. Stiling. Principles of Biology.New York,NY:
McGraw-Hill, 2015.
QUESTION CLARIFICATIO
S NS
SUGGESTION
S
TO GOD BE THE
GLORY...
THANK YOU
TEACHING IS A WORK OF HEART
Maam CRIS :)

Bses 23 - PPT 3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bses 23 - PPT 3

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bses 23 - PPT 3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

B S E S 23 - SCIE 3

• Plant- like organisms that carry on photosynthesis.

• Can be microscopic (phytoplankton) or macroscopic

• 3000 species have been reported.

• PHYCOLOGY – study (logos) of algae (phycos). This

• PHYCOLOGIST – the one who study algae.

Porphyra Pikea robusta Smithora naiadum

• Algae play a vital role in the aquatic ecosystem. They provide

• The earth is surrounded by plants and animals

• 90% life on Earth has been damage because of

• Protozoa are eukaryotes and unicellular organisms,

• The most common diseases caused by

• What causes malaria?

• use of shared needles or syringes

• What causes sleeping sickness?

• Trypanosomoa brucei gambiense

• Tsetse flies carry the infection.

• Discovered at the end of 19th century

• Adolf Mayer – Mosaic disease of Tobacco (1886)

• Virion – virus capable of causing infection

• Its main function is to “hijack” the host.

Robert Nordsieck. “The Living World of Molluscs”

You might also like