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    Morphology: Common Microbes and Parasites

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    mysterioushumane
    This document provides an overview of morphology and common microbes and parasites: - Morphology deals with the form and structure of organisms. Common microbes described include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Bacteria are single-celled, viruses are even smaller and need host cells, fungi are multicellular and get nutrients from other organisms, and protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes that can be free-living or parasitic. - The document further describes the characteristics of these microbes including their structures, environments, and examples. It also covers helminths which are larger parasitic worms, and arthropods that can act as parasites including lice, ticks, fle

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    Morphology: Common Microbes and Parasites

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    mysterioushumane
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    This document provides an overview of morphology and common microbes and parasites: - Morphology deals with the form and structure of organisms. Common microbes described include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Bacteria are single-celled, viruses are even smaller and need host cells, fungi are multicellular and get nutrients from other organisms, and protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes that can be free-living or parasitic. - The document further describes the characteristics of these microbes including their structures, environments, and examples. It also covers helminths which are larger parasitic worms, and arthropods that can act as parasites including lice, ticks, fle

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    This document provides an overview of morphology and common microbes and parasites: - Morphology deals with the form and structure of organisms. Common microbes described include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Bacteria are single-celled, viruses are even smaller and need host cells, fungi are multicellular and get nutrients from other organisms, and protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes that can be free-living or parasitic. - The document further describes the characteristics of these microbes including their structures, environments, and examples. It also covers helminths which are larger parasitic worms, and arthropods that can act as parasites including lice, ticks, fle

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views35 pages

    Morphology: Common Microbes and Parasites

    Uploaded by

    mysterioushumane
    This document provides an overview of morphology and common microbes and parasites: - Morphology deals with the form and structure of organisms. Common microbes described include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Bacteria are single-celled, viruses are even smaller and need host cells, fungi are multicellular and get nutrients from other organisms, and protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes that can be free-living or parasitic. - The document further describes the characteristics of these microbes including their structures, environments, and examples. It also covers helminths which are larger parasitic worms, and arthropods that can act as parasites including lice, ticks, fle

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 35

    MORPHOLOGY

    COMMON MICROBES AND PARASITES


    WHAT IS MORPHOLOGY?
    ? Morphology deals with the form of living organisms, and with
    relationships between their structure
    COMMON MICROBES
    BACTERIA
    Bacteria are tiny, single-celled organisms that get nutrients from their environments.

    VIRUS
    Viruses are even smaller than bacteria. They aren’t even a full cell. They need to
    use another cell’s structures to reproduce.

    FUNGI
    Fungi are multicelled, plant-like organisms. A fungus gets nutrition from plants, food
    and animals in damp, warm environments.

    PROTOZOA
    Protozoa are one-celled organisms. They are bigger than bacteria and contain a
    nucleus and other cell structures making them more similar to plant and animal cells.
    BACTERIA
    KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA
    • Found in harsh environments (undersea volcanic vents,
    acidic hot springs, salty water).
    • Cell walls without peptidoglycan.

    • Methanogens
    • Thermoacidophiles
    • Extreme halophiles
    KINGDOM EUBACTERIA
    • Most bacteria are under this kingdom
    • Can be aerobic or anaerobic

    • Cyanobacteria
    • Spirochetes
    • Gram-positive
    • Gram negative
    VIRUS
    Helical Polyhedral Spherical Bacteriophage
    Capsid
    Protein coat made up of many protein subunits (capsomeres).
    Capsomere proteins may be identical or different.
    Genetic Material
    Either RNA or DNA, not both

    Nucleocapsid = Capsid + Genetic Material

    Additionally some viruses have an:


    Envelope:
    Consists of proteins, glycoproteins, and host lipids. Derived from host mem
    branes.
    Naked viruses lack envelopes
    FUNGI
    • Fungal cells do not have chloroplasts or chloro
    phyll

    • Display bright colors arising from other cellula


    r pigments, ranging from red to green to black

    • Display bright colors arising from other cellula


    r pigments, ranging from red to green to black

    • Found in moist and slightly acidic environment;


    they can grow with or without light or oxygen
    CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI BASED
    ON SYMBIOSIS?
    ? 1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    Decomposers
    Mutualist
    Predator
    Parasitic
    PROTOZOA
    • Protozoa is an informal term for single-celled eukaryotes,
    either free-living or parasitic.

    • They often possess animal-like behaviors, such as motility


    and predation and lack cell wall, as found in algae.

    • Sarcodina
    • Mastogophora
    • Ciliates
    • Sporozoates
    Sarcodina
    • the largest phylum protozoans
    • It comprises the amebas and related organisms; which a
    re all solitary cells that move and capture food by mean
    s of pseudopods.
    • Most sarcodines are free living; others are parasitic.
    • may reproduce asexually by cell division, often without b
    reakdown of the nuclear envelope that is typical in mitos
    is, or sexually by meiosis and the production of haploid g
    ametes, followed by fusion of gametes and the formatio
    n of zygotes.
    • include the genus Amoeba
    Mastigophora
    •Are organisms which have one or more whip-like organelle
    s called flagella
    •Parasitic forms live in the intestine or bloodstream of the h
    ost
    •Other flagellates like dinoflagellates live as plankton in the
    oceans and freshwater
    •Some flagellates are autotrophic while others are heterot
    rophs

    • Phytomastigophorea
    • Zoomastigophorea
    Ciliophora

    •Group of protozoans which possesses hair-like org


    anelles called cilia
    •Most ciliates are heterotrophs. They eat organisms
    such as bacteria and algae.
    •Some ciliates do not have a mouth and they feed by
    absorption (osmotrophy), and some others are pred
    atory and feed on other protozoa, especially ciliates.
    Some ciliates also parasitize animals.
    Sporozoates

    • are non-motile, unicellular protists, usually parasites


    • also called intracellular parasites.
    • The earlier stage sporozoan forms show some movement. They do no
    t possess locomotor organelles in their later stage.
    • An example is Plasmodium vivax, that causes malaria in humans
    TROPHOZOITES
    • It is the replicative stage of most protozoans
    • It is the active feeding stage of the parasites and this stage is ass
    ociated with pathogenesis of the disease.

    CYSTS
    • Are stages with with a protective membrane or thickened wall.
    • Able to survive an adverse conditions like dessication, low nutrien
    t supply, lack of oxygen.
    • Cyst stage is an infective stage for intestinal pathogens.
    • Is an important mean of asexual reproduction.
    HELMINTHS
    ? HELMINTHS ARE SIMPLY WORMS?
    Helminths

    Helminths are large, multicellular organisms that are genrally visible to


    the naked eye in their adult stages

    1. Platyhelminths (flatworms)
    • Trematodes (flukes)
    2. Acanthocephalins (thorny-headed worm)
    3. Nematodes (roundworms)
    4. Cestodes (Tapeworms)
    Cestodes

    Adult tapeworms are elongated, se


    gmented, hermaphroditic that inha
    bit the intestinal lumen. Larval for
    ms, which are cystic or solid, inha
    bit extraintestinal tissues
    Nematodes

    Adult and larval roundworms are bisexual, culindric


    al worms. They inhabit intestinal and extraintestinal
    sites.
    Trematodes

    Adult flukes are leaf-shaped flatworms. Prominent


    oral and ventral suckers help maintain position in si
    tu. They are hermaphroditic except for blood flukes,
    which are bisexual. Snail is usually the intermediate
    host
    ARTHROPODS
    WHAT ARTHROPODS ARE
    ? PARASITES?
    1.
    2.
    3.
    Lice
    Ticks
    Fleas
    4. Mites
    5. mosquitoes
    Thank you

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