First Aid

MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS
RAILWAY BOARD
DIRECTORATE GENERAL
OF
RAILWAY HEALTH SERVICES
"FIRST AID TO THE INJURED"
TEACHING AID
AIMS OF FIRST AID
1. TO PRESERVE LIFE
2. TO PREVENT THE WORSENING

OF THE CONDITION
3. TO PROMOTE RECOVERY
THE THREE EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
WHERE A CASUALTY IS SPECIALLY
AT RISK BECAUSE OF INTERFERENCE
WITH VITAL
NEEDS ARE:-
• LACK OF BREATHING AND/OR HEARTBEAT
• SEVERE BLEEDING
• A STATE OF UNCONSCIOUSNESS
ABC-RULE
A AN OPEN AIRWAY
B ADEQUATE BREATHING
C SUFFICIENT CIRCULATION
1, Check for
consciousness,
ASSESSING THE CASUALTY
Shout” Can you hear
me?”, or “Open your
eyes!” Carefully
shake the casualty’s
shoulders,An
unconscious casualty
will not respond.
2. Open an
unconscious casulty’s
air passage, Remove
any obvious
obstruction from the
mouth, Place two
fingers under the
point of the chin, and
lift the jaw. At the
same time, place your
other hand along the
casualty’s forehead,
and tilt her head back
Contd,
ASSESSING THECASUALTY
3. Check for breathing. Placing your
head near the casualty’s nose and
mouth:
•Look along the chest to see if there
is any movement.
•Listen for the sounds of breathing.
•Feel for breath on your cheek.
Check for 5 seconds before deciding
breathing is absent
4. Check for a pulse.

With the head tilted back, feel for
the Adam’s apple with two fingers.
Slide your fingers back into the gap
between the windpipe and the
muscle that runs beside it, and feel
for 5 seconds for the carotid pulse
1. With the casualty lying flat
on a firm surface, place the
CHEST COMPRESSION
heel of one hand two finger-
widths above the point where
his bottom ribs meet his
breastbone, Bring the heel of
the other hand down over it,
and interlock your fingers.
2. With your arms straight,
press down vertically on the
breastbone, depressing it 4-5
cm(11/2-2in). Release the
presuur. Repeat the
compressions at a rate of
approx. 80 per minute.
To combine with artificial

ventilation: alternate 15
compressions with two
breaths until help arrives.
Chest Compression
RESPIRATORY BLOCKAGE/ STOPPAGE
ASSOCIATE EXTERNAL CARDIAC MASSAGE WITH
MOUTH TO MOUTH RESUSCITATION
DETERMINE
THE CORRECT
POSITION OF
COMPRESS 15 TIMES
THE HANDS
SUCCESSIVELY ONE
STROKE/ SECOND
GIVE MOUTH TO MOUTH

RESUSCITATION TWICE
MOUTH-TO-MOUTH VENTILATION
1.-Ensure that the

Airway is open and the
head tilted well back,
Pinch the casuality’s
nostrils closed with your
index finger and thumb.
2. Take a deep breath,
and seal your lips around
the casualty’s
mouth,Blow into the
casuality’s mouth until
you see the chest rise
3, Remove your lips and
allow the chest to fall,
Cintinue at a rate of 10
breaths per minute.
RESPIRATORY BLOCKAGE
TAKE THE CAROTID PULSE
PLACE 3 BIG FINGERS OF THE HAND NEAR THE

ADAM’S APPLE FLATLY AND TRANSVERSELY
RESPIRATORY STOPPAGE
PRACTICE MOUTH TO MOUTH RESUSCITATION
RESPIRATORY BLOCKAGE/ STOPPAGE
ASSOCIATE EXTERNAL CARDIAC MASSAGE
WITH MOUTH TO MOUTH RESUSCITATION
GIVE MOUTH TO MOUTH

RESUSCITATION TWICE
PUMP/COMPRESS 15 TIMES
SUCCESSIVELY
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
SUSPECTED HEART ATTACK
LOCALISE THE PAIN IN THE CHEST OF THE PATIENT
SUSPECTED HEART ATTACK
LAY THE PATIENT DOWN IN A SEMI-SEATED POSITION
COMPLETE RESPIRATORY OBSTRUCTION
DUE TO FOREIGN BODY
IN THE CONSCIOUS STANDING OR SITTING VICTIM
PRACTICE BACK BLOWS & ABDOMINAL THRUSTS
(Heimlich Manoeuvre)
First Aid For Choking
(CHILD)
COMA-LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
OBSERVE, LISTEN AND UNDERSTAND THE BREATHING

COMA- LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
ENSURE PATENCY OF AIRWAYS

CLEARING THE RESPIRATORY TRACTS
WITH ONE OR TWO

FINGERS OF THE HAND,
REMOVE FOREIGN
MATTER
(DENTURES, VOMIT ETC.)
EXTRICATING /REMOVING / MOVING
THE PATIENT
COMA- LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
PLACE THE VICTIM IN A LATERALLY SECURE POSITION
APPROACH FOR OBSERVATION IN CASE OF INJURIES
INJ URED
HE BLEEDS A LOT no
yes
2 6 7 8
PAIN AND OR
HAEM ORRHAGE BURN WOUND
LOSS OF MOBILITY
OBSERVATION
PHASE DANGER
ACTION
PHASE
TYPES OF WOUND
TYPES OF WOUND
HAEMORRHAGE
COMPRESS LOCALLY THE WOUND
PRESS
HAEMORRHAGE
LAY THE PATIENT DOWN HORIZONTALLY WITH THE
BLEEDING AREA RAISED UPWARDS
BLEEDING
NOSEBLEEDS
TREATMENT YOUR AIM IS:
To control blood loss and maintain
and open airway
FRACTURES
TRIANGULAR BANDAGES
A Triangular Bandage is made by cutting a piece of cloth 100 cm square
from corner to corner so as to give two bandages. It has three borders.
The longest is called the ‘base’ and the other two the ‘sides’. There are
three corners; the one opposite the base is called the ’point’ the other two
are called the ‘ends’.
METHOD OF APPLYING TRIANGULAR
BANDAGE IN UPPER LIMB INJURIES
IMMOBILISATION OF UPPER LIMB FRACTURES
IMPROVISED SLINGS
Slings may be improvised
1. By turning the free end of

coat and pinning
it to the sleeve.
2. By passing the hand
inside the buttoned coat
or shirt or ,
3. By using mufflers, ties,
soft cloth etc.
FOR A COMPLICATED TREATMENT
FRACTURE 1.Support the limb on the injured
side in an arm sling
1. Immediately treat any”sucking wound” 2. Arrange removal to hospital;
transport as a sitting or walking
2. Lay the casualty down in a half sitting
casualty unless there are
position with his head and shoulders turned
complications
and his body inclined towards the injured’s
side. Support him by placing a folded
blanket lengthwise along his back.
3. Support the limb on the injured side in
an elevation sling.
4. If the casualty is unconscious or
breathing becomes difficult and/ or noisy,
place him in the recovery position with his
uninjured side uppermost.
5. Arrange removal to hospital, transport as
a stretcher case, maintaining treatment
position
DIFFERENT WAYS OF SHIFTING THE INJURED
Crotch-1%
First Aid for Severe burns
• Run the burn under cool gently running water (if
possible)
• Place a clean dry dressing over the area to prevent
infection
• Raise the burn area above the heart (if possible)
• Treat for shock
• Get medical help immediately
• PRESERVE ANY CUT FINGER OR LIMB
AND SEND IT ALONGWITH THE PATIENT IN A
CLEAN PLASTIC BAG TO PREVENT DRYING
OUT;
• AVOID USE OF LIQUID / ANTISEPTIC WHILE

CARRYING THE SEVERED PART;
• DO NOT REMOVE OR CUT ANY HANGING

PORTION OF SKIN , FINGER OR LIMB.
Snake Bites,
Stings,
Bites Rabid Animals.
Bee stings
• You may use a credit card to remove the
stinger (any flat sharp-edged object)
• Wash the area with soap and water
• Only some cases require medical help
Poisonous Snakes
How to treat snake bites
• Get the person medical help immediately
• Keep the bitten area at or below the level of
the heart
• Delay the absorption of the venom
– Snakes are cold blooded, therefore venom
works faster in a cold environment
• Keep the victim calm and maintain their
breathing
Rabies
• Viral disease of the nervous
system that may cause
madness or death
• Animals that may have

rabies: dogs, cats, squirrels,
skunks, bats, raccoons,
rats…
• Call the proper authorities

to capture the animal and
make sure you seek medical
help
ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT
THE SYSTEM OF “TRIAGE”
Category What this means What you can do
I. Highest priority Follow medical

for immediate team instructions
help
This people Help to evacuate

need surgery and safely
quickly transport to
medical centre
Contd…..
ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT
II. Lowest priority Give First Aid for

minor injuries
People with minor Give psychological

injuries support
OR
People who will comfort the dying-
almost certainly wait, watch and be
die careful.
Contd…..
ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT
III. Needs First Aid Prepare to transport

to medical centre, once
instructions are given
BUT
Can wait safely for Give First Aid. Watch
surgery out for danger signs-
inform medical team
if the person’s condition
gets worse.
Thank you

First Aid

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

First Aid

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

First Aid

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

"FIRST AID TO THE INJURED"

2. TO PREVENT THE WORSENING

• LACK OF BREATHING AND/OR HEARTBEAT

4. Check for a pulse.

To combine with artificial

GIVE MOUTH TO MOUTH

1.-Ensure that the

PLACE 3 BIG FINGERS OF THE HAND NEAR THE

GIVE MOUTH TO MOUTH

OBSERVE, LISTEN AND UNDERSTAND THE BREATHING

ENSURE PATENCY OF AIRWAYS

WITH ONE OR TWO

1. By turning the free end of

• AVOID USE OF LIQUID / ANTISEPTIC WHILE

• DO NOT REMOVE OR CUT ANY HANGING

• Animals that may have

• Call the proper authorities

I. Highest priority Follow medical

This people Help to evacuate

II. Lowest priority Give First Aid for

People with minor Give psychological

III. Needs First Aid Prepare to transport

You might also like