TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

TRANSPORTATION
ENGINEERING
Here is where your
presentation begins
 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

TRANSPORTATION
ENGINEERING
Here is where your
presentation begins
 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
Planning & Engineering Survey of Transpiration System
What is 'Transport planning’

Definition: Transport planning is defined as planning required in the operation, provision and management of facilities
and services for the modes of transport to achieve safer, faster, comfortable, convenient, economical and environment-
friendly movement of people and goods.

It is a prediction of usage demand in future travel and to ensure all the necessary facilities and services to cater to that
demand.

Transport planning is highly essential in :

shaping cities,
enabling economic activities,
promoting community interaction,
and enhancing quality of life.
It is also essential for sustainable development and ensuring safe accessibility at various levels for all individuals.
 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
Under transportation planning,

different practices such as urban development, urban transport policies, legislative activities, funding bodies and project
management come together.

It involves various agencies and organizations for successful transportation planning. Governing bodies actually examine the
demographic characteristics and travel patterns for a given area, and check how these characteristics will change over a
given period of time.

Alternative improvements are then evaluated for the transportation system. Moreover, it requires a lot of coordination
between transport system and land use authorities.

The aim for all these bodies is to device a plan which incorporates efficient energy use and lesser pollution of various means.
The activity involves alternative modes of transport that will enhance its efficiency.

Transportation planning must cover all aspects of city life such as economic development, quality of life, health of public
and environment and thereby supporting long-term ecological balance. For this transportation planners and engineers always
focus on the efficient movement of people and goods across the country.
 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
Transportation planning is the process of looking at the current state of transportation in the region, designing for
future transportation needs, and combining all of that with the elements of budgets, goals and policies. It helps
shape how a community or city grows by evaluating everything from streets and highways to cargo ships to
public transit and bike lanes. It can influence everything from business to recreation to quality of life.

Transportation Planning Accomplishes Many Different Things

Provides the information, tools Is a Comprehensive, Cooperative Influences many decisions, including
and public engagement needed and Continuing process (“3 Cs”) policies, choices among alternative
for improving transportation that requires monitoring of the strategies, priorities and funding
system performance system’s performance and allocations
condition
 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
Transportation Planning Goals
There are numerous important goals in the transportation planning process . The key is to balance them while designing a plan
that meets the Transportation Planning Goals.
 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
Contributors to the Transportation Planning Process
The transportation planning processes includes many contributors. The thoughts and ideas from all of the stakeholders are
critical to ensure a successful outcome.
 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
•Access to Employment: Provide for transportation system connections to areas of employment density and key activity
centers, with an emphasis on connecting to areas of high poverty rates.
•Freight Mobility: Enhance freight corridors and intermodal connections to facilitate goods movement into, within and out of
the region.
•Safety & Security: Provide for transportation improvements that increase safety and security for system users.
•System Reliability: Implement technologies and programs to improve travel times and support the ease of travel throughout
the region.
•Congestion Mitigation: Support transportation system improvements that address existing and expected future traffic
congestion.
•Environment & Air Quality: Provide for project alternatives that protect and enhance the region’s natural resources.
•Multimodal Connectivity: Improve accessibility and interconnectivity of various transportation modes for all systems users.
•Preservation & Maintenance: Ensure that existing transportation infrastructure and facilities achieve a constant state of good
repair.
 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
What is The Transportation Planning Process?

The Transportation planning process has many factors

to consider. Modes of transportation , infrastructure ,
technology, demand and users are all needs to be
considerations for the overall process.

As the population of our region continues to grow while

sources and funds for transportation continue to shrink,
we must make smart choices about our transportation
options. The best solutions are those that provide a
system of integrated travel modes that are balanced
among the environmental, economic and community
development goals of our region.
 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
Overview of Transport Planning process
 Vision, Aims and objectives ( Stakeholders Participation)
 Determining the status of current development ( Demographic, spatial , socio economic,
infrastructure , environment.
 Identification of gaps and needs as per planning guidelines and statutes.
 Projecting the growth of the urban area (spatial) and status of development (business as
usual scenario(BAU))
 Determination of projected gaps and needs for the BAU Scenario.
 Scenario analysis ( Policy, standards and guideline testing)
 Plan formation (realistic, Sustainable, Financially viable , Inclusive & Should meet
statutory obligations)
 Review and revision of plan
 Plan modification.
 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
Different types of Plans

Perspective Plan: Vision and policy for a 20 year period in form of a concept plan

Regional plan : Coordinates and consolidates individual plans for urban rural and semi urban
areas considering migration , resources , knowledge, investment opportunity for a period of 20
years.

Region is a large area with multiple urban and rural settlements and oter areas which are either linked through
administrative boundary , economic dependencies , geographical features, and through adjacency.

Aspects of Regional planning

 Sustainability (resource management, sprawl prevention, cultural resources.
 Environment ( Pollution prevention , green cover maintenance )
 Disaster management ( Hazard zoning)
 Balanced development ( reduce migration)
 Inclusive development ( presenting regional disparities)
 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
The National Urban Transport Policy (April 2006) has been set out to tackle urban mobility
issues to ensure a safe and sustainable urban mobility in the coming decades. National Urban
Transport Policy was approved in 2006 to help in addressing the unprecedented increase in
transport problems that the major cities in the country are facing.

The vision of this policy is to move people rather than vehicles.

NUTP aims to provide safe, affordable, quick, comfortable and sustainable access to all the
facilities.

In line with its vision, this policy addresses congestion and pollution problems by providing
more road space to public transportation, improving traffic performance through traffic
management instruments, mitigating private vehicle growth, and improving vehicle and fuel
technology to reduce air pollution.

Further, NUTP advocates establishing the Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority (UMTA)
in cities with over a million inhabitants
 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
National Urban Transport Policy, 2014:m One of earliest transport policies, which was revised in
2014 subsequent to the initial policy in 2006, for the first time brought to light the need for integration of
transport systems with physical planning.

The National Urban Transport Policy (Government of India, 2014a) defines the issues that face most Indian
cities. Accessing work areas, places of education and recreation is becoming increasingly time-consuming. As per
the policy, the cost of travel, especially for the poor, has increased considerably. Travel in cities has become
riskier, with accident rates going up from 160,000 in 1981 to more than 500,000 in 2015 (PRS, 2015). The policy
includes a number of objectives, of which three in particular are more relevant to planning:

• Integrated land-use and transport planning in all cities so that travel distances are minimized and access to
livelihoods, education and other social needs, especially for the marginal segments of the urban population, is
improved.
• Bringing about a more equitable division of road space between people and vehicles.
• Encouraging greater use of public transport and non-motorised modes by offering central financial assistance
for this purpose.
 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
After World War-1, motor transport came to the fore-front which created revolution in India's transportation
system. Under the continued effect of high speed motor transport, the existing roads soon get deteriorated. The
local bodies, with their limited financial and meagre technical resources, could not deal with the situation
properly and with the increased motor traffic, the condition of roads went from bad to worse. Then the central
government. took the following steps towards the development of roads:

a. Appointment of Jayakar committee:

In 1927, the central government. appointed the Jayakar committee under the chairmanship of DR. M.R. Jayakar
to report on the condition of the existing roads and to suggest ways and means for their future development. In
1928, the Jayakar committee recommended that since the provincial governments and the local bodies were
unable to look after all the roads and therefore, the central government. should look after all the important roads
of national importance.

b. Creation of central road fund:

On recommendation of the Jayakar committee, the central road fund was enforced on first march, 1929. The
petrol tax surcharge at the rate of two annas per gallon (2.64 paise per liters) of the petrol consumed by motor
traffic was imposted to build the road development fund. Out of annual revenue, thus collected, 20% was to be
retained by the central government. for meeting expenses on the on the administration purpose, research and the
development of roads under it's charge. The balance 80% of the central road fund was to be distributed among
the provinces, according to their petrol consumption, for maintenance and construction of roads.
 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
 Indian roads congress:
In 1934, a semi-official technical body known as Indian Roads Congress (IRC) was established by the central government
as per recommendation of the Jayakar committee. This body was formed of national importance for controlling
standardization, specifications and recommendations regarding design and construction of roads and bridges. But the
economic depression during that time delayed the road development programmes.

 The Motor Vehicles Act was passed in 1939: After World War II, the need for proper highway planning became
crucial. The Motor Vehicles Act was passed in 1939

 Nagpur plan 1934: aimed to achieve a target road length of 16 km per 100 square km area.
In 1934, a conference of the chief engineers of central and state government was convened by the central
government at Nagpur. It is a landmark in the history of road development in India since it was the first attempt to
prepare road development programme in a planned manner. That conference finalized a twenty year road
development plan (1943-1963) popularly known as the Nagpur Plan.

According to that plan, all roads were classified into four broad categories namely National Highways,
State Highways, District Roads and Village Roads. It was also recommended that the central government.
should assume complete financial liability for construction and maintenance of roads classified as National
Highways and the construction of roads of national importance was made the responsibility of the central
government.
 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
Roads during the post independence period:

After independence, the government. of India started taking much interest towards the development of roads in the country. The Nagpur plan
targets were mostly achieved by 1960 through the first and second five year (1951-56 and 1956-61).

The various steps taken by the Government. of India towards the development of roads in the country after independence are described here:

a. Central road research institute:

In 1950, Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) was started at New Delhi. This institute is considered as one of the National laboratories of
the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research in India. This institute is mainly engaged in applied research and offers technical advice to
state governments on various problems concerning to roads.

b. National highway act:

In 1956, the National Highway Act was passed. According to this act, the responsibility of development and maintenance of National
Highways was given provisionally to the central government.

Road development plan(1961-81):

In 1958, the next Twenty Years Road Development Plan (1961-81) was finalized at the meeting of Chief engineers of states. This is popularly
known as the Chief Engineer's Plan. In this plan, due consideration was given to the future developments on various fields of our country.
According to this Road Development Plan, the total length was almost double to that of Nagpur Plan target. This plan aimed at bringing
any place in a well-developed agricultural area within 6.44 k from a metalled road 2.41 km from any other category of road.
 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
Engineering Surveys