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Science Capter 13

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BAB:13 Meteoroids, Asteroids & Comets

GROUP MEMBERS:
• Jaycee Chalita Ping
• Teh Tung Yin
• Jen Eyeo Yu Zhen
• Lim Shiqiang
• Chiong HongLi
Meteoroids
WHAT IS A METEOROID?
• A floating piece of stone and metal that moves in space.

Characteristics Of a Meteoroid
• Comes is many sizes (10mm-10m)
• Made up of stones and metals like iron and nickel.
• Comes from small pieces of asteroids and comets.
• Surface temperature in outer space- 0 degree Celsius.
• Travels at changing speeds. The fastest meteoroid
travels roughly at 42km/s.
MOVEMENT OF A METEOROID

• Meteoroid enters • Usually, meteors


• Meteoroid is a the Earth’s • Meteor showers will burn out
small atmosphere, it is happen when before they reach
called a meteor
fragment that many meteors the Earth.
floats in outer • Molecular enter the Earth However, there are
space and friction between
at the same time still meteors that
air & meteor
travels around produces heat can reach the
the Sun until in burns, Earth
resulting in a • These are called
streak of light meteorites. Craters
will form on the
ASTEROIDS
What is an asteroid?
. An asteroid is a large metal and rocky body that travels around the Sun in its
own orbit.

Characteristics of an asteroid
• Size stars from 1 m to 1 000 km.
• Made up of stones and metals such as iron and nickel.
• Has a cold surface temperature, approximately - 73 C
• Travels around the Sun at an average speed of 25 km s-
• Asteroids form an asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
• Large asteroids such as Ceres, Pallas, Juno and Vesta have diameters of a few
kilometers to 1 000 kilometers.
• Asteroids are also known as small planets.
MOVEMENT
OF AN
ASTEROID
• Average speed: 25km s-1
• Most is in Asteroid Belt
1 • Some Asteroids orbits around Asteroid
Belt : Apollo, Amor, Aten

Orbits that are outside the


Asteroid Belt can be
near/intersect with the orbit
• Collisions can be of the Earth
happen 2
• Intersection point /
trails near the orbit of
the earth / orbit of
asteroids.
3

Collisions with large asteroids can result in the


destruction of living things on the earth.
4
Comets
WHAT IS A COMET?

• Comet is a small body made out of a mixture of ice,


gas and frozen dust. It travels around the Sun in it’s
own orbit
Characteristics OF A COMET
• Consists of head and a tail
• Length of the tail can reach up to 150 000 000 km
• Size of head can reach up to 250 000km
• Include gas & water that can freeze into ice ,dust &
rocky particles
• Travel around the sun (elliptical orbit)
Movement of a comet
• Moves at a speed range of 10km s-1 to 70km s-1. Most from
Kuiper belt & Oort cloud
• When comet is closer to the Sun ,the speed & melts increases &
long tails appear
• Due to the solar wind blowing from the Sun ,tails of comet
always away from the Sun
• Strong gravitational pull(outer planet) cause the comet easily
slip out of its orbit
PROTECTING THE EARTH FROM ASTEROID
IMPACTS
Scientists are always
monitoring asteroids in space
to ensure that the orbits of the
asteroids are at a safe distance
from the orbit of the Earth.
Warnings will be issued if
there is a risk of an asteroid
colliding with the Earth.
Asteroids that approach the
Earth may be destroyed or
have its course change.
THE ASTEROID REDIRECT MISSION

• NASA is developing a first-ever robotic mission to visit


a large near-Earth asteroid, collect a multi-ton boulder
from its surface, and redirect it into a stable orbit
around the moon. Once it’s there, astronauts will
explore it and return with samples in the 2020s. This
Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM) is part of NASA’s
plan to advance the new technologies and spaceflight
experience needed for a human mission to the Martian
system in the 2030s.
THANK YOU

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