Urban Street Analysis: Multimodal Operations
Urban Street Analysis: Multimodal Operations
Urban Street Analysis: Multimodal Operations
Learn how to estimate the following at a planning level for an urban street:
• Pedestrian and bicycle LOS
• Bus LOS
• Truck LOS
2
Background
3
Study Facility
4
Before-and-After Street Cross-Section
10' 9' 12' 11' 11' 12' 9' 10' 8' 5' 6' 12' 11' 11' 12' 6' 5' 8'
BUS
49th Street ONLY
Before After
5
Question
• Buses
• Pedestrians
• Bicyclists
• Trucks/freight
6
Evaluation Approach
7
HCM Pedestrian and Bicycle LOS Models
8
Pedestrian Analysis: Input Data Requirements
9
Pedestrian Analysis: Input Data
Input Data (units) How Obtained
Sidewalk width (ft) Known (10/8 ft) (before/after)
Free-flow pedestrian speed (ft/s) Not needed for link analysis
Segment length (ft) Not needed for link analysis
Signalized intersection delay walking
Not needed for link analysis
along street (s)
Signalized intersection delay crossing
Not needed for link analysis
street (s)
Outside lane width (ft) Known (12 ft)
Bicycle lane width (ft) Known (0/5 ft)*
Shoulder/parking lane width (ft) Known (8/0 ft)*
Percentage of segment with occupied on- Before: Default (50%)
street parking (decimal) After: Known (0%)
Street trees or other barriers (yes/no) Known (no/yes)
Landscape buffer width (ft) Known (0/5 ft)
Curb presence (yes/no) Known (yes)
Median type (divided/undivided) Not needed for link analysis
Number of travel lanes Known (2)
Directional vehicle volume (veh/h) Known (706 vph)
Vehicle running speed (mph) Default: posted speed + 5 mph (35 mph)
Intersection pedestrian LOS score
Not needed for link analysis
(unitless)
Average distance to nearest signal (ft) Not needed for link analysis
*Gutter width is not included as part of the bicycle and parking lane widths
10
Widths Used in the Pedestrian LOS Method
Parking Lane
and/or Shoulder
Outside
Travel
Lane Buffer
Bike Strip
Lane Side-
walk
W1
WB WSW
WT
11
Pedestrian LOS Score Equation (1)
• 12
Pedestrian LOS Score Equation (2)
• 13
Pedestrian LOS Score Equation (3)
• 14
Pedestrian LOS Score and Letter: “Before” Condition
15
Bicycle Analysis: Input Data Requirements
16
Bicycle Analysis: Input Data
Input Data (units) How Obtained
Not needed for link analysis Not needed for link analysis
Signalized intersection delay (s) Not needed for link analysis)
Segment length (ft) Not needed for link analysis
Bicycle lane width (ft) Known (0/5 ft) (before/after)*
Outside lane width (ft) Known (12 ft)
Shoulder/parking lane width (ft) Known (8/0 ft)*
Percentage of segment with occupied on- Before: Default (50%)
street parking (percent) After: Known (0%)
Pavement condition rating (1–5) Default: 3.5 (good)
Curb presence (yes/no) Known (yes)
Median type (divided/undivided) Known (undivided)
Number of travel lanes Known (2)
Directional vehicle volume (veh/h) Known (706 vph)
Vehicle running speed (mph) Default: posted speed + 5 mph (35 mph)
Percentage heavy vehicles (%) Known (5%)
Access points on the right side (points/mi) Not needed for link analysis
Intersection bicycle LOS score (unitless) Not needed for link analysis
*Gutter width is not included as part of the bicycle and parking lane widths
17
Widths Used in the Bicycle LOS Method
Parking Lane
and/or Shoulder
Outside
Travel
Lane Buffer
Bike Strip
Lane Side-
walk
Wl
Wt
18
Bicycle LOS Score Equation (1)
( ) ( [ ])
2
𝑉 1
+( 0.199× 𝑓 𝑠 × [1 +0.1038 𝐻𝑉 ] )+ 7.066×
2
− (0.005×𝑊 𝑒 )+0.760
2
𝐵𝐿𝑂𝑆=0.507×ln
4𝑁 𝑃𝐶
Equation 149 (page 145)
• “Before” conditions shown in red
• BLOS = bicycle LOS score
• V = directional traffic volume
= 706 veh/h
• N = directional travel lanes
= 2 lanes
19 • 19
Bicycle LOS Score Equation (2)
( ) ( [ ])
2
𝑉 1
+( 0.199× 𝑓 𝑠 × [1 +0.1038 𝐻𝑉 ] )+ 7.066×
2
− (0.005×𝑊 𝑒 )+0.760
2
𝐵𝐿𝑂𝑆=0.507×ln
4𝑁 𝑃𝐶
• SPD = average mid-block vehicle speed
= 35 mph (defaulted as speed limit + 5 mph)
• fs = speed factor
= 1.1199 × ln[SPD – 20] + 0.8103
= 3.8430
• HV = heavy vehicle percentage
= 5 (known)
• PC = pavement condition rating
= 3.5 (default)
20 • 20
Calculation of Average Effective Outside Lane Width
21
Bicycle LOS Score and Letter: “Before” Condition
22
Your Turn
ONLY
BUS
23
Pedestrian LOS Inputs: “After” Condition
24
Pedestrian LOS Score and Letter: “After” Condition
25
Bicycle LOS Inputs: “After” Condition
( ) ( [ ])
2
𝑉 1
+( 0.199× 𝑓 𝑠 × [1 +0.1038 𝐻𝑉 ] )+ 7.066×
2
− (0.005×𝑊 𝑒 )+0.760
2
𝐵𝐿𝑂𝑆=0.507×ln
4𝑁 𝑃𝐶
• V / N = 9 veh/h
• SPD = 30 mph
• fs = 1.1199 × ln[SPD – 20] + 0.8103 = 3.39
• HV = 5
• PC = 3.5
• Wt = 17 ft (travel lane + bicycle lane)
• Wv = Wt × (2 – 0.005V) = 17 (2 − 0.005×9) = 33.2
• Wl = 5 ft (bicycle lane)
• %OSP = 0
• We = Wv + Wl – (0.2 × %OSP) = 33.2 + 5 – (0.2×0) = 38.2 ft
26
Bicycle LOS Score and Letter: “After” Condition
() ( [ ])
2
9 1
𝐵𝐿𝑂𝑆=0.507×ln +( 0.199×3.39× [1 +0.1038(5)] ) + 7.066×
2
− ( 0.005×38.2❑ ) +0.760
2
4 3.5
27
HCM Transit LOS Model
28
Transit Analysis: Input Data Requirements
29
Transit Analysis: Input Data
30
Transit Analysis: Headway Factor Calculation
headway factor
Ridership at this stop is estimated to be 3.15 times higher than if the stop was
served only once an hour
31
Transit Analysis: Perceived Travel Time Rate (1)
32
Transit Analysis: Perceived Travel Time Rate (2)
33
Transit Analysis: Perceived Travel Time Rate (3)
34
Transit Analysis: Perceived Travel Time Factor
35
Transit Analysis: TLOS Calculation
36
Your Turn
8' 5' 6' 12' 11' 11' 12' 6' 5' 8'
How is transit LOS affected BUS
ONLY
37
Transit LOS Inputs: “After” Condition
38
Transit LOS Score and Letter: “After” Condition
39
Multimodal Results: 48th to 49th St. Northbound, PM Peak
40
Northbound Facility Results, PM Peak
41
Truck LOS Model
42
Truck LOS: Input Data Requirements
Required inputs
• Truck free-flow speed
• Average truck speed
• Facility location (Lower 48 states/Alaska/Hawaii)
Desirable inputs (can be defaulted or estimated)
• Probability of on-time arrival
• Truck friendliness index
• Average truck toll
43
Truck LOS: Input Data
44
Truck Utility Function (1)
45
Truck Utility Function (2)
46
Probability of On-Time Arrival Estimation Methods
47
Truck Utility Function (3)
48
Truck Utility Function (4)
49
Truck LOS Calculation
50
Truck LOS Example: Input Data
51
Truck LOS Example: TTI and POTA
Facility
Type Truck TTI 95% TTI POTA
1.05 1.18 99.83%
1.10 1.35 93.77%
Rural Highways
52
Truck LOS Example: Truck Utility Function
53
Truck LOS Example: Truck LOS
(LOS E)
54
Your Turn
55
Calculation Results
TTI = 35 / 25 = 1.40
From Exhibit 119, POTA = 99.9%
From student notes, TFI = 1.00 − 0.05 = 0.95
(LOS B)
56
Resources
57
Other Possible Applications
58
Discussion and Questions
59