MIRPUR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (MUST), MIRPUR

DEPARMENT OF LAW

Legal History of Pakistan and India 1

Lecture [19] :Pakistan Movement

Rizwana Yasir
(Lecturer)

2
Date: July of15,
Legal History 2021
Pakista
 OUTLINE
Factors leading to Muslim Separatism

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 FACTORS LEADING TO MUSLIM SEPARATISM
Religious Differences:

• Muslims and Hindus have different religious.

• Islam preaches Tauheed and believes in equality of man before law.

• Muslims are believed of ALLAH, Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H).

• The Holy Book holds a cohesive approach towards life.

• Whole the Hindus follow the religion which is based on the concept of multiple Gods.

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Cont…..
Cultural and Social Differences:

• Muslims follow an Islamic culture while Hindus follow self built culture.

• Muslims burry their dead ones while Hindus burn them.

• Hindus and Muslims have totally opposite culture. 

• language and communication reflected peculiar and different ways and styles.

• There exist a number of social differences between the Hindus and Muslims.

• The food, their clothing, words and salutations, the gestures are totally different.
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 Cont…..
Economic Differences:

• After 1857, Muslims economy was crushed and all the trade policies were formed in such
a way so as to destroy the Muslims ambition.

• They were thrown out of Government services and their estate and properties were
removed.

• The Hindus were provided ample opportunities to make program.

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 Cont…..
Educational Differences:

• The Hindus had advanced in educational field because they readily acquired English
education.

• The Muslims were not able to acquire modern knowledge so they lacked behind in
education.

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 Cont…..

Political Differences:

There were many political differences which gave both to the partition of India. The
political differences between the Hindus and Muslims have played an important role in
the development and evolution of Two Nation Theory.
1. Hindi Urdu Controversy

In 1867,Hindus demands that Urdu should be written in Hindi Script instead of Persian
script. This created another gap between Hindus and Muslims.

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 Cont…..

2. Congress Attitude
The Indian national Congress was founded in 1885.It claimed to represent all communities
of India but oppressed all Muslim ideas and supported the Hindus.
3. Partition of Bengal
In 1905,the partition of Bengal ensured a number of political benefits for the Muslims but
the Hindus launched an agitation against the partition and partition was cancelled in
1911.

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 Cont…..
Self Respect and Dignity:

• Hindus always hated Muslims and they never want Muslims to get success in any field of life

• British government played a vital role in keeping Muslims backward by eliminating all job
vacancies in subcontinent.

• Hindus tried to rape Muslim women and tried to kill them so the self respect of Muslims was
badly damaged in subcontinent .

• It was necessary for them to demand for a separate homeland where they have complete free
atmosphere to live a perfect religious life with perfect self respect and dignity.

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 Cont…..
Language:

• Hindus and Muslims have different languages. 

• Muslims and Hindus wrote and spoke two different languages .

• The language of the former was Urdu and it was written in Arabic Script.

• Hindi language was spoken by Hindus and it was written in Sanskrit.

• Urdu and Hindi language had the difference in writing, thoughts of poetry, arts,
painting and words of music. Even this small difference lead to a stirring conflict
between the two nations.
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Partition of Bengal 1905

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Simla Delegation 1906

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Establishment of Muslim League 1906

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Establishment of Muslim League 1906

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Establishment of Muslim League 1906

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 Establishment of Muslim League 1906
Objectives of All India Muslim League

1. To create an understanding between the government and the Indian Muslims, and to
promote the feelings of loyalty among them.
2. To co-ordinate with other nations and political parties for general welfare of the
people.
3. To protect the rights of the Muslim nations, and to interact with the government and
other agencies for this purpose.
4. Achievements of the self-government suitable to the circumstances of the sub-
continent.

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 Causes of the Establishment of Muslim League

• Establishment of Indian national congress

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 Causes of the Establishment of Muslim League

• Establishment of Indian National Congress

• Partition of Bengal
The partition of Bengal (1905) on administrative grounds was in the favor of the
Muslims, created new situation in politics. The partition proved a blessing for the
Muslims. Therefore, Hindus strongly opposed the partition and asked for its cancellation.
This opposition also became the cause of the establishment of political party of Muslims

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 Causes of the Establishment of Muslim League

• Urdu Hindi Controversy

• Political Reforms
In the start of the 20 century, The Liberal Party won the elections in England and
announced the implementation of certain political reforms. The chances of the
reformation of political institutions provided an opportunity for the Muslims to form
a political party to protect their representation.

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 Causes of the Establishment of Muslim League

• Simla Deputation
A deputation of Muslim leaders called on Lord Minto, the Vicroy. on 1st October 1906
at Simla. Sir Agha Khan, the Head of the Deputation, presented a memorandum and
requested for basic political, economic, cultural and other rights for the Muslims. One
of the important demands was to introduce a system of separate electorate for the
Muslims. The response of Viceroy was encouraging. On the way back the members of
Deputation seriously felt the need of a Muslim political party. So all India Muslim
League emerged on the scene

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THANKS