BBA Business Ethics-2
BBA Business Ethics-2
BBA Business Ethics-2
Culture
CULTURE(संस्कृ ति)
Derived from Latin word ‘’cultura’’ Which
means cultivating.
Culture is the characteristics and knowledge
of particular group of people, encompassing
language, religion, cuisine, social habits,
music and arts. "Culture encompasses religion,
food, what we wear, how we wear it,
our language, marriage, music, what we
believe is right or wrong, how we sit at the
table, how we greet visitors, how we behave
with loved ones, and a million other things,"
TYPES OF CULTURE
Western Culture: (European Culture)
Eastern Culture (Asian Culture)
Latin Culture (Latin America: Portugal Cult.)
Middle-East Culture (he Middle East is the
birthplace of Judaism, Christianity and
Islam.)
African Culture( Nigeria, Ethiopia, Egypt,
Kenya, etc.*54* countries)
REGIONALISM(क्षेत्रवाद)
America,Swaziland,Australia,Germany,England
COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION
CULTURAL IMPACT ON
COMMUNICATION
People living in different cultures have
different habits, values and ways of
expression. These differences are cultural
differences which cause problems when
people communicate. The following points
can highlight more about such differences:
1.BODY MOVEMENT
Our body sends non-word messages through
hands, fingers, eyes, head, face and so on.
These non-word messages have a different
meaning in different cultures, such as:
Handshake: Americans like to greet by the firm
of handshake while Chinese do not like much
touching to greet. Rather they bow to greet
people.
Eye contact: In U.S.A people maintain eye
contact while speaking to provide importance.
Whereas, in Indonesia, looking directly at
people considered to be disrespectful.
Fingers: Use of two fingers to show victory sign is a
symbol of success in U.S.A. The same symbol has a
vulgar meaning in Australia. In Japan such sign
represents money. Even the use of “thumbs up”
means “things are well” in England and U.S.A but it
has a negative meaning in Nigeria.
Head movement: Up and down movement of the
head means “Yes” and a side to side movement of
the head means “No” in U.S.A. whereas, up and
down movement of the head means “No” and side to
side movement of the head means “Yes” in Bulgaria.
Smile: A smile is viewed as a positive sign in
American culture but considered as a sign of
weakness in African cultures. So, all cultures use
body movements during communication but in
different ways.
2) SPACE:
Space is viewed differently by different
cultures. In some cultures, people maintain
distance in other cultures, people want to be
close. For example, North Americans
maintain two feet distance while speaking.
But Arabians stand close while speaking.
Americans view space as a “Right” but
Arabians view space as “Indecent”(Bad).
3) TIME
Some cultures regard time as an important
factor everywhere but some other cultures
view time in a more relaxed way. People
from U.S.A, U.K or Europe maintain time
efficiently; whereas Arabians are late to
show that they are busy.
4) RELIGION:
Religion is an important socio-cultural factor
and guides way of living and future thinking.
It affects consumption, business, and
attitude.
For example Trading of liquor is restricted in
Muslim countries but open to the western
world. Moreover “Interest” on loan is
prohibited in Islamic banking but very
common in Commercial Banking.
5) SOCIAL VALUES
Social view differs from culture to culture in the following areas:
Living style: Some cultures lead luxurious life while others may not.
Arabians give emphasis on luxurious life and spend huge during the
lifetime. They view luxury as a status whereas Japanese are the hard
worker and save more and more for future.
Class status: In many cultures, questions on occupation, income and
job title are asked without any hesitation. But cultures which support
human equality avoid such questions. In Bangladesh, people feel free
to talk about status but English man hesitates to talk about it.
Addressing people: In many cultures, people are addressed by their