Key Takeaways: Multiculturalism
Key Takeaways: Multiculturalism
Key Takeaways: Multiculturalism
Robert Longley
Updated June 18, 2019
Multiculturalism Theories
The two primary theories or models of multiculturalism as the manner in which
different cultures are integrated into a single society are best defined by the
metaphors commonly used to describe them—the “melting pot” and the “salad
bowl” theories.
The melting pot model has been criticized for reducing diversity, causing people
to lose their traditions, and for having to be enforced through governmental
policy. For example, the U.S. Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 forced the
assimilation of nearly 350,000 Indians into American society without any regard
for the diversity of Native American heritage and lifestyles.
The salad bowl theory asserts that it is not necessary for people to give up their
cultural heritage in order to be considered members of the dominant society. For
example, African Americans do not need to stop observing Kwanzaa rather than
Christmas in order to be considered “Americans.”
On the negative side, the cultural differences encouraged by the salad bowl model
can divide a society resulting in prejudice and discrimination. In addition, critics
point to a 2007 study conducted by American political scientist Robert Putnam
showing that people living in salad bowl multicultural communities were less
likely to vote or volunteer for community improvement projects.
Proponents of cultural diversity argue that it makes humanity stronger and may,
in fact, be vital to its long-term survival. In 2001, the General Conference of
UNESCO took this position when it asserted in its Universal Declaration on
Cultural Diversity that “...cultural diversity is as necessary for humankind as
biodiversity is for nature.”
Prostitution is a gendered, sexualized, and racialized labor system, one that typically involves
the exchange of sexual services for money, goods, or other benefits. Sex work encompasses
different types of intimate arrangements that blur the boundaries between erotic, emotional, and
economic labor.
Prostitution
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HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, our body’s natural defence against
illness.
If HIV is left untreated, a person’s immune system will get weaker and weaker
until it can no longer fight off life-threatening infections and diseases.
Testing regularly for HIV means you can get antiretroviral treatment if you need it
and stay healthy.
AIDS describes a set of symptoms and illnesses that happen at the final stage of
HIV infection, if left untreated.
What is HIV?
HIV is a virus that attacks cells in the immune system, which is our body’s natural
defence against illness. The virus destroys a type of white blood cell in the immune
system called a T-helper cell, and makes copies of itself inside these cells. T-helper cells
are also referred to as CD4 cells.
As HIV destroys more CD4 cells and makes more copies of itself, it gradually weakens a
person’s immune system. This means that someone who has HIV, and isn’t taking
antiretroviral treatment, will find it harder and harder to fight off infections and diseases.
If HIV is left untreated, it may take up to 10 or 15 years for the immune system to be so
severely damaged that it can no longer defend itself at all. However, the rate at which
HIV progresses varies depending on age, general health and background.
What is AIDS?
AIDS is a set of symptoms (or syndrome as opposed to a virus) caused by HIV. A person
is said to have AIDS when their immune system is too weak to fight off infection, and
they develop certain defining symptoms and illnesses. This is the last stage of HIV, when
the infection is very advanced, and if left untreated will lead to death.
AIDS stands for acquired immune deficiency syndrome; it’s also called advanced
HIV infection or late-stage HIV.
AIDS is a set of symptoms and illnesses that develop as a result of advanced HIV
infection which has destroyed the immune system.
Fewer people develop AIDS now because treatment for HIV means that more
people are staying well.
Although there is no cure for HIV, with the right treatment and support, people living
with HIV can enjoy long and healthy lives. To do this, it’s especially important to commit
to taking treatment correctly.