Specialist Maths: Calculus Week 6 Definite Integrals & Areas
Specialist Maths: Calculus Week 6 Definite Integrals & Areas
Specialist Maths: Calculus Week 6 Definite Integrals & Areas
Calculus
Week 6
Definite Integrals & Areas
Definite Integrals
• If f x is a continuous function for
• a x b and F x f x dx
f x dx F b F a
b
a
What happened to the constant c
f x dx F b c F a c
b
f x dx F b c F a c
b
a
f x dx F b F a
b
a
Definitions
f x dx F b F a
b
f x dx 0
a
f x dx f x dx
b a
a b
kf x dx k f x dx
b b
a a
[ f x g ( x)]dx f x dx g ( x)dx
b b b
a a a
f x dx f x dx g ( x)dx
b m b
a a m
Example 22 Evaluate
3
cos 2 x dx
0
Solution 22
3
Evaluate cos 2 x dx
0
3
cos 2 x dx
0
1 3
sin 2 x
2 0
1 2 1
sin sin 2 0
2 3 2
1 3 3
0
2 2 4
Graphics Calculator for Example 1
3
cos 2 x dx (CASSIO)
0
F2(Rad) EXIT
OPTN F4 (calc)
F4 ( dx)
6
cot 3 x dx
12
cos 3x
6
dx
12 sin 3x
1
6
cos 3xdx
12 sin 3 x
Solution 23 (cont)
1
6
cos 3 xdx
12 sin 3 x
u sin 3 x
du 1 du
3 cos 3 x cos 3 x
dx 3 dx
3
u sin
3
sin
1
u ( ) sin sin 1 12 12 4 2
6 6 2
1 1 1 du
1
6
cos 3 xdx 1 dx
12 sin 3 x 2 u 3 dx
Solution 23 (continued)
1
1 1 1
6
cos 3 xdx ln 1 ln
12 sin 3 x 3 3 2
1 1 1 du
1 dx 1 12
u 3 dx 0 ln 2
2
3
1 1 1
1 du 1 1
ln 2
3 2 u 3 2
1
1 1
ln u
3 1 ln 2
2 6
Area Determination
• If f (x) is a positive continuous function in
the interval a x b then the shaded
area is given by
b y
a
f ( x) dx y f (x)
a b x
Area for function that is also negative
y
a b c x
b c
Area f ( x) dx f ( x) dx
a b
Example 24
Find the area between the curve y 4sin2x and the
x - axis for 0 x .
Solution 24
• Find the area between the curve y 4 sin 2 x
and the x-axis for 0 x
Step 1 draw the curve on graphics calculator and find the x intercepts
y
4 sin 2 x 0
sin 2 x 0
o
2
x
2 x 0 k 2 or 2 x k 2
x 0 k or x k
2
for 0 x
x 0, x or x
2
Solution 24 continued
Step 2 state the area relation
Area 2
4 sin 2 x dx 4 sin 2 x dx
0
2
y g (x)
a b y
a f ( x) g ( x) dx
b
Area
Example 25
Find the area between y cos x and y cos 2 x
for 0 x
Solution 25
• Find the area between
y cos x and y cos 2 x for 0 x
Step 1 draw the graph.
y
y cos 2 x
y cos x
Solution 25 continued
Step 2 find the points of intersection
cos x cos 2 x
cos x 2 cos 2 x 1
0 2 cos 2 x cos x 1
0 (2 cos x 1)(cos x 1)
1
cos x or cos x 1
2
2
x or x 0
3
Solution 25 continued
Step 3 state the definite integral for the area and calculate it
2
Area
0
3
cos x cos 2 x dx
2
1 3
sin x sin 2 x
2 0
2 1 4 1
sin sin sin 0 sin 0
3 2 3 2
3 1 3
2 2 2
3 3
2 4
2 3 3
3 3
units 2
4 4
This Week
• Text Book Pages 258 to 263
• Exercise 7D3 Q 1 – 2
• Exercise 7D4 Q 1 – 6
• Exercise 7D5 Q 1 – 3
• Questions 5 & 6 from Review Sets 6A – 6C
• Review Sets 7A – 7D