Turningtorso Arsam

TURNING TORSO
CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION
• CONCEPT
• STRUCTURE
• CONSTRUCTION
• CORE
• SLAB
• SPINE
• LATERAL LOADS
• WIND LOADS
• BUILDING SERVICES
• FACADE
• PLAN
• COST ANALYSIS AND TIME
• CONSTRAIN OF RESOURCES
• GREEN ASPECTS
• SUSTAINABILITY
• SAFETY MEASURES
• SITE SURVEY
INTRODUCTION
• Architect: Santiago Calatrava
• Location: Malmo, Sweden
• Design: 1999-2001
• Construction: 2001-2005
• Type: Residential Tower
• Structure: Core and Slabs (concrete)
• Exoskeleton: Steel
• Levels: 56
• Facade Area: 215,278 sqft.
• Net Floor Area: 227,710 sq. ft.
• Height: 190.0 m
• Average Floor Area: 400.0 m²
• Total Residential Space: 14,600 m²
(Cubes 3-9)
• Total Office Space: 4,200 m² (First 2
cubes)
CONCEPT
• Based on the sculpture,
“Twisting Torso” exploring
the human body in
motion, twisting as far as
it can naturally being
pushed while staying
directly upright.
• Form is made up of 9
cubes, each individual cube
containing five stories.
• Twists 90 degrees from the
ground level to the top
floor.
STRUCTURAL ELEMENT
STRUCTURE
• Each floor consists of a square
section around the core and a
triangular part supported by
an external steel structure.
• The central core is supported
by a foundation slab.
• The corner of each floor is a
concrete column supported by
a pile foundation.
Concrete perimeter column
Vertically continuous
perimeter walls
Concrete floor slab

cantilevered from
core
Circular hallway
Concrete core
17 mts
FOUNDATION
• The foundation of the Turning Torso is a cylindrical
box with a diameter of 30m and a depth of 15m.
• The foundation slab rests on the limestone bedrock
and has a depth of 7m.
• The main load-bearing structure is a circular
reinforced concrete core, whose center
corresponds exactly to the rotation center of the
floors.
• The core’s inner diameter is 10.6m and is constant.
• The thickness of the concrete is 2.5m at the
bottom and gradually tapers to 0.4m at the top.
• Inside the core is the elevator and the
staircase core, which is a secondary
structural element.
• The tower rests on piles driven into a foundation
of solid limestone bedrock at 49ft. below ground
level.
CONSTRUCTION
• Illustration of the general
structure of the Turning Torso.
• (1) shows a typical floor plan,
where the grey circle denotes
the core and blue shapes
denote the steel framework.
• (2) shows the way the nine
segments fit around the core.
• (3) is a di-metric projection
of the tower.
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
• After finishing the foundations started the construction of the concrete
core. The core was cast in a sliding form, which means that the form is
suspended between vertical beams and can slide upwards, one floor at a
time, by way of jacks.
• The walls around staircase and lifts were poured in forms suspended
underneath the sliding form. The walls were poured in connection with
the casting of the core. Once the concrete had hardened to a pre‐
determined degree, the core form as well as the forms for the staircase
and lift shafts could then climb upwards to the next floor.
• The next step in the pouring cycle was to form and pour the structural slab
around the core before the cycle could be repeated with the core and lift
shafts. Most of the reinforcement was prefabricated at shop in order to
form large “steel cages” and then erected to its final position where can be
overlapped .
ERECTION PROCESS
Automatic Climbing Structure Pouring of the Concrete ACS climbs up
Tableforms are added Tableforms complete Reinforcement added and

floor poured
• During the pouring of each slab the temporary supports were kept at least
7 levels below.
• The core, lift shafts and structural slabs were poured with vibrated
concrete while the transversal bracing walls under each cube were made
with so‐called self‐compacting concrete. Because of its flow capacity, this
type of concrete does not need vibrating. This method was used because
the transversal walls were made after the structural slab above and below
them were finished, making it impossible to insert vibration rods down
into the concrete.
• The forms for the floors were rotated approx. 1.6 degrees for each floor in
order to create the characteristic twist of the building. The time table
dictated that a new floor tier was poured every 10th day on the average
for more than a year.
• The erection of the exterior exoskeleton started when the construction
of the concrete structure had reached the 5th cube and was completed
few weeks later than the concrete.
• Finally the façade and interior finishes were completed.
Concrete floor slab 1 ft thk Concrete tube core Concrete perimeter column
cantilevered from the core d = 10.6 m or 35
ft
Steel spine
CORE
• The core is the main load- bearing
structure.
• Large concrete pipe, with an inner
diameter of 35ft.
• The walls are 8ft. Thick at the
bottom, gradually shifting to 1ft.
thick at the top.
• The elevator shafts and
staircases
are located inside the core.
SLAB
• The structural slab is fitted around the core.
• The forms for the structural slab are triangular shapes, together forming a
floor.
• The forms were rotated 1.6 degrees for each floor in order to create
the characteristic twist of the building.
• Standard Slabs
• Each cube is composed of 6 rc slabs. The upper 5 are standard slabs 27
cm thick, fully fixed to the concrete core and supported by means of steel
columns at the perimeter that transfer the load to the lower conical slab.
• Deck levels : Diagonals anchorage

• The upper slab of each cube or “deck level” is where the diagonals and
horizontals are connected. These slabs are thicker at the anchorage
area.
Conical slab: 90-40 cm
thickness
Deck level : Diagonals

and
Horizontals
anchorages
Standard Floors: 27 cm
thickness
Conical slab: 90-40 cm

thickness
SPINE
• The steel support is located on the
exterior of the building, which is
linked together by the spine,
acting as the loading backbone
from the winds.
• The steel support transfers shear
forces to the supporting
concrete core.
• Each steel section of the spine
has to
fit precisely in the one below it.
• The system consists of a spine
column at the corner of each floor.
• There are 20 horizontal and 18
diagonal elements known as
CIGAR that reach to each side of
the glazed spine.
• Stabilizers also connect the floor
LATERAL LOADS
Spine
Cantilever Floor Slab
Concrete Core
Foundation
WIND LOADS
• The twisted form can be very
effective, alleviating the effects of
vortex-shedding induced by lateral
wind loads and minimizing the
wind loads from prevailing
direction.
• When analyzing the structure under
wind loads, Calatrava found that
the Turning Torso could move up
to 3ft. at the top during the most
severe storm .
• Giant pins attached to the ground
were then implemented, decreasing
the movement to less than a foot
during the most severe storm,
which is nearly unnoticeable.
FACAD
• The facade panels, made of
glass(orange) and aluminum
E
panel(yellow) of the turning torso
were double curved (double
curvature like a sphere) due to the
building’s twist.
• In total, the facade was composed
of 2,800 panels and 2,250
windows. Facade is a glass and
aluminum construction
• 2,800 panels and 2,250 windows
• Follow the twist of the building,
the windows are leaning either
inwards or outwards by 0 to 7
degrees.
COST ANALYSIS
Cost in real life
• The total cost of Turning Torso was 1600 million SEK.
• 1 SEK (Sweden Kronor) = 5.58760 AUD (Australian)
• 1600000000 x 5.58760 = $286348275.33; 286.5 million.
Cost in theory (Residential + Offices)

• 53million + 27.5million = 80.5 million.
Difference between ‘cost in theory’ + ‘cost in real life’.

• The cost for in real life was 286.5 million and in theory should have
been
80.5 million. Clearly there were blowouts in the cost of construction.
Commercial Cost- Elemental
Residential Cost- Elemental
CONSTRAIN OF RESOURCES
• Architect Santiago Calatrava calculated the wrong amount of reinforcing
iron to use. Instead of 1850 tons of reinforcing iron, they now calculate
with using 4400 tons of reinforcing iron.
• This means a huge cost increase and an increased construction time
(one year extra).
• The outside steel frame has also had its cost increase. It has became 30
million SEK more expensive, due to the need to build a stronger and
more complicated frame than anticipated.
• The ongoing strike among the electricians makes the construction
of Turning Torso 10 million SEK more expensive every week.
TIME - KEY DATES
• Ground breaking 14th
Feb 2001
May 2003
• Construction started
June 2001
• Casting of foundation
March 2002
• Foundations complete
August 2002
• Completion date
Jan 2004
November
2005
GREEN
• ASPECTS
There will be waste mills in every apartment.
• Other kind of waste can be sorted close to Turning Torso.
• Waste from the construction site had already sorted.
• Consumed electricity and heat will be measured individually for
each apartment.
• During the construction, they try to use environmental-friendly
materials. For instance, they avoid use of copper for tap water pipes.
• All inhabitants will be offered an environmental education
especially designed for Turning Torso.
SUSTAINABILITY
Energy Efficiency
• Electricity is supplied with 100% locally produced renewable energy
through the energy concept developed by sydkraft.
• Heat is supplied by solar cells and underground water reservoirs, aquifers.
• All installations are energy efficient.
• Rain water harvesting.
Waste management
• Kitchen waste disposal unit in every apartment for grinding organic
waste.
• Waste transported through separate pipes for decomposition and
biogas production at Malmo's waste incinerator and heat plant.
• Recycling is done in building itself.
• None recyclable waste collected in a garbage chute at the basement
level.
• The tower is made from concrete, steel, glass and recyclable
aluminum.
• In order to follow the building’s twisting structure, which
was inspired by a human body in movement, the glass facade
features complex double-curved shape.
• Each apartment monitors heat and water consumption,
allowing inhabitants to plan their energy and living
costs.
• The flat’s kitchens have organic waste grinding and
disposal
facilities that convert food waste into biogas energy.
• Thus building also features a high degree of energy and water
efficiency.
SAFETY MEASURES (execution)
• Steel mesh barrier is durable,
strong, adjustable and
lightweight and combines the
guardrails, toe board, and steel
mesh barrier into one product.
• It protects workers at the edge
of horizontal or low-sloping
surfaces.
• It is designed with closed-return
for greater debris containment
and uses precast sockets, clamps
or anchored components for base
attachments and posts for upright
supports.
• Also the steel mesh barrier
system was maintained and
inspected once in every week.

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TURNING TORSO

Concrete floor slab

Automatic Climbing Structure Pouring of the Concrete ACS climbs up

Tableforms are added Tableforms complete Reinforcement added and

• Deck levels : Diagonals anchorage

Deck level : Diagonals

Conical slab: 90-40 cm

Cantilever Floor Slab

Cost in theory (Residential + Offices)

Difference between ‘cost in theory’ + ‘cost in real life’.

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