Animals World

By: Kathleen Chavez

 Animals World

Animals are the great

resource of this world
and they populate in
every corner of the
world. They are the
fascinating and joy
inspiring creatures of the
world.
Vertebrates Invertebrates

 Fish  Annelids
 Amphibians  Mollusks
 Reptiles  Arthropods
 Birds  Echinoderm
 Mammals  Protozoa
 Nematodes
 Platyhelminths
 Vertebrates Invertebrates

An animal An animal that

that has a is lack of spinal
backbone. column or
backbone.
 Vertebrates
1. Fishes are vertebrates
found in salty, fresh,
cold or even hot
water. Most have
scales for protection,
paired fins for
movement and gills for
gas exchange. Fishes
may lay eggs to
reproduce or give
birth to live young.
They are cold
bloodied because
their body
temperature changes
when environment
temperature changes.
Certain fishes do not
have true teeth or
may be jawless as
 Jawless Fishes
Hag Fish
 Jawless fishes belong to Class
Agnatha. Examples are the
lampreys and hag fish.
Lampreys, being parasites,
have tooth-like structures in
their mouth that can attach to
bodies of other fishes and
feed on their tissues and
blood. The hagfish is wormlike
and use a toothlike tongue to
eat dead organisms. Lamprey
 Cartilaginous
Skate Fish
Fish
 Any of a class of fishes
(as a shark, ray, or skate)
having the skeleton
wholly or largely
composed of cartilage Shark
compare to bony fish
and jawless fish. Some of
them eat floating
planktons while others
feed on invertebrates at
the bottom of seas and
Ray
oceans.
Whale Shark

 Sharks may feed on

small fishes or on
floating algae. The
whale shark, the
largest fish, and
locally known as
Butanding is found in
marine waters of
Cebu, Sorsogon and
Dumaguete.
 Bony Fishes
 The diverse groups of bony
Globe Fish
fishes belong to Class
Osteichthyes. These are
the fishes that have an
endoskeleton made of
hard, calcium material
called bone. Bony fishes
are more familiar to you
like bangus (milkfish), tuna,
goldfish, and tilapia. The
non-familiar lungfish Milk Fish
breathes through the lungs
in addition to having gills
also for respiration.
 Amphibians

 Amphibia means “double life” from which amphibians got

their name. This refers to animals that live part in water and
part on land. Most lay small, shell-less eggs surrounded by
jellylike substance in moist places or in water.
 Three Groups of Amphibians

1.Caecilians 2. Salamander
3. Toad And Frog
• Amphibians are divided into three groups, the
caecilians, salamanders, and frog and toads.

• Caecilians live in water or bury themselves in moist

soil.
• Salamanders live in forest floors under rocks and
decaying logs.
• Both frogs and toads jump. Some frogs can leap
and attach to tree trunks and branches. Toads are
terrestrial and can even survive in hot places or
desert. Frogs have smooth skin while toads have
rough or warty skin. Frogs and toads eat worms,
insects or small animals.
 Reptiles
Reptiles are animals that exhibit more adaptations for living on land.
They lay eggs with shells to protect them from drying. They also have
smooth or rough scales for protection from loss of body water.
Lizard

Lizards and snakes have smooth

scales. Examples of lizards are the
house lizard, gecko (tuko), monitor
lizard (bayawak), chameleon and
horned toad.
 Lizards

House Lizard Gecko(Tuko)

Monitor Lizard (Bayawak)

Chameleon Horned Toad
 Snakes

 Snakes are legless and have

flexible jaws to enable them
to swallow their prey whole.
A common snake species is
the reticulated python seen
in zoos. Poisonous species
include the cobra and the
rattle snake. Snakes
however, avoid people and
do not attack unless
provoked or hurt.
 Crocodiles and Alligators

 Are also reptiles. They are predators of fish, deers, small

cows or carabaos, and even attack humans. Alligators
live in freshwater and are only found in North and South
America. Crocodiles live in fresh and salty waters in
tropical and subtropical regions. In the Philippines, two
species are present, the endemic Crocodylus
mindorensis (Philippine Crocodile) and the saltwater
Crocodylus porosus. The Philippine crocodile is
considered a critically endangered crocodile species in
the world
Alligator and Crocodile
 Turtles and Tortoise

 Bodies of turtles and tortoises are

enclosed in a shell. The head, legs
and tail are pulled inside this shell as
protection from predators. Tortoises
live on land while turtles live mostly
in water. Pawikan (marine turtles)
live in the sea and females come to
shore only to lay eggs. There are
species of marine turtles which are
at present in danger of extinction.
 Birds

If reptiles are adapted to land life, most birds are adapted
to fly. Characteristics of birds that enable them to fly
include: presence of wings and feathers, large flight
muscles in the breast bone and reduced weight. Birds
weigh less because their bones are light and hollow filled
with air. Birds also have eggs with shells and the legs are
covered with scales. Their body temperature remains the
same despite varying environmental temperature due to
the insulation provided by feathers.
Mammals

Mammals differ from other animals

because they have mammary glands that
produce milk to nourish their young and
most have hair or fur. They breathe in air,
have four-chambered hearts and are
warm-bloodied. Most of them also give
birth to live young and care for them.
 1. Monotremes
Platypus
 The first group of
mammals, called
monotremes, lay eggs
similar to those of birds.
The spiny anteater
(echidnas) living in
Australia, New Zealand
and New Guinea as well
as the duck-billed Spiny Anteater
platypus are
monotremes
2. Marsupials

 Marsupials or the  Some marsupials are

pouched mammals also found in Central and
give birth to live young. South America. The
After birth, the young are opossum lives only in
kept inside pouches and North America. Others,
are nourished with the such as the more familiar
milk from the mammary koalas, kangaroos and
glands within these wombats, are found in
pouches. Australia and New
Zealand.
Koalas Kangaroo

Wombat
 3. Eutherians

The eutherians comprise the largest group

of mammals. Known as the placental
mammals, they bear fully developed
young inside the mother’s uterus. These
young are attached to the placenta
through which they receive nourishment
until they are born. After birth, they
continue to be cared for and nourished
by milk from the mammary glands.
 Order Characteristics Examples
Insectivora insect-eating shrews, moles
Chiroptera flying bats
Rodentia gnawing rats, mice, squirrels
Lagomorpha rodentlike rabbits, hares
Edentata toothless armadillos
Cetacea aquatic whales, dolphins
Sirenia aquatic dugong, manatee
Proboscidea trunk-nosed elephants
Carnivora flesh-eating dogs, cats, bears, seals,
walruses
Ungulata hoofed foot horses, zebras, rhinoceros,
giraffes, carabaos, goats,
pigs
Primates large brain relative to body lemurs, monkeys, apes,
size humans
Primates are the most highly developed of all animals. They are
able to walk erect, with fingers and toes adapted to grasp or
hang on branches and hold things or manipulate food. They also
have a high degree of intelligence. Primates exhibit social
behavior like living in organized groups or communities. They take
care of orphaned individuals or even fight with competing
groups. Scientists would like to believe that the care given by
females to their young contribute to their ability to survive
Mammals are present in various places, from the very cold to
the warmest regions and in salt waters. Many live among
humans. Mammals have become an important part of
ecosystems. In grasslands, zebras eat plants and in turn are
killed and eaten by lions. In forests, bats eat insects and
compete with monkeys for fruits. Seeds are then spread for
plants to grow in other areas. Wastes of these mammals serve
as fertilizers to plants. In human communities, rats carry bacteria
and dogs virus that cause diseases. In farmlands, carabaos
work for people, while cows, sheep and goats provide meat
and milk. Rats destroy crops and compete with humans for rice
grains. In whatever way, good or bad, mammals affect the
ecosystems where they live.
 Invertebrates

Sponges
Sponges, the simplest animals, belong to Phylum Porifera. They live in
shallow and deep oceans. The young of sponges are motile, while adults
are attached to solid materials like rocks. The body of a hard sponge is
supported by a "skeleton” called spicules, made of either glasslike silica or
calcium carbonate. A network of protein fibers supports soft sponges. This is
the one used for bathing and washing.
Water and food enter
through the pores into the
sponge body.
Food is brought to the collar
cells with the beating of
flagella. Waste water and
materials go out of the
sponge through the
osculum.
Example of Sponges:
 Cnidarians

Members of Phylum Cnidaria consist of

animals whose tentacles contain stinging
cells called nematocysts. These poison-filled
structures are used for defense and to
capture their prey or food.Once released,
this can be painful and even fatal like an
attack by jellyfishes.
Corals form colonies of various colors and
secrete a hard skeleton. These accumulate to
form coral reefs which are of great importance
as they are one of the world’s most productive
ecosystems. A coral reef is where fishes and
other marine organisms breed. At present
however, coral reefs are destroyed by pollution
from oil spills and dynamite fishing. Add to these
the silt and sediments that flow down from
the mountains because of farming, mining and
logging activities.
Flatworms

The flatworm group belongs to Phylum Platyheminthes (in Greek platys

means flat, helmins means worm). As their name suggests, they are flat
and ribbon like organisms. Flatworms are found in freshwater, in wet
places and marine waters. They include the free-living or nonparasitic
worms, the parasitic flukes, and the tapeworm group.
Planaria is an example of a free-living flatworm. It lives in moist surfaces,
under rocks in ponds, rivers and even aquariums.Flukes are parasites
that live in other animals including humans. Tapeworms are also
parasitic flatworms like flukes without a digestive system. It can have
fish, cows and pigs as hosts. Humans can be infected with tapeworms if
they eat uncooked fish, beef or pork.
Roundworms

Roundworms are members of Phylum Nematoda. Compared to

flatworms, roundworms also known as nematodes have long,
cylindrical and slender bodies. Some roundworms are free-living while
others are parasites of animals and plants. The free-living ones are
important as they are decomposers in the soil in both marine and
freshwaters. A lot of them are found in decaying organic matter.
Parasitic roundworms can be found in moist tissues of plants and
animals. Heartworms for example can infect dogs and cats. Humans
can be infected with parasitic roundworms such as trichina worms,
hookworms and the more common pinworms and Ascaris
Roundworm
Segmented Worms

The third group of worms among the animal phyla belongs

to Phylum Annelida. Also known as annelids, these animals
are characterized by a segmented or repeated body
parts. This makes them move easily and with flexibility.
Annelids are mostly found crawling in moist soil or swimming
in sea and freshwaters. Examples of annelids are
earthworms, polychaetes and leeches. Most polychaetes
are marine living in tubes attached to rocks or sand. They
get floating food through the feathery gills. Sandworms are
examples of polychaetes.
Annelids have nervous, circulatory, digestive and
excretory systems. Each segment contains most of
the internal structures of these systems. Gas
exchange only occurs by diffusion through their skin.
This is why earthworms need to be in moist places like
under rocks or stay buried in the soil. As they feed
and burrow through the soil, they get nutrients and
eliminate wastes (castings) through the anus. In this
way they aerate the soil and the castings serve as
fertilizer.
Earthworm Polychaete
Leeches are blood-sucking
annelids. They have suckers
in both ends of their bodies
that are also used to attach
themselves to their hosts.
They secrete an anti-
clotting chemical that has
been used in medicine.
Mollusks

Mollusks (Phylum Mollusca) are soft-bodied

invertebrates with most of them covered by a shell.
They have complex respiratory, reproductive,
circulatory, digestive and excretory systems
functioning together for their survival. The mollusk’s
body has three parts: a muscular foot for
locomotion, a mantle that produces the shell, and
the visceral mass that contains their internal organs.
Mollusks consist of three classes: the Gastropods,
Bivalves and Cephalopods.
Gastropods, also called univalves, as
you have observed, has only one shell.
They are mostly marine with freshwater
and terrestrial members. Those living in
seas have gills for breathing and those
on land use the lining of their mantle as
lungs. Sea and land slugs, as well as
nudibranchs are examples of
gastropods.
You may be most familiar with the bivalves as you see
them on your dining table more often. These molluscs as
you have observed consist of two shells attached to each
other. Some bivalves are attached to rocks while others
remain in the sand or mud. They use their mantle cavity to
feed by trapping suspended particles in water and for gas
exchange. Mussels, oysters, and clams are bivalves.
The cephalopod group include the squid
and cuttlefish with internal skeleton.

The chambered nautilus has external

skeleton while the octopus is shell-less. All

cephalopods are described as the most

active mollusks, moving very fast using arms

and tentacles in catching prey.

_x0000_
Many mollusk species are utilized as food like tahong (mussels), talaba

(oyster), halaan (clam), scallops, and kuhol or suso to name some. Other
species

are made into decorative items.

Golden kuhol, however, has become a pest to rice and other crops.
They eat

a lot of plant leaves and reproduce rapidly. The giant African snail
Achatina fulica

was found to be an intermediate host to a rat lungworm that causes

meningitis._x0000_
Echinoderms

You can be fascinated by the star-shaped sea star or the spine–studded sea

urchin and the appearance of the sand dollar. Along with the brittle star and the
sea

cucumber, they belong to Phylum Echinodermata. All echinoderms are found in a

marine environment. Sea lily, another echinoderm, is rooted in the sand at the

bottom of the sea, while sea cucumber burrows in mud of deep or shallow waters.

Parts of most echinoderms radiate from the center of the body. They also

have spines which are extensions made of hard calcium. Under the skin, these form

an internal skeleton called the endoskeleton.

Sea stars have the ability to
regenerate. A cut arm can
easily regrow into a new sea
star. Unique to echinoderms is
the presence of the water-
filled tubes that spread out to
form the tube feet. Tube feet
are used for getting food,
moving around and gas
exchange.
Echinoderm species which are edible include the sea urchin and sea

cucumber. Holothuria edulis, a sea cucumber, is dried and used as

ingredient for

chopsuey and soups.

Remember the role of coral reefs in the environment? Sea urchins

are

important to coral reefs because they consume algae that otherwise

overgrow and

can kill the corals. In contrast, the sea star, crown of thorns, are
predators of coral

polyps posing a threat to the existence of the reefs.

 The End
Thank You
Hope You Learned
A Lot :)