Intelligence Surveillance

CORPORATE CRIME INVESTIGATION & PREVENTION
Dusit Hotel Nikko, Ayala Center, Makati City

November 10, 1999
 General Definitions;
 Objectives of Surveillance;
 Preparations for Surveillance;
 General Surveillance Procedures;
 Methods of Surveillance;
 Techniques of Foot Surveillance;
 Techniques of Vehicle Surveillance; and
 Fixed Surveillance or Stakeout.
SURVEILLANCE
 Planned observance of persons, places or objects;
 It is primarily concerned on persons;
 Places and objects can be closely watched but are
generally incidental to the primary interest of seeking
information about people;
 A matter of common sense, ability, tact and ingenuity of
surveillant;
 Carefully planned and properly executed surveillance can
be of considerable assistance in an investigation;
 Lack of preparation, poor timing and unwise practices can
be detrimental to the investigation.
TERMINOLOGIES
 SUBJECT OF SURVEILLANCE – any person, place,
object being watched;
 SURVEILLANT – the person doing surveillance or
maintains the watch;
 CONVOY – is an associate of the subject who follows the
subject in an attempt to detect surveillance;
 CONTACT – any person with whom the subject speaks, to
whom he gives articles, or from whom he receives articles;
 MADE – being “made” means that the surveillant has been
recognized as the surveillant by the subject or convoy. It is
also means the subject being recognized by the surveillant as
the subject.
OBJECTIVES
 Locate the residence of, business places of, and other
places frequented by associates or accomplices of
persons of interest to the investigation;
 Locates persons of interest to the investigation
watching their habitats and associates;
 Obtain detailed information concerning the scope and
nature of a person’s activities;
 Secure a basis for obtaining a search warrant;
 Check on informants and their information.
PREPARATION FOR SURVEILLANCE
 Regardless of the purpose, sensitivity

or method requires considerable advance
planning and preparation;
 Success in surveillance is directly
proportionate to the adequacy of planning
and preparation.
AREA & TARGET STUDY
 All available information on the area must be collected,
studied and analyzed;
 Area in which the subject lives, works and spend leisure time
must be examined and studied;
 Reconnaissance should be made on the road, transportation
and traffic systems in areas in which moving surveillance is
anticipated;
 The nature, location and type of buildings to be encountered
should also be considered;
 Study of the subject’s should include complete physical
description, manner of dress, habits, interests, probable degree
of security consciousness, type of transportation used, names
and addresses of like contacts, financial status and other
factors.
SURVEILLANCE PLAN
 The plan must establish the number of type of personnel
required and must include the general and specific instructions
for surveillants;
 The plan must assign tasks to teams or individual
surveillants, provide administrative and logistical support,
prescribe communication methods and procedures and
establish necessary control measures;
 The plan may be formal or informal, written or oral;
 The plan should be sufficiently detailed but should not be so
restrictive.
SELECTION OF PERSONNEL
 Selection of personnel to participate in a surveillance
must be done with utmost care;
 If a choice must be made between conducting a
surveillance with an inadequate number of qualified
surveillants and a full complement which includes
unqualified personnel, the former choice is preferable.
PRINCIPAL QUALIFICATION OF
SURVEILLANTS
 Inconspicuous Physical Appearance;
 Ability to remain unnoticed;
 Resourcefulness;
 Patience and Physical Stamina;
 Keen Sensory Perception and Retentive Memory;
 Prior Surveillance Experience.
ADMINISTRATIVE AND LOGISTICAL
ARRANGEMENTS
 Surveillant personnel must be relieved of other duties and
appropriate orders for them must be issued;
 Any special documentation which may be required must be
procured;
 Funds to cover projected and contingency expenditures must
be provided.
 Arrangement for transportation – this will normally include
vehicles for moving surveillance as well as transportation to and
from fixed observation points;
 Special supplies such as special clothing, photo equipment,
audio communications equipment and similar logistical items will
frequently be required in surveillance operation and must be
arranged well in advance of actual need in most situation.
COMMUNICATION AND CONTROL
MANAGEMENT
 The success of any surveillance operation is dependent in
large measure upon a reliable means of communication.
 Radio, telephone, sound or visual may be employed alone or
in combination to achieve adequate communications;
 Aural and visual signals to be used between surveillants
must be developed carefully;
 Signals must be practiced numerous times before actual
employment in a surveillance;
 Radio communications should be established primarily;
 One central point must be established for direction and
coordination of operations at all times;
 Chain of command must be clearly prescribed from the
individual surveillant to the control point.
GENERAL SURVEILLANCE PROCEDURES
IDENTIFICATION OF SUSPECT
 Positive identification of the subject should be obtained prior

to starting the surveillance;
 Pointed out the subject and allow the surveillant to make a
personal observation;
 Surveillant should secure a photograph of the subject and his
complete physical description.
DRESS OF SURVEILLANT
 Surveillant’s attire should be in harmony with the area or neighborhood in
which the surveillance is to be conducted;
 Surveillant should not wear clothing which is too loud or too conservative;
 Not uncommon for men to wear short-sleeved shirts with no coat;
 On a military reservation, it may be best to wear the appropriate uniform
for surveillance work;
 Care should be exercise in wearing rank or branch insignia other than that
authorized;
 Investigator would be less conspicuous in a service club if he wore the
uniform and rank of an enlisted manor, club rules permitting civilian clothing;
 Uniform also may be worn during surveillance work in civil areas where
uniformed soldiers re not uncommon.
PRECAUTIONS
 Do not make an abrupt unnatural move from doorway to doorway, from
tree to tree, or behind automobiles;
 Do not use theatrical disguise;
 Never stare directly at the subject;
 Never look directly at the subject’s eye;
 Do not attempt to appear innocent;
 When in a dangerous neighborhood, walk near the curb and thus
reduce the possibility of attack from doorways and alleys;
 Exercise extreme caution in dark alleys;
 Never appear to speak or appear to recognize another surveillant
unless absolutely necessary to accomplish mission;
 During the course of a surveillance over the extended period of time,
avoid recognition and ignore the presence of the acquaintances or
relative if at all possible.
DURING CONVEYANCES
TAXICAB
 If the subject enters a taxi, the surveillant should attempt to
obtain another cab or vehicle in which to follow;
 In large metropolitan areas, it is probable that any taxi driver
will accept instruction to follow another cab without question or
special interest;
 The surveillant should be prepared to provide the driver with
some innocuous but logical explanation;
 An excuse such as checking on the doubtful fidelity of one’s
spouse will usually suffice;
 Presentation of credentials or badge should be used as a last
resort;
 If the surveillant is unable to obtain any vehicle to follow the
taxi, he should take note all the information on the taxi.
DURING CONVEYANCES
BUS OR STREET CAR
 The surveillant should try to enter the same conveyance and

be positioned to the rear of the vehicle and behind the subject;
 If he misses the bus or street car, he may be able to use a taxi
cab or other means of transportation to overtake and board the
bus or street car at a future stop.
DURING CONVEYANCES
PLANE, BUS OR RAILROAD

 If the subject purchases a ticket, the surveillant should
discreetly attempt to obtain all substantial information regarding
the trip;
 Position in line one place removed from the subject to
overhear the subject and the clerk without indicating obvious
interest.
MEASURES TO ACCOMPLISH IF THE
SURVEILLANT IS NOT TO FOLLOW THE
SUBJECT ON THE TRIP
 Make a description of the subject’s dress, emphasizing
outstanding items which might facilitate recognition;
 Make description of hand baggage and hold luggage;
 Note date, time of departure and date, time and place of
arrival;
 Note the name and number of the train, plain flight, or bus
and type of accommodations;
 Note any other details which will facilitate resumption of
surveillance en route or at destination.
ENTERING BUILDINGS
SMALL BUILDINGS
 If the building has exits which can be kept under observation
from a discreet outside position, the surveillant normally should
not enter;
 The surveillant should improvised an acceptable reason for
going into the building and enter to observe the actions of the
subject.
ENTERING BUILDINGS
LARGE BUILDINGS
 The surveillant must take advantage of the layout of the
building to observe the subject;
 Magazine and cigar counters in office building lobbies will
often afford cover for the actions of the surveillant;
 If the subject enters an elevator, the surveillant should also
enter and ask for the floor below or above that requested by the
subject or the same floor if the elevator is crowded;
 If the subject enters the elevator alone, and is the only
passenger, the surveillant should remain at the lobby and
determine the subject’s destination at the floor indicator.

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What are the objectives of surveillance?

What preparations are required for surveillance?

CORPORATE CRIME INVESTIGATION & PREVENTION

Dusit Hotel Nikko, Ayala Center, Makati City

 Regardless of the purpose, sensitivity

 Positive identification of the subject should be obtained prior

BUS OR STREET CAR

 The surveillant should try to enter the same conveyance and

PLANE, BUS OR RAILROAD

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