Music of Southeast Asia 8

Map of Southeast Asia
SOUTHEAST ASIAN
MUSIC
· Indonesia Sub-topics
· Malaysia · Vocal Music
· Instrumental Music
· Singapore
· Cultural Context (History and
· Vietnam Traditions)
· Thailand · Composition
· Cambodia · Social Functions
· Performance Styles/Techniques
· Myanmar
· Laos
VOCAL/INSTRUMENTAL
MUSIC
Vocal music is music made specifically
for voices. It may be performed with or
without instruments while Instrumental
music is made solely for instruments.
VOCAL MUSIC
RUCON
RASA SAYANG
CHAN MALI CHAN
BAHAY KUBO
LOI LOI KRATHONG
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
CAMBODIA
CAMBODIA
Angkor Wat
Cambodia is one of the beautiful countries in
Southeast Asia. It is also known as
Kâmpŭchéa. It was the center of the Khmer
(Cambodian) kingdom of Angkor, a great
empire that dominated Southeast Asia for 600
years. Their music gained a world-wide
reputation in the 1960s until the dramatic
political problems in Cambodia.
Musical art is highly influenced by ancient

forms as well as Hindu forms.
Cambodian court music is roughly similar to
that of Java, Indonesia. i.e choruses with large
orchestras based on struck keys and gongs.
Cambodian people also absorbed and adopted

Indian, Chinese, European and other cultures
to suit their own traditions and tastes that
resulted in a distinct Cambodian culture.
The Pinpeat is a Cambodian musical
ensemble or an orchestra that usually
accompanies ceremonial music of the royal
courts and temples. Music is always part of
their court dances, masked plays, shadow
plays, and religious ceremonies. This group
is similar to the Piphat ensemble of
Thailand and usually consists of nine or ten
instruments.
THE PINPEAT
SAMPHOR ONEAT
a double-headed xylophones(idiophone)
drum played
hands
(membranophone)
CHING
Finger cymbals(idiophone)
SKORTHOM KONGVONG
To big drums similar to Japanese(Membranophone gong circles(idiophone)
ACTIVITY #1
QUESTIONS:
1.In 3-5 sentences, describe how the
Pinpeat musicians play their instruments.
2.How many instrument players were
needed to form the Pinpeat?
3. Are their instruments made of wood or
metal?
INDONESIA
INDONESIA
Borobudur
It is an archipelago in Southeast Asia
comprising approximately 17,500 islands. With
over 238 million people, Indonesia is the world's
fourth most populous country and is the fourth
biggest nation of the world. Through interaction
with other culture such as Indian, Arabic,
Chinese and European, a wide range of
musical style has been developed. Today the
contemporary music of Indonesia is the
neighboring countries.
There are two basic kinds of Indonesian music scale:
Slendro – five (5) equidistant tones in octave
(do-re-fa-so-ti)
Peloq – Heptatonic (7 tone) scale with semi tone
(do-re-mi-fa-so-la-ti)
Both vocal and instrumental music in Indonesia use slendro
and peloq scales.
• Polyphonic stratification kind of melody is a result of
hocket/Interlock.Interlocking is common technique used in
gong ensembles
• Irama- is an Indonesian term for tempo
GAMELAN
Gamelan
The Gamelan or Gamelan orchestra is the most popular
form of music in Indonesia. There are many types of Gamelan
but the famous Javanese and Balinese Gamelan are the most
famous. It contains a variety of instruments such as
metallophones, xylophones, kendang and gongs; bamboo
flutes, bowed and plucked strings.Vocal music is used as
ornamentation of the Gamelan. It is as important as gamelan.
1.Pesindhen is a female soloist singer who sings with a

Gamelan
2.Gerong refers to the unison male chorus that sings with the
gamelan
“Karawitan” is the term for every kind of Gamelan music in
Java.
Gamelan orchestras - are used to accompany dances,
songs and Wayang Kulit
-Are believed to possess a supernatural powers
-Its instruments are sacred, stepping over the
instrument is a sign of disrespect
-musicians bow before playing the instruments to show
respect
Activity #2: Partner Activity
After watching/listening to the Javanese and Balinese

gamelan, write down your description of each musical
ensemble in a sheet of paper. You may use the guide
questions below. As soon as you’ve finished answering,
compare your answers with your partner. Check if you have
the same description.
The Indonesian Gamelan The Balenese Gamelan
The Javanese Gamelan

MYANMAR
Schwedago
Write the letter of the correct answer on your paper.
1.________ is one of the most beautiful

countries in Southeast Asia. It is also
known as Kâmpŭchéa .
a.Cambodia
b.Myanmar
c. Indonesia
d.Singapore
2. ________ is a Cambodian musical ensemble

or an orchestra that usually accompanies ceremonial
music of the royal courts and temples.
a. Pinpeat
b. Gamelan
c. Javanese
d. balenese
3. The following are instrument of

pinpeat ensemble EXCEPT
a. Samphor
b. Agong
c. Chhong
d. kongvong
4. is an archipelago in Southeast Asia

comprising approximately 17,500 islands.
a. Cambodia
a.Myanmar
b.Indonesia
c. Singapore
5. Indonesia is the world’s ______ most

populous country and is the fourth biggest
nation of the world. Cambodia
a.fourth
b.Third
c. Second
d.Fifth
6. There are two basic kinds of Indonesian

music scale, what do you call the– five (5)
equidistant tones in octave .
a.Slendro
b. Peloq
c. Kertuk
d. irama
7. There are two basic kinds of Indonesian music scale,

what do you call the heptatonic (7) tone scale with semi
tone .
a. Slendro
b. Peloq
c. Kertuk
d. irama
8. is an Indonesian term for tempo

a. irama
b. Slendro
c. Peloq
d. Kertuk
9. orchestra is the most popular form of

music in Indonesia.
a. Pinpeat
b. Gamelan
c. Javanese
d. balenese
10. Gamelan ensemble contains a variety of

instruments which of the following is NOT
belong
a. lute
b. bamboo flutes,
c. kendang and gongs
d. bowed and plucked strings.
11. is a female soloist singer who sings

with a Gamelan
a. Pesindhen
b. Gerong
c. Irama
d. karawitan
12. refers to the unison male chorus that

sings with the Gamelan.
a. Pesindhen
b. Gerong
c. Irama
d. karawitan
13. is the term for every kind of Gamelan

music in Java.
a. Pesindhen
b. Gerong
c. Irama
d. karawitan
14. are used to accompany dances,

songs, and Wayang Kulit
a. Gamelan orchestra
b. Pinpeat ensemble
c. piphat
d. orchestra
15. There are many types of Gamelan but the

famous ______and_____are most famous.
a. Javanese and balenese
b. Slendro and peloq
c. Irama and karawitan
d. pesindhen and gerong
Enumerate the following questions
16-20. give five countries under southeast
asia.
21-24. what are the four classicfication of
musical instruments.
25. BONUS
Myanmar was known as Burma until
1989. The country’s name was officially
changed by the military government that
took over in 1988. Early civilization in
Myanmar dates back to the 1st century
with archaeological evidences of the
Pyu Kingdoms of Thayekhittaya (Sri
Ksetra), Beithano (Visnu), and Hanlin.
The music of Myanmar (or Burma)
has similarities with many other
musical traditions in the region,
including Chinese music and Thai
music, probably because its longest
land border is shared with China.
The Hsaing Waing is Myanmar’s traditional folk
music ensemble. It is made up mainly of different gongs
and drums as well as other instruments depending on
the nature of the performance.
Myanmar’s musical instruments are categorized into

two types, the loud sounding and soft sounding. The
loud sounding instruments are performed in open-air
ensembles at ceremonies and festivals. Most of the
Hsaing Waing instruments belong to the loud sounding
category.
Other instruments in the Hsaing Waing are the:

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Map of Southeast Asia

Musical art is highly influenced by ancient

Cambodian people also absorbed and adopted

1.Pesindhen is a female soloist singer who sings with a

After watching/listening to the Javanese and Balinese

The Javanese Gamelan

1.________ is one of the most beautiful

2. ________ is a Cambodian musical ensemble

3. The following are instrument of

4. is an archipelago in Southeast Asia

5. Indonesia is the world’s ______ most

6. There are two basic kinds of Indonesian

7. There are two basic kinds of Indonesian music scale,

8. is an Indonesian term for tempo

9. orchestra is the most popular form of

10. Gamelan ensemble contains a variety of

11. is a female soloist singer who sings

12. refers to the unison male chorus that

13. is the term for every kind of Gamelan

14. are used to accompany dances,

15. There are many types of Gamelan but the

Myanmar’s musical instruments are categorized into

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