Maria Corazon

“Cory” Aquino
 Cory Aquino
 Born in January 25, 1933
 Chinese Filipino politician
 Served as the 11th President of the Philippines
 First female President of the Philippines
 Married to Senator Benigno Aquino Jr.
 Died on August 1, 2009
 From Housewife to President:
 No account of Martial Law would be complete without mention of Cory
Aquino’s journey to presidency. It was Cory’s victory that marked the end of
Marcos’ rule, and for many, it also represented the triumph of democracy
over dictatorship.
 It was at FEU that Cory met once more with childhood acquaintance Ninoy.
Though Ninoy had attempted to court Cory in the past, it wasn’t until then
that the two fell in love. The year after, Cory halted her studies to marry Ninoy.
The two were wed on October 11, 1954, the same day as her parents’
wedding anniversary. For the length of her life, Cory came to know Ninoy not
merely as her husband but also as her best friend.
 As Ninoy rose through the ranks, later becoming governor of Tarlac and then
senator, he began to charm people with his charisma. Cory, on the other hand,
preferred to stay in the background. It was clear to her that her role was to
take care of domestic affairs while Ninoy handled politics.
 Cory also served as Ninoy’s bridge to the outside world, even
smuggling out open letters against the Marcos regime to be published
in international newspapers. Ironically, these harrowing days for the
Aquinos came to an end when Ninoy suffered from chest pains in
1980.
 The peace the family experienced was cut short, however, when, in
1983, Ninoy decided to return to the Philippines to initiate talks with
President Marcos about the political state of the country. As Ninoy was
disembarking, he was shot dead on the afternoon of August 21.
Shortly after, Cory and her family returned to bury Ninoy; the death of
her husband signaled a turning point not just in her life but in the
nation’s history.
Laban and the Cory Tidal Wave

 Despite her initial shyness, Cory found herself heading to the helm
of the opposition as she became increasingly present at
demonstrations and rallies.
 When Marcos expressed his intent to hold a snap election after
mounting international pressure to prove he still had the support of
the Filipino people, many turned to Cory despite her inexperience.
With her moral uprightness and relative distance from the political
scene, Cory was the IDEAL CANDIDATE to challenge Marcos.
 Cory set forth two conditions: first, that the opposition gather the
signatures of one million Filipino voters to draft her, and second,
that President Marcos sign the resolution to call for a snap election.
 With her conditions met, Cory became the official opposition candidate
for president. Her allies later convinced long-time friend of Ninoy
Salvador “Doy” Laurel, who had also intended to run for president
under the United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO), to
concede his candidacy and instead run as Cory’s vice president.
 Now set to run as the presidential candidate of a unified opposition,
Cory began her campaign. Marcos, on the other hand, sought to
discredit his opponent, saying she was “only a woman” and “walang
alam.” To this, Cory responded: “I have to admit I have no experience
in lying, cheating, stealing, killing political opponents.”
 It was during Cory’s campaign trail that the laban sign was
popularized; it had first appeared during Ninoy’s campaign under the
Lakas ng Bayan (LABAN) party during the 1978 interim elections, but
later became the symbol of opposition during the EDSA Revolution.
 Unsurprisingly, Comelec declared Marcos the winner. However, an
independent count done by the National Citizen’s Movement for Free
Elections (NAMFREL) declared that it was in fact Cory who had won.
 In protest of Marcos’ declared victory, Cory and her allies launched a
civil disobedience campaign.
 The subsequent defection of Juan Ponce Enrile and Fidel V. Ramos to the
opposition further galvanized the people towards the eruption of the
EDSA Revolution.
 Cory’s Presidency
 The administration also established the Presidential Commission on
Good Government (PCGG), a committee dedicated to the recovery of the
Marcos ill-gotten wealth. For many, Aquino’s administration signified
the restoration of democracy in the country as it attempted to restore
civil liberties and released the political detainees of Martial Law.
 the Aquino administration also had to contend with the worsening
communist-led insurgency and the political infighting. Disagreements
over how to handle the communist insurgency led to the resignation of
Defense Minister Enrile[1], and from 1986 to 1990, members of the
Armed Forces of the Philippines organized six plots to overthrow
President Aquino.
 Furthermore, despite all its attempts to address the most pressing
problems of the country, the Aquino administration ended its term still
facing the problems of widespread poverty, high unemployment rates,
and stunted economic growth after the many coup attempts. For critics
of Cory and even her former supporters, many of the problems her
administration faced stemmed from her POLITICAL INDECISIVENESS.
NAPOLEAON
BONAPARTE
 Napoleaon Bonaparte

 Born August 15, 1769, Ajaccio, Corsica

 Died May 5, 1821, St. Helena Island
 Emperor of France from 1804 to 1814
 The first major military and political military leader after the French
Revolution
 His basic personality is an imposing character with a strong will and
remarkable intelligence
 He was the fourth, and second surviving, child of Carlo Buonaparte,
a lawyer, and his wife, Letizia Ramolino. His father’s family, of
ancient Tuscan nobility, had emigrated to Corsica in the 16th
century.
NAPOLEAON I
EMPEROR OF FRANCE
 Napoleon revolutionized military organization and training, sponsored the
Napoleonic Code, reorganized education and established the long-lived
Concordat with the papacy.
 On March 21, 1804, Napoleon instituted the Napoleonic Code, otherwise
known as the French Civil Code, parts of which are still in use around the
world today. The Napoleonic Code forbade privileges based on birth,
allowed freedom of religion, and stated that government jobs must be
given to the most qualified.
 Following the French Revolution, unrest continued in France; in June of
1799, a coup resulted in the left-wing radical group, the Jacobins, taking
control of the Directory.
 Under his direction, Napoleon turned his reforms to the country’s
economy, legal system and education, and even the Church, as he
reinstated Roman Catholicism as the state religion. He also negotiated a
European peace, which lasted just three years before the start of the
Napoleonic Wars.
Napoleaonic Wars

 In 1805, the British registered an important naval victory against

France at the Battle of Trafalgar, which led Napoleon to scrap his
plans to invade England. Instead, he set his sights on Austria and
Russia, and beat back both militaries in the Battle of Austerlitz.
 Other victories soon followed, allowing Napoleon to greatly expand
the French empire and paving the way for loyalists to his
government to be installed in Holland, Italy, Naples, Sweden, Spain
and Westphalia.
 n 1812 France was devastated when Napoleon's invasion of Russia
turned out to be a colossal failure - and the beginning of the end for
Napoleon.
 EXILE
 On April 6, 1814, Napoleon was forced to abdicate power and went into exile
on the island of Elba in the Mediterranean sea off of Italy. His exile did not
last long, as he watched France stumbled forward without him.
 In March 1815, Napoleon escaped the island and quickly made his way to
Paris. King Louis XVIII fled, and Napoleon triumphantly returned to power.
But the enthusiasm that greeted Napoleon when he resumed control of the
government soon gave way to old frustrations and fears about his leadership.

Waterloo
 On June 16, 1815, Napoleon led French troops into Belgium and defeated the
Prussians; two days later he was defeated by the British, reinforced by
Prussian fighters, at the Battle of Waterloo.

 It was a humiliating loss, and on June 22, 1815, Napoleon abdicated his
powers. In an effort to prolong his dynasty he pushed to have his young son,
Napoleon II, named emperor, but the coalition rejected the offer.
French Revolution
 The turmoil of the French Revolution created opportunities for
ambitious military leaders like Napoleon. The young leader quickly
showed his support for the Jacobins, a far-left political movement
and the most well-known and popular political club from the French
Revolution.
Napoleaon’s Rise to Power

 After falling out of favor with Robespierre, Napoleon came into the
good graces of the Directory in 1795 after he saved the government
from counter-revolutionary forces. For his efforts, Napoleon was
soon named commander of the Army of the Interior. In addition he
was a trusted advisor to the Directory on military matters.
St. Helena

 After Napoleon’s abdication from power in 1815, fearing a repeat

of his earlier return from exile on Elba, the British government sent
him to the remote island of St. Helena in the southern Atlantic.

 For the most part Napoleon was free to do as he pleased at his new
home. He had leisurely mornings, wrote often and read a lot. But the
routine of life soon got to him, and he often shut himself indoors.
Why is Napoleaon a
hero?
Napoleaon was not only a great leader, he also
was a military genius.
Napoleaon won many battles to expand France
and was always welcomed back to France as a
hero.
His use of strategic warfare throughout many
battles allowed him to be seen as a HERO not
only to France but ALL OF EUROPE.