RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS

EXILE & EXECUTION

July 17, 1892 -Rizal arrived at Dapitan in the evening on __

Dapitan -lonely and remote town

-Rizal is free to go anywhere in ________ except leaving the town

 His four years of stay in Dapitan was quiet and do useful activity

He was soon practice different professions as a

 Doctor
 Businessman
 Scientist and Inventor
 Farmer, Teacher
 Engineer
 Community Development Consultant

In Dapitan:

 Rizal had varied professions

 Rizal studied Malayan and other Philippine dialect
 Rizal further developed his skills in sculpture, painting, and poetry

Ricardo Carnicero -Rizal stayed in the house of the town’s governor

December 19, 1893 -a letter to his friend, Blumentritt on __ where Rizal described his
peaceful life in Dapitan

-Rizal states he had 3 houses (square, octagonal, and hexagonal)

 Near the seashore and sea

 spent the night reading and studying
Square House -This was Rizal’s home, where he lived with his mother, sister Trinidad,
and nephew.

Octagonal House -Here, young boys who were Rizal’s pupils resided.

Hexagonal House -This served as Rizal’s barn, where he kept his chickens.

RIZAL AS A FARMER

16 hectares, Talisay -Purchased __ hectares of the agricultural land of ________

 Built a house, school, and medical clinic

70 hectares -Later on, Rizal had __ hectares of land planted cacao, coffee,
sugar cane, and fruit trees

Rizal planted:

 Cacao
 Coffee
 Sugar cane
 Fruit trees

USA -Rizal import Agricultural Equipment from________

1000 coconut trees and 6000 abaca plants

RIZAL AS A BUSINESSMAN

Ramon Carreon -Rizal’s business partner in Dapitan.

Rizal made profitable business ventures in

 fishing
 copra
 abaca trading
January 19, 1893 -date where he expressed his plan to improve the fishing
industry of Dapitan.

Abaca Trading Rizal’s most profitable business, he mentioned it on his letter to

Blumentritt.

Manuel Hidalgo He invited his brother-in-law, ________, to engage in sale of

abaca that they could grow and ship to Manila

 At one time, he shipped 150 bales of hemp to a foreign firm in Manila at huge profit for himself
and his business partner.
 He purchased hemp in Dapitan at P7 & 4 Reales per picul and sold it in Manila at P10 & 4 Reales,
giving him a profit of P3 per picul.

May 14, 1893 -On __, Rizal formed a business partnership with Ramon
Carreon in lime manufacturing

January 1, 1895 -On __, Rizal organized the Cooperative Association of Dapitan
Farmers (CADF)

Rizal organized CADF to break the Chinese monopoly on business in Dapitan. His purpose was:

 To improve farm products.

 Obtain better outlets for them.
 Collect funds for their purchases.
 Helps the producers and workers by establishing a store wherein they can buy prime
commodities at moderate prices

RIZAL AS AN ENGINEER

1895 -Rizal was a licensed land surveyor in __

Dam, Waterworks -He constructed ________ and ________ to get rid of malaria infesting
Dapitan (helped by his pupils)
Rizal constructed dam and waterworks which was built using:

 Stones
 Cast-off Tiles
 Bamboo pipes
 Mortar from burnt coral

Brick Maker Machine,

Bakhaw Paste -He also invented the ________ and ________

RELIEF MAP OF MINDANAO

square, hexagonal, octagonal -In Talisay, he built three distinct bamboo and nipa houses ________,
________, and ________ in shapes

relief map of Mindanao Rizal set up a public plaza with street lighting and a huge ________ in
front of the parish church

Fr. Francisco Sanchez -Rizal set up a public plaza with street lighting and a relief map of
Mindanao with the help of his Jesuit Teacher, ________

RIZAL AS A SCIENTIST & INVENTOR

Conchology -346 shells for 203 species

Rhacophoorus rizali -rare toad

Draco rizali -flying dragon

Apogonia rizali -beetle

RIZAL DONATED COLLECTIONS:

Crustaceans -68
Reptiles -45

Birds and Fishes -13

Mammals -9

Nai -Tuber

Canagium odaturom -fast-growing tree of the custard apple family Annocacea

Ethnography, Anthropology and Archeopology (revealed by his scholar and scientist group in Europe)

Rizal as a botanist,

herbarium -Rizal established a ________

Brick-making Machine -(Germany and Belgium) manufacture 6,000 bricks a day

Hemp stripping Machine -Rizal invented the ________ which improved the output of hemp
farmers

Sulpakan -A gift for Blumentritt that Rizal gave to him

-It was a cigarette lighter invented by Rizal that used a compressed air
mechanism

RIZAL AS A DOCTOR

 Ophthalmology in Dapitan

Aug. 1893, -On __, Rizal operated his mother’s eye

Right Eye -Rizal operated his mother’s ________ eye

Mr. George Taufer -is the adopted father of Josephine Bracken who accompanied him to
Dapitan

-sought treatment from Jose Rizal

Josephine Bracken -an Irish woman who played a significant role in Rizal’s life during his
exile in Dapitan

-arrived in Dapitan accompanying her adoptive father, George Taufer,

who sought treatment from Rizal

1865 -Josephine Bracken and Mr. George Taufer arrived in Dapitan in __

Casitas de salud -Rizal established these small health clinics in Dapitan to provide
medical assistance to local community

Rizal as a Rizal as a TEACHER

1893, 16 -In__, Rizal built a school near his home and taught academic and
vocational training to a group of ________ selected boys.

 He made his pupils’ education functional by integrating their learning toward home and
community development.
 He charged no tuition fees, but the pupils helped him in his agricultural projects where they
were taught better methods of farming and livestock raising.

2:00-4:00 PM -Academic training was held daily from __ pm to __ pm.

Himno A Talisay -Rizal conducted his school in Talisay, near Dapitan, where he had farm
and hospital

-In honor of Talisay, he wrote a poem entitled ________

School Set-up:

 Rizal: sat on hammock

 Students: sat on long bamboo bench

The boys were taught:

  Three Rs (Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic)
 Geometry
 Geography
 History
 Language (Spanish and English)
 Physical Components

Physical Components

 Boxing
 Swimming
 Wrestling
 Arnis

RIZAL AND THE KATIPUNAN

Dr. Pio Valenzuela -Jose Rizal met ________ in Dapitan during his exile

June 1896 -Jose Rizal met Dr. Pio Valenzuela on __ in Dapitan during his exile.

 Initially hesitant, Rizal advised Katipunan to avoid unnecessary native bloodshed in their
revolution.
 “when the general do not command, the soldiers stay still”
 He recommended gaining support from Manila's influential people before starting the uprising
and to strengthen their cause.

Antonio Luna -Rizal suggested ________ to oversee military operations if the

revolution became inevitable.

He acknowledged the risks of rebellion and expressed sorrow over potential consequences.

 “To die and to conquer is pleasant, but to die and be conquered is painful”

Doctor, Cuba -Rizal refused rescue attempts and considered volunteering as a

________ for Spanish troops in ________

Governor General

Ramon Blanco -he permitted Rizal to serve in Cuba, ministering to victims of yellow
fever
September 3, 1896 -Rizal left Barcelona on __ (Malta)

Isla de Panay -Rizal left Barcelona on Board the ________

September 30 1896 -Rizal was arrested and being blamed as guiding force of Philippine
Revolution that broke out in August 1892

October 6, 1896 -Rizal was transferred to SS Colon on __

November 3, 1896 Rizal arrived in Manila and was transferred to Fort Santiago

July 18, 1896 -Rizal kept a diary documenting events from his departure from Dapitan
on __

 “I think that God is doing me good by allowing me to return to the Philippines in order to
disprove so many charges against me.” (October 8, 1896)

Luis Taviel de Andrade -Charged with “founding illegal association and of promoting and
inducing rebellion”, Rizal was defended by ________

Captain Francisco de Olive -Rizal pleaded not guilty to the charges brought forth by ________.

Colonel Rafael Dominguez -he conducted a preliminary investigation

-a special judge

November 20, 1896 -On__, Colonel Rafael Dominguez conducted a preliminary investigation/
continuous interrogation for 2 days.

-Questioned about his participation to various political activities,

membership on masonic lodges

Captain Olive -Paciano was tortured severely by________.

Judge Rafael Dominguez -he pushed/ recommended for a speedy trial.

Judge Advocate General

Nicolas de la Pena -he approved the speedy trial through trial by military court.

Lieutenant Enrique de Alcocer -he led the prosecution.

Luis Taviel de Andrade -he is the lawyer of Rizal who defended him from the allegations against
him.

On December 27, 1896, El Imparcial, a newspaper, played a significant role in Philippine history. It
published at least four versions of Jose Rizal’s retraction.

Rizal pleaded in the court:

 “Can anyone believe that I could have organized this whole rebellion in a single night, in a single
meeting where the discussion centered on commerce and similar topics? ... If the few who were
present at the meeting had taken me seriously, they would not have let the Liga die.”
 No involvement in political affairs from July 6, 1892 to June 1 of the present year.

Rizal would have avoided arrest.

 “My conscience is clear”

 “What kind of chief is he whose followers say ‘yes’ and he says ‘no’?

"I am innocent. Obviously, there is need for a propitiatory victim for the happenings of today. In Cuba,
that victim has been Maura to those political reforms the rebellion is ascribed. Here, it is pretended that
I am that one. Not one letter of mine could be presented which might prove the accusation directed
against me. When I was exiled in Dapitan, many persons of some authority suggested that I escape, and I
refused to do so because I thought that I would not be prosecuted."

THE LAST DAY OF RIZAL

December 29, 1896 -Rizal's last day is on __

Governor General Camillo

de Polavieja -
A letter to Paciano

 For four and a half years, they have not seen or addressed each other.
 He dedicated his last words to tell him how much he regrets to leave him alone in life bearing
all the weight of family and their old parents.
 Jose Rizal’s last letter is all about act of gratitude and forgiveness to his brother.
 He assured that he will die innocent against crime or rebellion.
 He also addressed to Paciano to ask their father, Don Francisco, for forgiveness.

At 4:00 PM on December 29, Dona Teodora arrived.

He gave:

 Narcisa - wicker chair

 Angelina - handkerchief
 Mauricio - watch and a belt
 Trinidad - little alcohol burner (inside is the Ultimo Adios)

December 30, 5:30 AM -Rizal had his last breakfast on __ at __AM

 He asked for forgiveness to his family and encourage them to also forgive one another.

“It is better to die than to live suffering”

 He also addressed to his siblings to treat their old parents - to love them much in his memory.

How he wanted to bury?

 Bury in the ground

 Place a stone
 Over it; name, date of birth and death
 Permits to fence his grave
 No anniversary celebrations
 Paang Bundok
“Have pity on poor Josephine”

Retraction of Rizal

document of retraction was subjected to examination and studied by two eminent scholars, namely

 Professor Jose Del Rosario

 Henry Otley (HO) Beyer

Pro-retraction historians and writers also believed in the testimonies of:

 Rev. Fr. Pio Pi

 Rev. Fr. Luis Viza
 Rev. Fr. Vicente Balaguer

PROOF 1

 According to Father Balaguer, he married Rizal and Josephine at 5:30 A.M. on December 30,
1896. The argument of retraction corroborated with the argument of Rizal's marriage to Bracken.

PROOF 2

 Rizal recited the Acts of Faith, Hope and Charity; went to confession and received the Holy
Communion before his execution;

PROOF 3

 he was accompanied by two Catholic priests to his execution, and he heard mass every Sunday
during his exile in Dapitan
DR. FRANK LAUBACH & CAMILO OSIAS

Rafael palma -said that rizal’s retraction was not a historical fact & that father
balaguer’s account was fraudulent and not credible.

Dr. Ricardo pascual -said that the retraction document a “product of forgery“

Austin coates -he claimed that no marriage took place between Rizal and Josephine
the day as reported.

-cited as evidence use of Josephine’s maiden name in entry of her

marriage to Vicente abad in church registry of marriage kept in cathedral
of Hongkong

 Made a formal request to see the original text of retraction but the document was allegedly
“lost“

1935 -In __, the document “reappeared” in the archives of the Archbishop.

The document was a forgery.

Ildefonso Runes -“The Forgery of Rizal’s Retraction and Josephine’s Autobiography”

(1962) by ________

Roman Roque -professional forger

Rizal was not buried as a Catholic in the registry of deaths on December 30, 1896

Claro M. Recto a foremost nationalist shared this belief in his article, Rizal y sus
Memorias de un Estudiante.

He wrote: “According to the Jesuits, Rizal prayed with all the fervor and
devotion of which his sensitive and romantic soul was capable...and a
miracle of faith occurred in him...”
Dec. 30, 1896 -On __, is the execution day of Rizal

5:30 am -time of Rizal’s last breakfast

 6:30am
 dressed in black
 Luis Taviel de Andrade, Fr. Villaclara, Estanislao March
 crucifix

 Dr. Felipe Ruiz Y Castillo

 three bullets simultaneously pierced his body
 Spanish spectators shouted “Viva Espana”, “Death to traitors”
 7:30 am
 Paco Cemetery

RIZAL THE NOVELIST

Wencesiao Retana -Rizal biographer, referred Rizal’s novels as the “New Gospels” and “new
bible” of the Filipinos

Ferdinand Bluementritt -considered Noli Me Tanger as “the greatest literary work ever written
by a Filipino…”

Objectives of Rizal’s novels:

 To expose social malady affecting our country

 To awaken/develop consciousness to people

Rizal does not amuse and entertain readers by giving happy endings

He wanted them to be aware of miserable plight of novel’s MC

Noli Me tangere -considered as best literary work by a Filipino

-All true and actually happened

-Denunciation of the abuses and excesses of the Spaniard authorities

and friars
63 chapters -Noli Me tangere has __ chapters

Social Cancer -Noli Me Tangere is originally titled as ________

Touch me not -other term for Noli Me Tangere

Uncle Tom's cabin -Rizal drew inspiration of Noli Me Tangere from a book entitled
“________”

Madrid -Rizal’s work in Noli Me Tangere started in ________

1884 -Rizal Finished one-half of Noli Me Tangere in __

Paris -Rizal continued Noli Me Tangere in ________

1885 -Rizal continued Noli Me Tangere in Paris on __

Germany -Rizal Finished Noli Me Tangere in ________

February, 1886 -Rizal’s final revision of Noli Me Tangere is on __

February 21, 1887 Noli me Tangere is ready for printing on __

March 21, 1887 -on __, Noli Me Tangere was printed in Berlin, Germany

300 Pesos, 2000 copies Rizal printed Noli Me Tangere in Berlin, Germany, which he paid __
pesos for __ copies

Dr. Maximo Viola -Copies to his close friends and with manuscript including ________
French -Rizal wanted the language of Noli Me Tangere in ________

"Salome at elias" -considered the lost chapter of Noli Me Tangere

EL FILIBUSTERISMO

El Filibusterismo -is the second novel of Dr. Jose Rizal

GOMBURZA -El Filibusterismo was dedicated to ________

Reign of Greed -El Filibusterismo is also called as ________

38 Chapters -El Filibusterismo has __ Chapters

Topic of El Filibusterismo:

 Social issues
 Political issues
 Economic issues

October 1887 -Rizal started writing El Filibusterismo on __

Calamba -Rizal started writing El Filibusterismo in ________

1888, London -Rizal continued working on El Filibusterismo in __ in ________

Brussels -Rizal later moved to Paris then ________ where he had fewer
distractions and lower living expenses

-to concentrate on finishing El Filibusterismo

March 29,1891 -Rizal Completed El Filibusterismo on __

Biarritz -Rizal Completed El Filibusterismo in ________

September 18, 1891 -El Filibusterismo came off the press on __

-Rizal immediately sent two copies to Hong Kong

Valentin Ventura -Rizal donated the original manuscript and an autographed printed copy
of El Filibusterismo

Basa and Sixto Lopez -Rizal printed 2 Copies to Hongkong one for ________ and other for
________

Rizal sent complimentary copies of El Filibusterismo to:

 Blumentritt
 Mariano Ponce
 Graciano Lopez Jaena
 Antonio Luna
 Juan Luna
 other friends

SUMMARY EL FILIBUSTERISMO

The Characters (desirable)

Juan Crisostomo Ibarra y

Magsalin -He is the main character of Noli me Tangere

-impression of youth and of health, equally developed in mind and body

slight traces of Castilian blood beautifully bronzed and rosy in cheeks

-talk of San Diego upon his homecoming, cultured youth, wealthy

businessman, and distinguished philanthropist

-Son of Don Rafael Ibarra

-Childhood Sweetheart and Fiance of Maria Clara

Simoun -Ibarra re-emerges as ________, an influential jeweler

 -believes that violent revolution is the only way to bring out the end to
the abuse of the Spaniards, especially the clergy

-Served as the adviser of the Governor General

Brown Cardinal,

Black Eminence -Sarcastically referred to as the “________” or his “________”

Elias -character of Noli Me Tangere who had an unfortunate family

background

-He appears every time Ibarra is in danger

-He became Ibarra’s informant on the dangers he may experience

Pilosopo Tasio -He gave up his studies for love but his wife died in less than a year of
marriage

-He concentrated on books thus neglecting his estates an became

completely bankrupt

-known for his unconventional ideas and weird behavior

-he served as Ibarra’s adviser on his plan to build a school

Maria Clara -Daughter of Pia Alba de los Santos and Father Damaso

regarded by Don Santiago as his child

-Ibarra’s childhood sweetheart

REACTIONS TO NOLI ME TANGERE

Antonio Regidor -Propagandist and a diplomat

-one who congratulated Rizal for his work stated that the novel is
“superior”

-if Don Quixote had been its author, it would have been immortal
Ferdinand Blumentritt -Praised and recognized Rizal’s hard work

-stating that "your work, as we Germans say, has been written with
blood and heart... your work has exceeded my hopes and I consider
myself fortunate and happy to have been honored with your friendship.

Archbishop Payo -was able to have a copy of the Noli and sent the same to the rector of
UST for examination on August of 1887.

-It found that the book is heretical, in aspect: unpatriotic, subversive of

public order, and against the government of Spain.

Emilio Terrero -Liberal minded government executive or governor general.

-He summoned and informed Rizal of the unfavorable reports about his
novel.

-He even asked Rizal for a copy of the novel

Fr. Salvador Font -An Augustinian priest

-submitted a report that recommends the prohibition of importation,

reproduction, and circulation of the pernicious books in the Philippines

Senator Fernando Luis Vida -became very critical of the Noli

-The aforementioned Spanish legislators condemned the novel as anti-

Catholic and Socialist in orientation and learning

Fr. Jose Rodriguez an Agustinian priest

direct attack on Noli by issuing pamphlets under title Cuestiones de

Sumo Interes (“Questions of Great Interest")

Rizal replied to these attacks by Fr. Rodriguez through the satirical pamphlet entitled La Vision del Fray
Rodriguez ("The Vision of Fray Rodriguez")

Fr. Vicente Garcia. -According to him, since the book is a work of literature, should be
judged that way and not in a doctrinal level.
 -He also said that "if reading the Noli is a mortal sin, then Fr. Rodriguez
had also committed a mortal sin."

Marcelo H. Del Pilar -Another defender of Rizal's Noli.

-He wrote a pamphlet entitled Caiigat Cayo (Beware or Be Slippery as an

Eel)

Universalism -idea that certain ideas or truths apply universally across cultures,
religions, or backgrounds.

-This could be a belief in one fundamental truth or principle that

underlies everything

RIZAL, THE BARD AND A A POET

1861-1882 -Early Stage

1882-1892 -Middle Stage

1892 – 1896 -Final Stage

EARLY STAGE

Sa Aking mga Kabata -It was his first poem he wrote in his childhood

-Rizal expresses importance of loving one's native tongue and considers

those who do not love their language to be worse than animals

1869 -Sa Aking mga Kabata was written by José Rizal in __

Mi Primera Inspiracion -First poem he wrote during his schooling in Ateneo De Municipal

-Dedicated to his mother on her birthday

1874 -Mi Primera Inspiracion was written by José Rizal in __ before he turned
14.
Al Nino Jesus -One of his religious poems which consists of 8 verses

1875 -written in Spanish by Jose Rizal in __ at the age of 14 during his stay
Ateneo De Municipal.

Felicitacion -Rizal wrote this poem to congratulate his brother-in-law, Antonio Lopez,
husband of his sister Narcissa

1875 -Rizal wrote Felicitacion in __ when he was 14 years old

Fr. Sanchez -Rizal wrote Felicitacion through the encouragement of ________

Alianza Intima Entre La Religion

Y La Buena Educacion -“The Intimate Alliance between Religion and Good Education”

-Role of religion in attaining good education without religion, education

is directness

-Wrote it when he was 15 years old

April 19, 1876 -The Intimate Alliance between Religion and Good Education was
written on __

Por la Educacion Recibe

Lustre la Patria -“Through Education the Motherland Receives Light”

-reflects the strong connection between Jesuit education and faith

-The poem advocates the importance of education at a very young age.

1876, fifth year -Rizal wrote the poem in __ during his ________ year at Ateneo
Municipal
Key points about the poem

 Lifelong Learning
 Education as key to national success
 Education beyond individual gain
 Education combats stagnation

Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo -“A memory of my town” or “Remembrance to My Hometown”

-Poem written by José Rizal, reflecting his nostalgic memories of his

hometown, Calamba.

-His innate love of nature that ultimately developed to a greater love of

nation

1876 -Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo was written in __

A La Virgen Maria -Prayer-like poem To the Virgin Mary

-Spiritual beliefs and guidance of the Virgin Mary

December 3, 1876 -A La Virgen Maria was written on __

A la Juventud Filipina (1879) -“To the Filipino Youth”

-a winning classical piece of Philippine Literature

-Spanish literary authorities recognize it as impressive poem written

Spanish by Filipino.

-It was foremost literary piece to display the nationalistic belief that
Filipinos were the “fair hope of the Motherland”

-It urges Filipino youth to reach their potential by harnessing their

skills and talents for the betterment of our countrymen.

-It motivates the youth the free Filipinos from ignorance, and to seek
freedom and human dignity

A Filipinas -The poem is about Rizal’s muse

 -Love for his country, its purpose is not only to depict Rizal’s muse but
also to inspire Filipino Artist to love the Philippines

A la Educacion -is a poem written by Jose Rizal

-Rizal extols the importance of education for both the country and its
citizens.

MIDDLE STAGE

Adios a Leonor (1882) -“Goodbye to Leonor”

-farewell poem written by Rizal in 1882 before leaving his greatest love,
Leonor Rivera who is his cousin

-the poem is filled with sadness, pain and loss

Me Piden Versos (1882) -“They ask me for verses!”

-He wrote this because he was actually asked for verses by members of
Circulo Hispano Filipino

-reflects how sad he is to have ability to steer emotions through poem

and yet muted by oppressive Spaniards

-wrote this poem for Leonor Rivera when he was in depths of

depression, home sick and also love-sick for his lost love

A Las Flores de Heidelberg -poem written by José Rizal during his time in Heidelberg, Germany

-expresses his deep longing for his family and his homeland while
surrounded by beauty of Heidelberg’s spring flowers

Canto de Maria Clara -taken from Jose Rizal’s novel, Noli Me Tangere

-A poem that depicts his feelings for his mother land, the Philippines.

To Miss C.O. y R -is a poem of love by Jose Rizal to express his feelings to Miss Consuelo
Ortiga y Rey
A Mi Musa -A poem by Jose Rizal, expressing his farewell to his muse and his love
for his country

Himno al Trabajo -Requested by his friends from Lipa, Batangas, in response to Becerra
Law

-to address the difficulties faced by the Lipeños (residents of Lipa)

FINAL STAGE

Kundiman -A traditional Filipino love song Depicts country’s suffering under ruling
of Spaniards

-It was about his intense love for his motherland

-shows hope that Philippines would be free from injustice and

respected

-A reminder of Filipino’s unwavering spirit

September 12, 1891 -Jose Rizal created Kundiman on __, in Paris, France

To Josephine -Written during time Rizal was in Dapitan, a period marked by both
personal and political turmoil.

-The poem is a tender expression of Rizal's deep love and devotion to

Josephine

-Rizal recognizes the hardships and sacrifices that both he and Josephine
endured due to his political activities and their relationship

-poem subtly reflects Rizal's broader aspirations for the Philippines

1895 -To Josephine was created in __

Himno A Talisay (1895) -was written by Jose Rizal for his pupils in Dapitan.

-They would sing it whenever they rendezvoused under the talisay tree.

El Canto El Canto Del

Viajero (1895) The poem reflects the experiences and emotions of a traveler who
roams the world without a fixed destination, seeking happiness and love

Mi Retiro -poem written by José Rizal autobiography during his exile in Dapitan

-Rizal reflects on his simple life, acceptance of destiny, and the justice
that awaits him

-considered as the longest poem

-Runs with 120 lines and 24 stanzas

October 22, 1895 -Mi Retiro was written on __

Mi Ultimo Adios -Written the night before Rizal’s execution.

-Regarded as the most patriotic poem in the world.

-According to a friend, Josephine Bracken thought the poem was for her,
and not for Rizal’s family

38 languages -Mi Ultimo adios was Translated into __ languages

Mariano Ponce -he gave the title for the poem “Mi Ultimo Adios”

 “friend” Josephine Bracken thought the poem was for her, and not for Rizal’s family.

BOOKS & AUTHORS

Romantic movements in the ff had profound influence on Rizal’s psyche in the later years of his life

 Germany
 France
 Spain
 United states

In Germany, the age of Romanticism was popularized by the works of:

  Schiller
 Stephen
 Baden

Friedrich-Schiller -German polymath and poet, playwright, historian, philosopher,

physician, and a lawyer

-Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller

- His works still continue to be admired and studied for its literary merit
and philosophical depth.

Friedrich-Schiller’s Famous works:

 The robbers
 Don Carlos
 Mary Stuart
 William Tell

William Tell -It is a play that was publish and produced by Friedrich-Schiller which
sets in the 15th century in Swiss canton of Uri

-It is where a legendary hero leads a rebellion against tyrannical

Austrian rule

-justifiability of violence in political action

Schiller’s Influence On Rizal’s Novels And Life

 Freedom and Resistance

 Struggle for liberty
 Heroic Rebellion
 Literary and Artistic Influence
 Romantic Nationalism
 Symbolic Parallels
 Practical Application in Rizal's Work
 Inspiration for "El Filibusterismo”
 Advocacy for Reform and Education

Bader and Stephen -According to ________ and ________, is "the organizing principle in
life... true common spirit as well as the foundation of entire existence.”
THE ROMANTIC INFLUENCE OF ALEXANDRE DUMAS ON JOSE RIZAL

Alexandre Dumas -renowned French author, known for adventure novels with thrilling
plots and vivid characters

-A key figure in Romantic Literary Movement

Alexandre Dumas’ famous works are:

 The Count of Monte Cristo

 The Three Musketeers

Duma’s influence on Rizal’s novels and life

 Rizal’s Inspiration from The Count of Monte Cristo

 Parallels In Themes of Justice and Revenge
 Noli Me Tangere & El Filibusterismo
 Characters Like Crisostomo Ibarra and Simoun
 Transformation From Victims to Revolutionaries

THE ROMANTIC INFLUENCE OF VICTOR HUGO ON JOSE RIZAL

Victor Hugo -French Romantic writer who was most influential, a poet, novelist, and
dramatist

-France's greatest poets

-Memories of his life as a poor student later inspired the figure of

Marius in his novel Les Misérables.

Victor Hugo is better known outside of the nation for works like

 Les Misérables (1862)

 Notre-Dame de Paris (1831)

The Romantic Influence of Jean-Jacques Rousseau on Jose Rizal

Jean-Jacques Rousseau -Acknowledged as Father of Romanticism

-Least academic of modern philosophers and was most influential. His

thought marked end of European Enlightenment “Age of Reason”
 -Propelled political and ethical thinking into new channels.

Born June 28, 1712, Geneva, Switzerland—died July 2, 1778, Ermenonville, France

 His reforms revolutionized taste, first in music, then in the other arts.
 He had a profound impact on people’s way of life; he taught parents to take a new interest in
their children and to educate them differently; he furthered the expression of emotion rather
than polite restraint in friendship and love.

ROMANCES OF RIZAL

 Segunda katigbak
 Leonor Valenzuela (Orang)
 Leonor Rivera
 Consuelo Ortiga y Rey
 Seiko Usui (O Sei San)
 Gertrude Becket
 Nelly Boustead
 Suzanne Jacoby
 Josephine Bracken

Segunda katigbak -First love of Rizal, considered as his “puppy love”

-She was 14 years old when Jose was 16 years old

-Sister of Jose’s friend Mariano Katigbak

-Student who went to the same school as Rizal’s sister Olympia

Leonor Valenzuela -from Pagsanjan, Laguna

-she is the next-door neighbor of Rizal, who is the daughter of Capitan

Juan and Capitana Sanday Valenzuela

-Rizal was 18, she was 14 years old

Leonor Rivera -A young girl from Camiling, Tarlac, and cousin of Jose Rizal.

- was 13 years old while Rizal was 19 years old.

 -She was referred to as “The hero’s greatest love” described as pretty
girl with wavy soft hair, high forehead, wistful almond eyes, small and
pensive mouth, and charming dimples.

-Well intelligent and talented

-harp and the piano with a fascinating singing voice.

-They were engaged for 11 years.

Seiko Usui (O Sei San) -“love at first sight” Ideal woman, he was her first love and she provided
the beautiful escape that he deeply needed

-Japanes samurai’s daughter

-Taught Rizal with the painting “Su-mie”

-Helped Rizal with Japanese language

 Tokyo a few days after he had moved to the Azabu Distric in 1888, Rizal was captured by the
lady’s regal air and charisma
 Often took afternoon walks by the legation, toured beautiful city spots, enjoyed scenery and
visited the picturesque shrines.
 Rizal was then a lonely physician, disillusioned by his frustrated romance with Leonor Rivera and
burdened by soured hopes for justice in his country
 Rizal was almost tempted to settle down in Japan
 He decided to leave Japan and forget his romance
 His 45-day sojourn in Japan was one of the happiest interludes in his life

Consuelo Ortiga y Rey -Born in 1863, daughter of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey and lived in Ortiga’s
Residence situated in Madrid

-regarded as Crush ng Bayan

-Despite the fact that he has a fiance, he grew fond and admired her

Eduardo de Lete -A Philippine-born Spaniard who is also part of La Solidaridad, is madly

in love with Consuelo

-He seriously liked Ms. Ortiga so does rizal not wanting to ruin their
friendship over a lady, Rizal Gave Up

Gertrude Becket - Brown, curly haired, blue-eyed and buxom girl from London
 -Rizal celebrate christmas with her family, she helped him in paintings
and sculpture

-18 years old when she met Rizal

-Friendship turned into romance

May 1888, on __, Rizal lived in london annotating the “succesos de las islas
filipinas” of Antonio Morga

Tottie Gettie -Nickname of Gertrude Becket

 Rizal was a boarder of the becketts house and so that start the meeting with Gertrude
 Rizal was engaged to Leonor Rivera
 And his mission in life that he needs to prioritize

Nellie Boustead -From Biarritz Paris

-Daughter of Eduardo who is a wealthy businessman

-She was the younger between her sibling

Nelly -Nickname of Nellie Boustead

Biarritz -it is where Rizal finished the last chapter of El Filibusterismo

 Jose learned about Leonor Rivera's marriage to Henry Kipping

 He's a guest of the Boustead family (Feb. 1891) - Villa Eliada
 He befriended the two sisters: Adelina and Nellie
 Fencing with the sisters at Juan Luna's Studio in Paris
 Antonio Luna courted Nellie
 Party of Filipinos in Madrid- drunken Antonio
 Rizal challenged Luna to a duel - Luna apologized to Rizal

Suzanne Jacoby -Was a belgian lady whom Rizal met when he was 29.

-A young 18-year-old niece of the Jacoby sisters.

-Suzanne also called ' la Petite' or 'little Suzanne'

  In 1890, Rizal was only 29 years old. The Jacoby sisters had a niece also named Suzanne (1872)
but whose surname was Thill.
 Also living in the same house - 38, Rue Philippe de Champagne.
 The younger Suzanne is often referred to as la petite or little Suzanne. She was 18 years old in
1890.
 Rizal was then a lonely physician, disillusioned by his frustrated romance with Leonor Rivera and
burdened by soured hopes for justice in his country
 O-Sei San provided the beautiful escpate that he deeply needed
 Ideal woman, and he was her first love.
 The relationship not serious, Rizal did not mention her in his letters to his intimate friends.
 Suzanne shed to tears when Rizal left Belgium on August, 1890.
 Leaving Brussels, Rizal left the young Suzanne a box of chocolates. Two months later, she wrote
him a letter, saying: "After your departure, I did not take the chocolate. The box is still intact as
on the day of your parting. Don't delay too long writing us because I wear out the soles of my
shoes for running to the mailbox to see if there is a letter from you. There will never be any
home in which you are so loved as in that in Brussels, so, you little bad boy, hurry up and come
back..."

Josephine Bracken -Born in Hongkong to Irish Parents, 1876

-She was adopted by blind american godfather

-Met Rizal when she was 18 years old at Dapitan

 Rizal and Josephine Bracken met in Dapitan. Josephine had accompanied her blind adoptive
father, George Taufer, to seek medical treatment from Rizal, who was an ophthalmologist. During
their stay, Rizal and Josephine developed a mutual attraction, which eventually led to their
romantic relationship.
 Rizal was physically attracted to Josephine. His loneliness and boredom played a significant role
in his falling in love with her. However, the Rizal sisters were suspicious of Josephine, believing
she might be an agent of the friars, which they saw as a threat to Rizal’s security.
 Rizal and Josephine's relationship faced several challenges. They attempted to marry, but the
local priest, Father Antonio Obach, demanded that Rizal retract his anti-Church views before
performing the ceremony.
 Rizal and Josephine considered themselves married without the Church's blessing.
 Josephine later gave birth prematurely to a stillborn baby, which was a significant emotional
blow.
 The relationship ultimately ended with Rizal's execution on December 30, 1896, leaving
Josephine widowed.

Country. -His greatest love is undeniably his love for the ________
RIZAL THE PROSE WRITER

to the young women

of malolos -A letter written in Tagalog by Dr. Jose Rizal dedicated to the young
women in Malolos.

STORY:

 December 12, 1888 - 20 young women of Malolos petitioned to General Valeriano Weyler
 Night class for women to study the Spanish Language
 Objected by Fr. Felipe Garcia
 Continued to travel between Malolos and Manila
 February 1889 - women were allowed to open their schools
 Finance their schooling and have daytime classes
 Only went on for 3 months
 Marcelo H. Del Pilar wrote to Rizal on February 17, 1889
 In London annotating Morga’s book.
 February 22, 1889 - “To the Young Women of Malolos”
 Addressed to all the women.
 Constructive criticism

THE LETTER:

 Urged resistance - stay composed and honorable

 Lectured them about religion and blindly following the friars
 Right way of raising a child
 Be influential to their children and husbands
 Raise children close to the image of God
 Inspire their husband
 Women as the source of light
 Women of Ancient Sparta
 Rizal told the women to teach their children “to prefer death with honor than to live with
dishonor”

In the end he mentioned a few situations that women should carefully consider:

 Cowardice leads to betrayal

 Lack of dignity and fear make one contemptible.
 Ignorance is servitude, thinking for oneself is essential
 Love independence and aid others for protection
  Change is necessary for the Filipino woman
 All men are born equal, don't submit to unjust authority.
 Consider the teachings of religion carefully.

Brindis - Homage to Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo

June 25, 1884 -A toast delivered at a banquet in the Restaurant Inglés on __

 “Art, indeed, is not sterile decoration but a means of propaganda, the instrument of morality and
of public opinion."
 Rizal's speech, was a political appeal disguised as a toast
 Rizal has said, genius knows no borders; genius blooms everywhere; genius is like light, air, and
everyone's inheritance; genius is cosmopolitan like space, life, and God
 The speech was about recognizing and thanking Luna and Hidalgo.

“El Spoliarium” (Spoliarium) -Painting made by Juan Luna, who have received Gold Medal

-a cry for social justice

“Las Virgenes Cristianas

Expuestas al Populacho” -Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace

-Painting made by Felix Hidalgo, who received Silver Medal

-Talked about oppression and discrimination faced by Filipinos and it

Advocated for reforms and inspire patriotism among Filipinos

-melancholy and beauty but victims of brute force

 Art as a vehicle for social change.

Café Habanero

December 31,1891 -on __, Rizal delivered a speech at Café Habanero, Madrid

 Discussed the dissipation of energy of the Filipino youth and their apathy towards social reforms
 Lack of unity and excessive individualism
 Filipinos are mocked for going to classes
 Discussions of useless things in school, but not a word of the rights of Filipinos
 Urging unity and solidarity
  “We, therefore, profess, gentlemen, once again unity and solidarity among us. The good and
welfare of our country is our motive. Let us prove to the whole world that when a Filipino wills
something he can always do it."

Sobre La Indolencia

de los Filipinos -The Indolence of the Filipinos/Ang Katamaran ng mga Pilipino

-Rizal’s longest socio-political essay published in five (5) installments or

chapters

-Annotated some facts/information from Antonio de Morga’s “Sucesos

de las Islas Filipinas”

 Written from July 15,1890 to September 15,1890

 Written on “La Solidaridad” in Madrid
 Book translated by Charles E. Derbyshire

filipinas dentro de cien, años -The Philippines A Century Hence

-It came out as a series of articles on September 30, 1889, October 31,
1889, and February 1, 1890.

-consists of four articles. Which was written by Rizal to predict future of

Philippines in a hundred years.

 English translation by Charles E. Derbyshire.

 was first published in La Solidaridad, Madrid.

La Verdad Para Todos -“The Truth For All”

-About Petitions and Authorities in the Philippines

-to defend native Filipinos from insulting remarks of Spaniards

-highlighted the rich cultural heritage, intellectual achievements, and

moral virtues of the Filipino people.

 Published this in La Solidaridad on May 31, 1889.

Una Esperanza -“A hope”

-“the Filipino’s only hope was in God, for God has a better memory than
man and understands the value of justice better than ordinary man.”

-once a solemn prayer to God and prophetic exhortation to his people

 Overseas Minister Manuel Becerra

 published in La Solidaridad on July 15, 1890.

TOWN SCHOOLS IN THE PHILIPPINES

 La Instruccion
 Educational Decrees of 1863
 Poor educational system and apathy to learning
 “Barns of masonry” in provincial capital, or of nipa and bamboo houses in some towns, and
parish house in some towns.
 Teacher would be a graduate of the Normal School, a retired directorcillo, a clerk, or even the
top student of the previous class with a monthly salary ranging from PHP 12-25.

Three causes:

 Absence of means of education

 Lack of stimulus
 Unfair obstacles of the Filipinos

Love Of Country -Rizal’s first essay was written when he was 21.

-He wrote his essay when he was in Spain, June 1882.

-It was published in Diariong Tagalog, a nationalist newspaper, on August 20,

1882 under his pen name Laong Laan.

-Subsequently, it was published in La Solidaridad on October 31, 1890.

-published in two texts- Spanish and Tagalog

 the Spanish text was the original one, it was written by Rizal, while the Tagalog was a translation
made by Marcelo H. Del Pilar.

Los Viajes -It explores the rewards gained by people who have traveled to many places in
the world.
 -Published in La Solidaridad on May 15, 1889.

Filipinas Desgraciada -“The Unfortunate Philippines”

-Discussed the conditions in the Philippines; the result of continuous calamities

happened from 1880 to 1882.

-Emphasized the beauty of the Philippines by referring to it as “The Pearl of the

Orient.”

LIVNG IN AN IT ERA

Modern Technology -the advancement of old technology with new additions and
modifications

-Technologies that were released or improved in recent decades

-Modern products, services, and infrastructure that are designed and

built using scientific knowledge and engineering.

Examples of Modern Technology

 VR Headsets
 Smart Watches
 Robots
 Bitcoin
 Self-Driving Cars
 Cloud Technology