Transmission Modes
Transmission Modes
Transmission Modes
TOPOLOGIES:-
A bus topology consists of a main run of cable with a terminator at each end (See fig. 1).
All nodes (file server, workstations, and peripherals) are connected to the linear cable.
2) STAR TOPOLOGY
Star
A star topology is designed with each node (file server, workstations, and peripherals)
connected directly to a central network hub, switch, or concentrator (See fig. 2).
Data on a star network passes through the hub, switch, or concentrator before continuing
to its destination. The hub, switch, or concentrator manages and controls all functions of
the network. It also acts as a repeater for the data flow. This configuration is common
with twisted pair cable; however, it can also be used with coaxial cable or fiber optic
cable.
3) RING TOPOLOGY
Also known as a ring network, the ring topology is a type of computer network
configuration where each network computer and device are connected to each other
forming a large circle (or similar shape). Each packet is sent around the ring until it
reaches its final destination. Today, the ring topology is seldom used. Below is a visual
example of a simple computer setup on a network using a ring topology.
1) The data being transmitted between two nodes passes through all the intermediate
2) nodes. A central server is not required for the management of this topology.
The failure of a single node of the network can cause the entire network to fail.
The movement or changes made to network nodes affects the performance of the entire
network.
FUNCTION:-
Functions such as email exchange, web access and database access, are built on the
client-server model. For example, a web browser is a client program running on a user's
computer that may access information stored on a web server on the Internet. Users
accessing banking services from their computer use a web browser client to send a
request to a web server at a bank. That program may in turn forward the request to its
own database client program that sends a request to a database server at another bank
computer to retrieve the account information. The balance is returned to the bank
database client, which in turn serves it back to the web browser client displaying the
results to the user.
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network covering a small physical area, like
a home, office, or small group of buildings, such as a school, or an airport.
Advantage of LAN
1) Easy to share devices (printers, scanners, external drives)
2) Easy to share data (homework, pictures..)
Disadvantage of LAN
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a large computer network that usually spans a
city or a large campus. A MAN usually interconnects a number of local area networks
(LANs) using a high-capacity backbone technology, such as fiber-optical links, and
provides up-link services to wide area networks and the Internet.
Advantage of MAN
Disadvantage of LAN
1) More cable required for a man connection from one place to another
3) It is difficult to make the system secure from hackers and industrial espionage