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    1 What Is Suicide?: Durkheim Social Fact

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    Tong Ho Hin
    According to Durkheim, there are four main types of suicide: 1) Egoistic suicide results from low social integration and is more common in modern individualistic societies with weaker social bonds. 2) Altruistic suicide occurs when there is too much social integration and pressure to conform, leading individuals to take their own lives out of a sense of duty or obligation. 3) Anomic suicide happens during times of low social regulation, such as during economic booms or crises when social norms are disrupted. 4) Fatalistic suicide arises from excessive social regulation that traps individuals in unfulfilling lives from which they see no escape, like slaves or prisoners.

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    1 What Is Suicide?: Durkheim Social Fact

    Uploaded by

    Tong Ho Hin
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    According to Durkheim, there are four main types of suicide: 1) Egoistic suicide results from low social integration and is more common in modern individualistic societies with weaker social bonds. 2) Altruistic suicide occurs when there is too much social integration and pressure to conform, leading individuals to take their own lives out of a sense of duty or obligation. 3) Anomic suicide happens during times of low social regulation, such as during economic booms or crises when social norms are disrupted. 4) Fatalistic suicide arises from excessive social regulation that traps individuals in unfulfilling lives from which they see no escape, like slaves or prisoners.

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    According to Durkheim, there are four main types of suicide: 1) Egoistic suicide results from low social integration and is more common in modern individualistic societies with weaker social bonds. 2) Altruistic suicide occurs when there is too much social integration and pressure to conform, leading individuals to take their own lives out of a sense of duty or obligation. 3) Anomic suicide happens during times of low social regulation, such as during economic booms or crises when social norms are disrupted. 4) Fatalistic suicide arises from excessive social regulation that traps individuals in unfulfilling lives from which they see no escape, like slaves or prisoners.

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    71 views4 pages

    1 What Is Suicide?: Durkheim Social Fact

    Uploaded by

    Tong Ho Hin
    According to Durkheim, there are four main types of suicide: 1) Egoistic suicide results from low social integration and is more common in modern individualistic societies with weaker social bonds. 2) Altruistic suicide occurs when there is too much social integration and pressure to conform, leading individuals to take their own lives out of a sense of duty or obligation. 3) Anomic suicide happens during times of low social regulation, such as during economic booms or crises when social norms are disrupted. 4) Fatalistic suicide arises from excessive social regulation that traps individuals in unfulfilling lives from which they see no escape, like slaves or prisoners.

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    SOC3201 Presentation Tong Ho Hin 4045656

    Presentation Question: Why, according to Durkheim, do people kill themselves? Give


    an account of Durkheim’s analysis based on integration and regulation.
    As a mini case study, choose one specific social group and collect information on
    their suicide situation.

    1 What is suicide?
    Suicide – “any death which is the direct or indirect result of a positive or negative
    act accomplished by the victim himself, which he knows will produce this result”

    People used to think that suicide is an individual act


    Durkheim  Social Fact
     Social structures
     Social causes

    2 Suicide Statistics in Europe


    - At each moment of the history, each society has a definite aptitude for suicide.
    - Suicide rate: ‘a factual order, unified and definite’
    - NOT just an individual action
    - Suicide is a social phenomenon
    - Social factors driving suicide produces the tendency

    Two social forces: Integration and Regulation

    Integration
    - How a person is absorbed into the society
    - The bonding to social groups

    Regulation
    - Power that controls individuals’ actions
    - E.g. Social norms
    3 Egoistic Suicide (*Low Social Integration)
    - Low degree of integration of the social groups
    - Detached from society, less resistance to suicide
    - Excessive individualism

    Religions
    Catholics vs. Protestants

    Protestants’ suicide rates > Catholics’ suicide rates

    Features of Protestants:
    - Spirit of free inquiry
    - Greater religious individualism
    (‘The Bible is put in his hands and no interpretation is imposed upon him’)
    - Fewer common beliefs and practices
    - More individual judgement
    - Thinner bureaucracy
    - Less integrated church

    Societies and Families


    - Widowed and divorced men > married men
    - Without children > With children

    Egoistic suicide is more common in modern societies


    - Individuality
    - Independence
    - Fewer social contacts
    - Nuclear families
    4 Altruistic Suicide (*Too Much Social Integration)
    - Suicide is DUTY
    - Highly integrated and absorbed into the society
    - Impersonality
    - Self-sacrifice
    - Obligatory (implicitly or explicitly)
    - Social prestige attaches to suicide

    Egoistic Suicide Altruistic Suicide


    Sadness Hope and Satisfaction
    Detached from life With a goal
    No goal in life Belief in beautiful perspectives beyond this life

    Examples:
    1. Soldiers who preferred death to the humiliation of defeat
    2. People who kill themselves to prevent disgrace befalling their family in traditional
    societies

    5 Anomic Suicide (*Low Social Regulation)


    - Normlessness
    - Can occur when societies change drastically
    - Sudden growth/Unexpected Catastrophe
    - Disturbances of the collective order

    Economic Crisis
    - Individuals fall to the lower state
    - Reduce requirements and needs

    Economic Boom
    - Conditions of life change suddenly
    - Regulations lost
    - Unknown values and limitations
    - No restraints
    - Demands increase  fulfillment impossible
    6 Fatalistic Suicide (*Too Much Social Regulation)
    - Individuals with over-regulated, unrewarding lives (e.g. slaves, prisoners)
    - Unable to see their future
    - No way to escape/improve

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