This document discusses social control and theories of deviance. It explains that societies use both formal and informal social control to enforce cultural norms and punish deviations from these norms, known as deviance. Several perspectives on deviance are described, including structural functionalism, social control theory, and symbolic interactionism. Structural functionalism views deviance as contributing to social order, while social control theory sees weak social bonds as increasing likelihood of deviance. Symbolic interactionism and labeling theory focus on how societal reactions to behaviors can shape them as deviant. Overall, the document provides an overview of the concept of social control and several sociological theories seeking to explain deviance.
This document discusses social control and theories of deviance. It explains that societies use both formal and informal social control to enforce cultural norms and punish deviations from these norms, known as deviance. Several perspectives on deviance are described, including structural functionalism, social control theory, and symbolic interactionism. Structural functionalism views deviance as contributing to social order, while social control theory sees weak social bonds as increasing likelihood of deviance. Symbolic interactionism and labeling theory focus on how societal reactions to behaviors can shape them as deviant. Overall, the document provides an overview of the concept of social control and several sociological theories seeking to explain deviance.
Original Description:
Study of Social order. What is deviant. Who are deviant.
This document discusses social control and theories of deviance. It explains that societies use both formal and informal social control to enforce cultural norms and punish deviations from these norms, known as deviance. Several perspectives on deviance are described, including structural functionalism, social control theory, and symbolic interactionism. Structural functionalism views deviance as contributing to social order, while social control theory sees weak social bonds as increasing likelihood of deviance. Symbolic interactionism and labeling theory focus on how societal reactions to behaviors can shape them as deviant. Overall, the document provides an overview of the concept of social control and several sociological theories seeking to explain deviance.
This document discusses social control and theories of deviance. It explains that societies use both formal and informal social control to enforce cultural norms and punish deviations from these norms, known as deviance. Several perspectives on deviance are described, including structural functionalism, social control theory, and symbolic interactionism. Structural functionalism views deviance as contributing to social order, while social control theory sees weak social bonds as increasing likelihood of deviance. Symbolic interactionism and labeling theory focus on how societal reactions to behaviors can shape them as deviant. Overall, the document provides an overview of the concept of social control and several sociological theories seeking to explain deviance.
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SOCIAL
Control and Conformity
RATIONALE Throughout history, Human Society everywhere in the world have set and enforced rules, or norms. Does not exist only on formal organizations Different rules and norms Different punishment and severity of violation Word RULE and ENFORCEMENT is UNIVERSAL
SOCIAL ORDER needs SOCIAL CONTROL Social Control various means used by society to bring its member back in line with cultural norms
2 TYPES Formal Social Control components of society that is designed for the re-socialization of individuals who break formal rules Informal Social Control elements of society that is designed to reinforce informal cultural norms. FORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL Outlined motivations underlying the formal control system
1. Retribution holds that punishment is a necessary consequence of a crime and should be calculated based on the gravity of the wrong done 2. Deterrence - use of punishment as a threat to deter (discourage) people from offending. 3. Rehabilitation turning back individuals back to being a productive member of society. 4. Social Protection removing deviant members from non-deviant members of society DEVIANCE Deviance - Violate cultural norms/state of departing from usual or accepted standards Crime / formal deviance violation of law Violation of Social Informal Norms/Informal Deviance
Sociologist does not use the term DEVIANCE to refer specifically to things that are immoral. DEVIANCE is RELATIVE it is not the act itself that is deviant ; rather it is peoples interpretation that makes it deviant.
Definition of Deviance can also change over time Theories of DEVIANCE 1. Psychological Theory 2. Structural-Functionalist Perspective 3. Social Control Theory 4. Social-Conflict Perspective 5. Symbolic-Interactionist Perspective 6. Cultural-Transmission Theory PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY Study the personality of the offender Deviance is a product of disordered or abnormal minds Stresses early childhood experiences, painful traumas that produce antisocial act/deviant behavior Deviant behavior is a kind of adaptive mechanism (to deal with personality problem) Structural-Functionalist Perspective Aspects of society contribute to the operation of the entire system Emile Durkheim deviance contribute to society as a whole..knowing whats acceptable or not, moral from immoral, identifying and punishing deviance also identifies what is considered acceptable.
3 TYPES of STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE Social Bonds Structural Strain - Innovation - Ritualism - Retreatism - Rebels Opportunity Structures Structural-Functionalist Perspective Social bonds preindustrial (strong bond, work together for the good of society) .industrial (weak bond, encourage to focus individual wants and desire) weak bond results in ANOMIE.
Structural-Functionalist Perspective Structural Strain Robert K. Merton expanded Durkheims concept. - inconsistency of culturally approved means to achieve goals and those actual goals. - Contrast between wants and economic realities. 4 deviant adaptation to strain Innovation accept culturally approved goals but pursue them in ways that are not socially approved Ritualism does not believe in the established cultural goals of society, but they do believe in and abide by the means for attaining those goals. Retreatism - reject both the cultural goals and means, social dropouts ex: drug addicts Rebels - reject both the established cultural goals and the accepted means of attaining those goals, and also substitute new goals and new means of attaining those goals. Structural-Functionalist Perspective Opportunity Structure - Limited means to achieve legitimate goals - Block opportunities leads to subcultures ( ex. Stealing)
SOCIAL-CONTROL THEORY Opportunities to deviate are all around us. People conform due to social bonds, and if bonds are weak then most likely to act deviant act. Attachment - Strong, caring relationship - commitment to legitimate social goals (School, Church, etc..) - consideration of the cost of deviance Deviants are impulsive, lack of self control, insensitive, and risk takers. SOCIAL-CONFLICT THEORY Based on early observations of crime in capitalist society Inequalities are inherent in capitalism Poor had minimal resources and wanted to obtain more Powerful group benefits much on how the law and criminal justice is established. The system focuses majorly on less powerful and overlooks the activities of the powerful. Crime control is in reality Class Control leading to MISDIRECTION SYMBOLIC-INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVE This perspective places on our daily interactions. Our self-concepts are based on others perception. LABELING THEORY - cannot explain the original causes of deviant behavior. - focus not on behavior itself rather it is the response of others that labels the behavior as deviant which results to further deviance. - the result of label is secondary deviance, deviance committed as a result of the reactions of others to previous deviant behavior. - Negative labels can become a STIGMA which results for a person to change social identity - Stigma becomes a MASTER STATUS
CULTURAL-TRANSMISSION THEORY Deviance is learned to and shared through interaction with others. Transferred through the process of socialization Drawn from this theory is Differential association theory
Differential association theory - The greater the frequency, duration, importance, and intensity of the interaction, the greater that deviance will be shared.
GLOBALIZATION AND THE INTERNET Deviance often has different definitions in different cultures. It may cause social stress as to what cultural norms will an individual embrace or reject, it results to increase of deviant acts/ crimes Many countries is struggling in this issue.