For The Poor: New Millennium
For The Poor: New Millennium
For The Poor: New Millennium
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
Cuzco-Peru
25-28 March 2008
Potato science for the poor: Book of Abstracts i
Titolo
ii Potato science for the poor: Book of Abstracts
Potato science for the poor. Challenges for the New Millennium.
A working conference to celebrate the International Year of the Potato. Book of Abstracts
CONTENTS
Program ...............................................................................................................................iv
Abstracts of presentations ............................................................................................1
Numbers and titles of poster presentations ......................................................... 27
iv Potato science for the poor: Book of Abstracts
PROGRAM
24 March
25 March [Day 1]
12:30 Lunch
26 March [Day 2]
09:30 Potatoes: a tool for social inclusion and a link among cultures
in Argentina
F. Sossa, S. Capezio, S. Rigato, M.C. Monti, K.A. Okada, M.L. Tejón and
M. Huarte
12:30 Lunch
27 MARCH [Day 3]
07:00 Departure of buses from Cusco Plaza de Armas, near the Cathedral
09:30 Arrival to Park’s Community – Welcome: Park Farmers
viii Potato science for the poor: Book of Abstracts
28 MARCH [Day 4]
08:00 Keynote lecture: Nutrition and health: two key issues for
development
Manuel Peña – World Health Organization/PanAmerican Health
Organization
12:30 Lunch
Abstracts of presentations
Potato is highly productive, but losses through insect pests during the
cropping and storage periods are high. In an attempt to reduce losses,
potato farmers spend approximately US$1 billion annually on pesticides
worldwide. In developing countries the unilateral use of highly toxic
insecticides is often common practice. A rapid built-up of pest resistance to
pesticides and serious health threats of pesticides to farmers, consumers
and the environment has increased interest in safer control alternatives
through the development of integrated pest management (IPM).
This paper demonstrates the potato pest problems in the tropics
and subtropics worldwide and highlights major achievements in potato
IPM. It underline the need for a systems approach in developing effective
and sustainable IPM practices in a joint effort among scientists, extension
workers and farmers. It explores opportunities for potato IPM based on a
better understanding of potato agroecologies, the use of ecological
concepts supported by insect modeling, the use of biorational products,
biotechnology and biophysical methods.
1
International Potato Center (CIP), P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru.
Potato science for the poor: Book of Abstracts 5
Availability of seed remains one of the main constraints to the large scale
adoption of the CIP-bred or CIP-derived improved varieties. This is in spite
of the fact that research on seed systems has featured (constantly over that
last 30 years) in the agendas of CIP and the majority of its partners.
Several CIP-supported seed production ventures in Africa, Asia and
LAC are reviewed from the following points of view:
• The early exaggerated role of government support and leadership
in seed production
• The over-emphasis on laboratory technologies (micro-propagation,
disease detection, etc.) and the limited efforts in field
management processes and techniques.
• The almost exclusive focusing of seed programs on the
phytosanitary status of the seed and the neglect of its
physiological condition.
• The gradual involvement of civil society organizations in seed
production and trade.
• The adaptation to the globalization of trade of agricultural
products.
• The emergence of innovative ventures, in agricultural production
and marketing, based on the participatory market chain
approaches.
Lessons learned from the few successful cases and the numerous
less successful ones will be drawn and serve as the basis of a revised road
map for seed production research and development.
International Potato Center (CIP), P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru.
Potato science for the poor: Book of Abstracts 9
1
Univeristy of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA.
2
International Potato Center (CIP), P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru.
10 Potato science for the poor: Book of Abstracts
Socially excluded rural and urban communities are often forgotten by state
aid. Empowerment through training and development of self-sustainable
economic activities is a way to cope with the lack of opportunities and aid.
The great variability in the characteristics of these voiceless populations
creates the need for a sufficiently attractive model that promotes cultural
pride, to some extent exerts an intellectual challenge among the actors,
creates opportunities and develops social recognition and human
promotion. Society in general has to take part in these communities as a
fundamental human right and therefore facilitate the construction of social
networks.
Not surprisingly, the activity of growing and marketing potatoes
has most of these characteristics. Since 2003, INTA projects have worked in
the northwestern Coya aborigine communities of Argentina where
potatoes have a strong cultural tradition. Seed technology adapted to
subsistence farmers, participatory breeding, in situ conservation of ancient
varieties and community-based organization were promoted. We present
the results of this work.
Other native communities, such as the Mapuche aborigines in
Patagonia, had potatoes among their traditional staple crops, but they
have lost most of the associated culture and the crop has been lost. Some
actions on variety evaluation and participatory breeding were initiated and
are described. On the other hand, the Toba aborigines in the Chaco region
did not have the culture of growing potatoes but these days are suffering
severe malnutrition and a process of aculturalization, lack of jobs and life
perspective. There are indications of their willingness to grow potatoes
and rescue old intercultural and commercial exchanges with the Coyas.
Training in growing potatoes in family gardens and intercultural
exchanges is giving these native communities a different lifestyle using the
potato model.
Finally, preliminary work with mentally handicapped urban
patients and prisoners reveal their interest and motivation for learning
about potatoes, transforming this “hidden treasure” into a common
denominator to all these forgotten human populations. A project linking
these frequently excluded communities through learning and exchanging
knowledge about potatoes is described.
1
Abra pampa Experiment Station, INTA, Jujuy, Argentina.
2
College of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata
(UNMdP), Argentina.
3
Balcarce Experiment Station INTA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
4
College of Health Sciences and Social Services, UNMdP, Argentina.
Potato science for the poor: Book of Abstracts 11
1
University of Missouri, Columbia, USA.
2
Universidad de la Cordillera, Bolivia.
12 Potato science for the poor: Book of Abstracts
1
International Potato Center (CIP), P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru.
2
CARE, Peru.
3
PROINPA, Bolivia.
4
ASAR, Bolivia.
5
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Ethiopia.
6
Self Help Development International (SHDI), Ethiopia.
7
National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Uganda.
8
AFRICARE, Uganda.
Potato science for the poor: Book of Abstracts 13
1
International Potato Center (CIP), P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru.
2
International Potato Center (CIP), Huancayo, Peru.
3
Internationational Potato Center (CIP), Quito, Ecuador.
14 Potato science for the poor: Book of Abstracts
1
Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montreal,
Canada.
2
Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture,
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
3
Centro de Investigaciones Agronómicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, San
José, Costa Rica.
4
Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Potato science for the poor: Book of Abstracts 17
1
International Potato Center (CIP), Lima , Peru.
2
Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
3
PROINPA, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
4
Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNC), Bogota, Colombia.
5
INIAP, Quito, Ecuador.
6
Universidad Agraria de La Molina (UNALM), Lima, Peru.
20 Potato science for the poor: Book of Abstracts
The Papa Andina network in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru employs two novel
forms of collective action to foster market chain innovation in the Andes.
The participatory market chain approach (PMCA) and stakeholder
platforms bring small potato producers together with market agents and
agricultural service providers to identify common interests, share market
knowledge and carry out joint activities to develop new business
opportunities.
Using these forms of collective action, new market niches have
been developed for Andean native potatoes grown by poor farmers in
remote highland areas. Social networks have been developed that
stimulate technical and institutional innovations, benefiting small farmers
as well as other market chain actors. This paper describes Papa Andina’s
experiences with collective action for market chain innovation. It then
discusses how this contributes to our understanding of collective action
generally, and policy implications for research and development
organizations, including Papa Andina.
1
International Potato Center (CIP), Papa Andina Initiative, Lima, Peru.
2
National Institute for Agricultural Research (INIAP), Ecuador.
3
Project for Innovation and Competitiveness of Peru’s Potato Sector
(INCOPA), Peru.
Potato science for the poor: Book of Abstracts 21
Native potato varieties have been crucial for the subsistence and survival
of Andean farmers for centuries. In today’s globalized world, they are a
unique asset and comparative advantage of marginalized Andean
communities. Put into a value chain context, native potato biodiversity has
underexploited potential to improve the livelihood of farmers and
contribute to sustainable development in the Andes - a potential which
T’ikapapa has contributed to realize.
T’ikapapa is a marketing concept and work scheme that resulted
from collective action, innovation and public-private partnership
promoted by CIP’s project INCOPA/Papa Andina. Through T’ikapapa, small-
scale Andean farmers accessed high value niche market opportunities,
which added value to their native potato production and increased their
income, while providing a business case for the social responsibility of the
modern retail food industry. T’ikapapa has also contributed to raise public
awareness of and interest in the conservation of Andean potato
biodiversity through commercial use. Eventually, it fed back to the
research agenda on production and post-harvest technology
This paper describes the conceptual framework behind T’ikapapa´s
creation, presents a first balance of outcomes at the commercial,
institutional and technological levels, discusses shortcomings and outlines
remaining challenges for developing T’ikapapa into a replicable marketing
scheme to link small farmers to market in a sustainable way as part of a
poverty reduction strategy.
Demand for potato chips has been increasing in the eastern and central
African (ECA) countries, but there is considerable lack of information on the
potential of fresh and frozen potato products in the regional market. This
study was carried out in six ECA countries: Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya,
Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda from 2004 to 2006. Two to three cities or
towns in each of the six countries were selected for the study based on the
extent of either consumption or production of potatoes. A sampling
strategy selected respondents from the different cities and clustered them
into three homogenous groups. The groups were hotels, bars and
restaurants, and household consumers. In addition, information was
collated from supermarkets and local processors. Data were collected from
primary and secondary sources.
Despite increasing demand for processed potato products,
especially chips, processing enterprise is either absent or at a very early
stage. Only Kenya has a factory that processes and sells frozen chips to the
niche markets. Three market channels were also found from which fresh
and processed potato can be sourced; these are the retail stores,
processors and consumers. Anyone of these in the market chain may be a
processor or consumer along the chain. However, the lack of a sustainable
supply of chips to match the demand in the region forced some hotels,
restaurants and supermarkets to import frozen chips from either Europe or
South Africa. Nonetheless, the potential to produce high quality potatoes
suitable for making quality chips is available within the ECA. Moreover, the
availability of credit facilities, the COMESA trade agreement and the
growing demand for processed chips offer a great opportunity for a very
profitable processing industry in the region. This has great potential for
small-scale producers to access the chip market at both national and
regional levels, leading to increased household incomes, reduced poverty
and improved livelihoods.
1
International Potato Center, P.O. Box 22274 Kampala, Uganda.
2
Regional network for the improvement of potato and sweetpotato in
Eastern and Central Africa, P.O. Box 22274, Kampala, Uganda.
3
ASARECA’s Technology Uptake and Up-scaling Support Initiative (TUUSI),
PO Box 765, Entebbe, Uganda.
4
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 213, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia.
5
FOODNET, Uganda.
6
International Potato Center (CIP), P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru.
Potato science for the poor: Book of Abstracts 23
FORTIPAPA - ECUADOR
24 Potato science for the poor: Book of Abstracts
Session 2
2.1 Ecuadorian native potatoes - an invaluable gene resource
J. Rivadeneira
2.2 Irish potato production and challenges in a rural area: the case
of Fokoue, West Cameroon
J.C. Mbomeda, A. Tchoumba and S.C Teke
2.3 Participatory evaluation of selected components of integrated
control of potato late blight in central Kenya
M. Nyongesa, P. Gildermacher, C. Lung’aho and G. Forbes
2.4 Participative evaluation of field resistance to powdery scab
(Spongospora subterranean) and potato cyst nematode
(Globodera pallida) in two highland communities of Junín and
Huancavelica in Peru
R. Ccanto, R. Gómez, E. Olivera, J. Poma and M. Scurrah
28 Potato science for the poor: Book of Abstracts
Session 4
4.1 Role of potatoes in the diet of children and women of highland
rural communities of Huancavelica
G. Burgos, R. Liria, H. Creed- Kanashiro, S. De Haan and M.
Bonierbale
4.2 PAPASALUD - An international project to exploit the potential
of native potato species for sustainable agriculture
E. Ritter, JI. Ruiz de Galarreta, L. Barandalla, M. Huarte, S. Capezzio, X.
Cuesta, J. Rivadeneira, F. Vilaró, J. Gabriel, M. Scurrah, R. Canto, W.
Amoros, A. Forbes and M. Bonierbale
4.3 Innovating with socially responsible enterprises for sustainable
marketing of potato biodiversity by small-scale farmers in Peru
A. Thomann, A. Devaux, M. Ordinola and T. Bernet
4.4 The potato seed keepers in Peru
M. Tapia
Potato science Challenges for the
for the poor New Millennium
A Working Conference to Celebrate the International Year of the Potato
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
Cuzco-Peru
25-28 March 2008