Package and Practices For Integrated Pest Management of Mango
Package and Practices For Integrated Pest Management of Mango
Package and Practices For Integrated Pest Management of Mango
Article
Popular Kheti
Volume -2, Issue-3 (July-September), 2014
Available online at www.popularkheti.info
2014 popularkheti.info
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genetic diversity was exploited for better crop improvement programme to produce various
export quality cultivars. Although Mango (fresh fruits) and processed mango products are
exported from India to different importing countries like United Arab Emirates, Bangladesh,
United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Nepal, USA, Oman, Singapore, etc
and earned some foreign exchange also. But Indian exports are not significant in comparison to
the other mango producing countries of the world. Its export is mainly hindered due to
quarantine concerns. Fruit flies, stone weevil and pulp weevil infesting mango fruits in India
are of quarantine concerns to many countries viz., Japan (fruit flies), USA (fruit flies & Stone
weevil), etc. The excessive use of some hazardous pesticides to control these pests, there would
be the chance to reduce acceptance of Indian Mango in world market. The heavy use of these
chemical pesticides also has resulted in high degree of environmental pollution, reduction in
natural enemies of insect pests and pollinators, high incidence of pests and diseases, resurgence
of pests, occupational health hazard, social risk and low profitability with low benefit cost
ratio, etc. Complete reliance only on organic to control pests is also impossible in large scale
successfully. To mitigate these problems, there is a need of adoption of suitable integrated pest
management practises by mango growers that will help in following ways:
1. Maximise production of healthy, good quality fruit
2. Minimise the use of the quantum of pesticides
3. Promoting non-chemical eco-friendly approaches
4. Reduce pesticide residues on fruit
5. Production of import quality fruits
6. Maximize the benefit/ cost ratio
Pest Status on Mango in India
There are more than 175 species of insects, 17 species of mites and 26 species of nematodes to
infest mango trees and about 45 per cent of which have been reported from India. Some of the
major insect-pests and diseases are listed here:
A. List of Insect-Pests Of National Importance
S. No.
Key pests
Features
1.
Mango hopper
(Idioscopus
clypealis, I. nitidulus
and Amritodus
atkinsoni )
2.
Mango mealy
(Drosicha
mangiferae)
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Seasonal distribution
A low population of
hoppers has been recorded
in
mango
orchards
throughout the year but it
shoots up during FebruaryApril
and
JuneAugust. Shade and high
humidity conditions with
moderately
high
temperature are favourable
for their multiplication.
bug It is a polyphagous pest, besides Low temperature, pest is
mango, it also attacks about 62 other active from November to
plants and widely distributed in the May.
Indo-Gangetic plains. Due to pest
attack drying of leaves and
inflorescence.
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4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
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12.
Leaf webber
(Orthaga sp.)
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Diseases
Symptoms
Environmental factors
1.
Powdery mildew
(Oidium mangiferae)
2.
Anthracnose
(Colletotrichum
gloeosporioides)
Die-back
(Lasiodiplodia
theobromae)
3.
4.
Sooty Mould
(Capnodium sp.)
5.
Bacterial canker
Angular brown cankerous
(X.
campestrispv. surrounded by chlorotic halo.
mangiferae-indicae )
6.
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3. IPM Module: Need based, area wise suitable IPM module should be generated depending
on crop ecology and pest profiling of the specific area.
4. Validation: The IPM module generated in this way should be validated through field trails
in various locations.
5. Implementation: After validation, the generated IPM module can implemented and
recommended for mango growers.
Calendar of IPM Activities to be Performed Throughout the Year based on Pest and
Disease Profile
Months
Target pest
IPM strategy
July
Mealy bug,
Reduce the mealy bug population by removing weeds
Inflorescence
like Clerodendrum
infortunatum and
grasses
by
midge,
ploughing during June-July in the mango orchard.
Stem borer, bark Remove and destroy midge affected flowers and tender
eating caterpillar,
shoots.
Mango Scale,
Raking soil below the tree to destroy the pupae helps to
Red rust
manage the mango inflorescence midge.
Deep ploughing of orchard to expose the egg after
harvesting, remove and destroy dead and severely
affected branches of the tree, remove alternate host, silk
cotton and other hosts and grow tolerant mango varieties
viz., Neelam, Humayudin helping us to reduce the
infestation of mango stem borer. To prevent bark eating
caterpillar and oviposition by adult beetles of mango
stem borer swab Coal tar + Kerosene @ 1:2 or Carbaryl
50 WP 20 g / l (basal portion of the trunk - 3 feet height)
after scraping the loose bark.
If infestation of mango stem borer and bark eating
caterpillar are severe then apply the copper oxychloride
paste on the trunk of the tree or hook out the grub from
the bore hole - apply monocrotophos 36 WSC 10 to 20
ml/ hole or apply carbofuran 3G 5 g per hole and plug
with mud.
For the management of mango scales pruning of infested
branches and burning them. If infestation is severe spray
with phosphomidon 40SL 2 ml/lit.
Spraying of copper oxychloride (COC) @ 0.3% for
timely picking of fruits
August
Leaf webber,
Spraying of quinalphos @ 0.05%.
Red rust,
Webbed leaves should be removed and burnt wherever
Anthracnose
possible for the management of mango leaf webber.
If infestation of leaf webber is severe, spray with
quinalphos 0.05% @ 2ml/lit.
Spraying of copper oxychloride (COC) for red rust and
anthracnose.
Proper drainage in nursery.
Sanitation and removal of weeds from orchard.
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Eggs of mealy
bug,
Fruit fly,
Die-back,
Anthracnose,
Phoma blight
December
Mealy bug,
Hopper
January
Inflorescence
midge,
Mealy bug,
Powdery mildew
February
March
April
Powdery mildew
Powdery mildew
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June
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Conclusion
IPM module described in the present article is simple to apply irrespective of locality and
socioeconomic status of the mango growers. It is suitable IPM package and practices for
mango pests and diseases that can easily be adopted by any mango growers. Any need based
modification or change in the strategic plan based on situation, location and pest profiling of
any region, it can be modified accordingly by the farmers themselves. Always socio-economic
condition of the growers should be kept in consideration before recommendation and
implementation of this strategy. Area wide, community approach among mango growers
should be promoted. This will help for its success in long run. Any Government subsidy if
available should easily be accessible to farmers. The economic benefit of the recommended
IPM schedule is to be quantified. Time to time assessment of implemented IPM module is also
necessary for its betterment and improvement in long run.
References
Anonymous. 2002. Integrated Pest Management Package for Mango. IPM Package No-34.
Department of Agriculture and Cooperation. Directorate of Plant Protection,
Quarantine and Storage, Faridabad, 21pp.
Anonymous. 2013. National Horticulture Board, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India,
4 pp.
Atwal AS and Dhaliwal GS. 2005. Agricultural pests of South Asia and their management,
310-317 pp.
Biswas BC and Kumar L. 2011. Revolution in mango production success stories of some
farmers. Fertiliser Marketing News, New Delhi, 24pp.
David BV and Ramamurthy VV. 2012. Elements of Economic Entomology, 151-154 pp.
NICRA. 2012. Manual for mango pest surveillance. National Centre for Integrated Pest
Management, New Delhi, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region,
Research Centre, Ranchi, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture,
Hyderabad, and Central Institute for Subtropical Agriculture, Lucknow, 39 pp.
Pinese B. 2006. Integrated pest management in Australian mangoes. DPI&F North Queensland
Multan.
Reddy PP. 2010. Insect, mite and vertebrate pests and their management in horticulture Crops,
41-55 pp.
Renkang P and Keith C. 2005. A manual for conventional and organic mango growers in
Australia. School of Science and Primary Industries. Charles Darwin University,
Australia, 54pp.
Tanwar RK, Jeyakumar P and Monga D. 2007. Mealybugs and their management. Technical
Bulletin 19, National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi, 16pp.
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