Desert Magazine 1980 May
Desert Magazine 1980 May
Desert Magazine 1980 May
FLASH FLOOD
FACES OF VEGAS
DANGER!
POISONOUS
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Volume 43 He covers the heavens with clouds, sends down the showers May, 1980
and makes green grass grow in mountain pastures —Psalms 147:4
Number 4 USPS 154-940
ISSN 0194-3405
Desert Magazine is published monthly by Cactus Paperworks, Inc. Of- subscription order form in this issue. Please allow five weeks for change
ficers: R.C. Packer, President; Chester M. Ross, Vice-President; Donald of address and send both new and old addresses with zip codes. Second
MacDonald, Vice-President; Gary E. Squier, Vice-President; Marjorie class postage paid at Palm Desert, CA., and at additional mailing offices
Moline, Secretary. EDITORIAL, CIRCULATION, AND ADVERTISING under Act of March 3,1879. Contents copyrighted 1980 by Desert Maga-
OFFICES: 74-425 Highway 111, P.O.Box 1318, Palm Desert, CA. 92261. zine and permission to reproduce any or all contents must be secured in
Telephone: (714) 568-2781. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: U.S. and its pos- writing. Unsolicited manuscripts and photographs will not be returned
sessions, Canada, and Mexico: 1-year, $9.00; 2-years, $17.00; 3-years, unless accompanied by a self-addressed, stamped envelope or inter-
$25.00. All other countries add $2.00 U.S. currency for each year. See national exchange coupons.
LHHE POWELL OUR REOERS A LETTER TO SUBSCRIBERS
off-sEnson is JUST ns
BEHUTIFUL
WITE We've been fighting the bat-
tle of inflation here at Desert
and frankly, we're losing. The
supplies we use in our typeset-
It's the greatest for summer family fun. ting machines, for example,
Wahweap, Bullfrog and Hite resorts/marinas went up 40-60 per cent as of
are open year around, but you really should Feb. 1, 1980, due to compar-
DESERT USERS CATEGORIZED
try us in the spring, fall and winter... able increases in the silver and
Wendell Berry in the Unsettling of America petroleum used as ingredients
Not only for moderate temperatures,/ better said that, in terms of land use, Americans fall in these materials. We're sorry
into two categories: the exploiters and the
fishing and less crowded conditions, but for
nurturers. The exploiters are those who
but effective with all subscrip-
would destroy the long-term productivity of tions that expire with our June,
Savings to the land for short-term economic gain. The
exploiters, acting in the profiteering lifestyle
1980 issue, we're forced to
raise our renewal rates to $10
so popular in our times, would use up our de- for one year or $19 for two
10/ sert lands and leave nothing but wastelands
years. Three year subscriptions
for succeeding generations. The nurturers are
those who would use our lands but sacrifice will be discontinued. So, Re-
some amount of short-term profit for the sake new or Extend Your Present
of long-term productivity. They would not Subscription Now to Beat the
take more than the desert can give. They Price Increase. And it's a good
would allow the desert legacy to remain for
our children and our children's children.
time to think about sending
Steven Singer Desert to a friend. Gift sub-
Santa Cruz, Calif. scriptions will go up with the
June issue, too.
SUGAR IS SUGAR IS SUGAR
Regretfully,
Your article "Dateline: Indio, Calif." [Desert,
Mar. '80] may have inadvertently done a dis-
The Publishers of Desert
service. You state dates contain invert sugar
(monosaccharides) which is non-acidic and
may betaken by diabetics with no adverse ef-
fects. This is mystifying, much as statements
I hear that white sugar is harmful and that
brown sugar, molasses or honey are "more BUSINESS STAFF
beneficial" or "more natural." Sugar is
sugar as far as the human body is concerned, Publisher
regardless of source. All sugars are exactly Donald MacDonald
Co-Publisher
the same for equal weight consumed. All are Gary E. Squier
converted when eaten into glucose, the major Advertising Sales
body metabolic substance. Therefore the dia- Nancy McCreary
betic must count the calories from all sugars, Marketing Director
and starches too for they are polysaccharides. George E. Sector
Frank W. Ellis, M.D. Subscription Fulfillment
Los Alamitos, Calif. Pat J.Williams
Dr. Ellis's informative letter was edited by us Business Manager
Marjorie Moline
for space reasons. Readers, particularly dia-
Counsel
betics and others who must control their su- Chester M. Ross
gar intake, will be sent the complete text
upon request. Please enclose a stamped, Represented by National Advertising Sales, Inc.
self-addressed envelope. The information Robert E. Leyburn, Pres.
Mike Cerik, Nat'l. Sis. Mgr.
that "diabetics may consume invert sugars Louis T. Zito, Reg. Mgr.
with no adverse effects" is contained in li- 750 Third Avenue, 29th Floor
terature distributed by most of the major date New York, NY 10017
growers, and author Lee Kirk and the editors (212)682-7483
of Desert saw no reason to question what was Philip E. Holmes, Reg. Mgr.
Send color and rate brochures on
Wahweap, Bullfrog and Hite resorts/marinas
stated as a fact by those who should know. 435 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1314
Chicago, 1160611
Name_ READING FOR EVERYBODY (312)644 8270
Address _
Lou Pagluighi, Reg. Mgr.
Hey, I like that down-home Cactus City Cla- 1680 Vine St., Suite 909
City _ State.
rion you're printing in Desert nowadays. Lots Los Angeles, CA 90028
of stuff about mines, mining, and some bull (213)466-7717
thrown in for flavoring. Now there's reading Desert is published monthly by Cactus Paper-
Lahe Powell Resorts S marinas DM for everybody — college professor or student, works, Inc. Copyright 1980. Editorial and Ad-
nature lovers, miners, rockhounds, treasure vertising Sales Offices: 74-425 Highway 111,
Box 29040, Phoenix, AZ 85038 hunters — and even for an ol' desert rat like Palm Desert, CA 92260. Please address all mail
New central reservations system: me. You done throwed a clod in the butter- to Desert: P.O. Box 1318, Palm Desert, CA
West of Mississippi call toll-free 1-800-528-6154. 92261; Tel. (714) 568-2781. Desert is distributed
churn this time. nationally by Dell Distributing C , Inc., 1 Dag
In Arizona, call (602) 264-8466. 40 Mile Al Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017;
Reno, Nevada JohnGaffney, Acc't. Exec, Tel. (212)832-7300.
Desert/May 1980
photo by David Muench
M
%
Wi. m
mi
THE
by Donald MacDonald
,w
S OF VEGA
Photos by Gary E. Squier
1
\ I • [ W
SAM'S TOWN
L as Vegas is as much a part of far from the center of tourist activi- their headquarters, at first only
our desert as Tombstone, ties. The Boyds felt, and they have because it was convenient to
Zzyzx or Santa Fe except that proved to be right, that the locals Horseman's Park, but eventually
it is a little newer. 461,000 wanted to get away from the Strip for the same reasons that draw
people live in or near the city and Downtown Casino Center everyone. Sam Boyd shakes his
and in 1979, there were 56,957 when it came their turn to play.
marriages and only 7,588 divorces.
head at why these people were
It was a $15,000,000 gamble for treated so shabbily on the Strip.
There are 200 churches and 111 el- that's what it cost to build Sam's They've just got to have money, he
ementary and seconday schools. To Town, first opened a year ago last notes with considerable logic.
further qualify, the average rainfall March, and it has already paid off So plans are afoot for Sam's
is 3.76 inches which is arid by any in four clovers. The reason is that Town to sponsor a major rodeo this
definition. Vegas locals are treated like se- May or June. The two best in each
As you come down off the Clark cond-class citizens in their own ca- of the eight established specialties
Mtn. grade headed north on 1-15 sinos, even when they work there from all over the country will be in-
from Las Angeles, the neon bril- as the majority of residents do. vited. The stakes will be high and
liance of this strange place greets They can't even get a $100 marker, paid, too, which is sometimes not
you 30 miles out. Closer, its build- their jargon for credit. the case in rodeos.
ings sprout like giant concrete and Sam's Town employees, from The Boyds are pushing the
glass cacti from the desert floor. In managers to car jockeys, are first of "westernization" of Sam's Town.
it, one must search to find proof in all courteous. They'd better be be- Ground-breaking is scheduled soon
the form of homes for the statistics cause their customers think the for an adjacent 200-room hotel to
quoted above. place belongs to them. And, of be called the Pioneer which will
The homes are there, stretched course, once a visitor is registered, augment the existing 200 rooms.
out along the boulevards that run he can't usually, with an important There'll be a rustic steakhouse and
eastward toward Boulder Highway, exception, be told from a local so an open-pit barbeque every night
and it is this orientation of local the same courtesies are extended weather permits.
population that caused Sam and to him. It hurts to expand now because
Bill Boyd to locate their new Sam's The exception is the horsemen Sam's Town is nowhere close to re-
Town Hotel & Gambling Hall way (or women) who make Sam's Town turning its investment. However,
Desert/May 1980
•V
escalating costs demand commit- ders with the big shots. It was
ment. While the Boyds may not image and security and now, all
even play their own slot machines, that is lost. The little guy doesn't
they're gamblers and have been all care if the odds are a little better
their lives. today, and that there's very little if
Sam himself is one of the few any fixing of games, because he
old-timers in Vegas who has sur- knows he's going to lose anyway. It
vived the three major transitions in just takes a little longer and while
the casino hierarchy. Nothing he's losing, he gets kicked around
much happened until after World by nobodies which is hard to take.
War II but then there was a brief In short, the little guy doesn't feel
period when anyone with the at home anymore.
money could get into the business. Except at Sam's Town. Your
That, of course, attracted the room is ready when you get there.
"mob" who established the Strip, The genial Nell presides in Dia-
leaving the pioneers downtown mond Lil's, one of the best restau-
pretty much alone. Sam says he rants in Las Vegas, and not only
could live with them and that most asks your name when you come in
of his contemporaries did. but remembers it when you leave.
It was the corporations who came The waitresses even smile for you
next, after the mob was kicked out, at 3 a.m. in the coffee shop which,
that made it hard. He remembers incidentally, is ventilated by a sys-
Howard Hughes moving in and tem of belt-driven tans intricate e-
buying the Sands, Desert Inn, Sil- nough to puzzle an astronaut.
ver Slipper, Castaway, and Fron- Is Sam's Town a vacation spot
tier within weeks of each other. for families with kids? Not quite,
There was no communication be- anymore than is Circus Circus or
tween the old and the new and the the MGM Grand with its elaborate
separation became permanent. nursery and youth hostel. Vegas is
Sam, who started out working for grown-ups unless you make it a
the gambling ships off San Pedro base to see the desert heritage and
on the California coast, speculates beauty that abounds within a day's
from experience that the little guy drive or less everywhere around
used to come to Vegas once a the city. You'll find some of that on
month or once a year to rub shoul- the pages that follow.
Desert/May 1980
OLD VEGAS
n 1830 a 16-year-old outrider actly what these early apostles had Shelton has spent $3 million so
one of the girl's had said, and how hard it was to get talents for the sole purpose of aiding these children.
the kids to do their chores on Saturday mornings. The sky had been pouring everything but sunshine
Had we not been briefed on the sad beginnings of on the desert the day we talked with Fr. Ward. And,
these children, he could have been just any father as we left the Ranch, the earth seemed still to be
discussing his family. trembling from the lightning and thunder that had,
Previously we had been sitting in his office, where just minutes before our departure, split the sky and
pictures of kids take up every inch of spare wall, dumped a layer of hail on the already saturated
shelf, and desk space. Fr. Ward had touched on how ground. The heavens were caught up in playing
the children were always wondering why they were ocean and cascading waves of clouds over the tops of
at St. Judes, or why Mother didn't call or, sadly, the surrounding mountains, splashing them down
blaming themselves for their parent's breaking up. the ravines, curling them around protrusions and
And, how to many of them, with so much to worry ridges, and disguising them as islands and reefs.
about, studies just weren't important. Fr. Ward told The whole environment crackled and sparkled like a
of the day they received the large statue of the Holy child's eyes, like the eyes of a child who had been
Family, carved of wood from Korea, which was do- caught playing hookey by a parent or teacher who
nated to the chapel: "All of the kids have the dream understood that sometimes it's just fun and all right
of going home. They stroked the baby, and some of to be not the way, or where, you're supposed to be —
the children were so moved at seeing a permanently like rain and hail on a desert that's supposed to be
carved family, they cried." arid and hot.
St. Jude's is mostly supported by private gifts. Understanding and unquestioning love, meeting
Nevada's welfare funds provide a small portion of these children individually and right where they're
the annual budget. Another, surer source is the at, drafted and directed by God and with the help of a
"Night of Stars Benefit" in Las Vegas. November, few friends, Fr. Ward and his staff are the family
1980 will be the 14th annual gathering of top enter- these children never had, carving the home they
tainers (Frank Sinatra is a regular) who donate their always dreamed of, from out of a desert hillside.
14 Desert/May 1980
OREGON'S
HARNEY COUNTY Story and Photos by Billie Durfee
J*Y
iMWM & ^m
•:r.-v\>m-..'S>
outheastern Oregon is deep in history, large in
area, and high in altitude; it's also short on
people, but long on wildfowl, game, and fish.
This happy combination makes the Steens
Mountain area of Harney County attractive to
birdwatchers, naturalists, geologists, photograph-
ers, historians, and conservationists.
More and more people explore it each year, de-
spite its distance from "civilization." Burns, the
county seat with a population of 3,293, is nearly 300
miles from Portland, Oregon; over 200 from Alturas,
California; and nearly 300 from Winnemucca,
Nevada.
However, more people doesn't mean a crowd. Ex-
cept in Burns and south on State Highway 205, you
are unlikely to see more than five or six cars in a
whole day.
Where to stay? The historic and central place to
spend a few nights is 58 miles south of Burns at the
Frenchglen Hotel in the hamlet (population 11) of
Frenchglen. The hostelry was built in 1916 as a stop-
over for teamsters bound south over the Jackass
Mountains which rise directly behind the hotel; the
wagons then continued through the Catlow Valley
carrying supplies to the Roaring Springs, Alvord,
and Whitehorse ranches. The hotel's eight rooms are
The exterior of the unique round barn is shown opposite. Inside, the
spartan but pleasing with beds covered with hand- maze of supporting posts undoubtedly complicated the job of
made quilts. Breakfast and dinner are served family training and breaking.
style around two oval tables.
Most people drive the Steens Mountain Loop the
first day. The trip is around 52 miles on a graded dirt The southern approach to the rim is more dramatic
road. Because of snow, the road is usually closed than the northern one. Drive 10 miles south of
from late October until July. Allow a minimum of five Frenchglen and turn east. Observe the sign which
hours to be sure of enough time for off-road says that the weather on Steens can change suddenly
exploring. The road, however, can be negotiated with lightning, violent rain storms, snow storms, and
safely by passenger cars. high winds. Avoid high points, canyon rims, and
Unlike most of Oregon's mountains which are creek bottoms during extreme weather conditions.
either volcanic cones and/or part of a range, Steens First come the Blitzen River crossing and Little In-
is a fault block mountain. Millions of years ago a 30- dian Creek and gorge. After these is Big Indian
mile-long rent in the earth's surface allowed the ba- Gorge which is definitely worth a side trip. The area
saltic crust to be pushed up along the fault line. It just beyond looks like an infantile Icelandic lava bed.
looks like a tipped over book end. Look for coyotes on the lower elevations and antelope
There are no foothills; instead, the mountain rises and mule deer higher up.
gradually on the west side. The approach to the The summit has two wildly different views. The
summit is 23 miles as the crow flies but not as the east rim has a vertical drop of over 5,000 feet to the
road winds. The ascent passes through four distinct Alvord Desert which is still over 4,000 feet above sea
zones: The sageline belt, the juniper belt, the aspen level. The desert, 15 miles long and eight miles wide,
belt, and above 8,000 feet, the bunchgrass belt. The is a glistening expanse of desolation surrounded by
summit is 9,354 feet or 9,773, depending on which acres of greasewood and some bunchgrass.
expert opinion you choose. The northern rim looks down into the Kiger Gorge.
16 Desert/May 1980
The round barn on Pete
French's Barton Lake sub-
station is the sole survivor of
three. They were used for
breaking and exercising hor-
ses during winter months.
It is the largest of the many valleys. Unlike the other expanse in the midst of an immense arid region
gorges, which were cut by streams, Kiger was cut by which has attracted 264 species of birds and 52 spe-
a glacier. You can see the western swing the glacier cies of mammals.
took as it carved this half-mile deep valley. Deer feed History buffs will enjoy an entire day of Pete
on the valley floor as do Herefords. Part of the valley French's ranch buildings. But first a very short ac-
is privately owned and part is leased by the BLM for count of early 19th century Harney County pioneers:
grazing. T h e first white men arrived in Harney County
The Loop Road continues past Fish Lake, over Basin in 1826. They were French-Canadian fur
7,000 feet high and stocked with trout, to Lily Lake. trappers under the command of Peter Skene
The northern exit crosses the entrance to Pete Ogden who explored for the Hudson's Bay
French's famous " P " Ranch, but save the ranch for Company. He recorded seeing large numbers
a whole Pete French day. of Indians around Malheur Lake. Indeed, the Paiutes
Steens was unimaginatively named by Major had an ideal location. Summers they could migrate a
Enoch Steen who in 1860 left his fort at the The few miles up the mountain to enjoy the cooler air,
Dalles on the Columbia River to explore for a wagon and still hunt fish and fowl in the marshes below. At
road to Salt Lake City. He simply named it after him- the same time they could eat game from the slopes of
self with no apostrophe. the Steens. The Paiutes lived in small family groups,
A later military man of higher rank, Colonel and until stirred up by the Bannocks in 1878 were a
George B. Currey, was more dramatically inclined. peaceful, loosely knit tribe.
While crossing a river during a thunder and light- Nearly 20 years after Ogden's trappers, the
ning storm, he named it the Donner und Blitzen famous Meek Cutoff Party which had left the Oregon
River. The " u n d " is still on the maps, but most of Trail to avoid the treacherous Blue Mountains, blun-
the locals refer to it as the Blitzen River. dered through the region. These were the pioneers
The Blitzen, which receives many of the streams whose children threw pretty yellow rocks into a blue
that melt off the mountain, flows north into Malheur bucket as they walked along. It was months later be-
Lake and together they create the marshes which at- fore the much decimated group rejoined the Oregon
tract the abundant animal life that first brought the Trail at the Dalles. It was even later before their pa-
region to President Theodore Roosevelt's attention. rents found out that the rocks were gold. The myth-
He created the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. ical Blue Bucket Mine has never been found despite
The Refuge headquarters turn-off is 35 miles north diligent searching in half a dozen diaries and much
of Frenchglen. A dike road, higher than State High- direct application of pick and shovel.
way 205, runs parallel to it. Signs are posted to tell The year 1868 marks the arrival of Oregon's first
which portions of the dike road are open since some genuine cattle baron, John Devine, who came from
parts are closed during various nesting seasons. California to establish the Whitehorse Ranch south-
Take the dike road whenever possible. east of the Steens.
The Refuge was established in 1908 primarily as a Four years later Pete French traveled north
nesting place for migrating birds. It is also a gather- through the Sacramento Valley. Pete was the best
ing place for waterfowl migrating between southern cattleman, the best builder, the most dramatic
wintering grounds and northern breeding areas on stockman of them all. He married the boss's daugh-
the Pacific flyway. ter and then, one day after Christmas, he was shot in
At the top of the " T " shaped refuge are the the back. His murderer was acquitted although the
Double 00 Ranch, Harney Lake, the Refuge head- killing was witnessed by several cowhands. No won-
quarters, and Malheur Lake; the vertical part is the der that more has been written about him than about
Blitzen River Valley that extends past Frenchglen. Devine, Henry Miller or Bill Harney, all well known
In wet seasons Malheur Lake overflows into Mud in local cattle history.
and Harney Lakes, and it is this extensive freshwater French arrived with 1,200 head of cattle, 20 saddle
Desert/May 1980 17
horses, six Mexican vaqueros, and a Chinese cook.
He was backed by Dr. Hugh Glenn of Jacinto, Cali- This building, one of the few remaining in the ghost town of Blitzen,
is believed to have been one of the two general stores.
fornia. Pete drove his herd into the Catlow Valley
and camped near some springs. Soon he was visited
by a man named Porter, a prospector looking for
gold, who also ran a few head of cattle. Porter was
discouraged; he had decided that he would never
find gold in the area. He sold his cattle and his " P "
branding iron to French. Porter had run his stock be-
tween Roaring Springs and the upper Blitzen River,
range that was technically his under the existing
laws. The land became French's when he bought the
stock and the branding iron.
French was determined to own all the Blitzen
River Valley, and ultimately he did. In time, the
French-Glenn Livestock Company controlled 100,000
acres (there is some disagreement on the exact num-
ber), 30,000 head of cattle, and 3,000 horses and
mules.
He built his main ranch, the " P , " across from
what is now Frenchglen. (The Oregon Historical So-
ciety does not know when or why the second " n "
disappeared.) Here he built a large white house, a
long barn, a beef wheel for hanging cattle to thwart
predators and for butchering, a good deal of willow
fencing, and assorted farm buildings. Much of it is
still there except for the house which burned down in
1947. Of this, only the red brick chimney remains.
Legend has it that he built the house for his bride,
Dr. Glenn's daughter. However, while the young
Frenches were traveling north to Oregon after the
wedding, Dr. Glenn was shot and killed by his book-
keeper. His daughter returned home, and a few
months later gave birth to a very blond son who
looked not remotely like the black-haired, dark-eyed
French. San Francisco and Portland papers agreed
on this. Ella never went to Oregon, and ultimately
divorced French.
The " P " Ranch was but one of Pete's many sta-
tions. He also built the Sod House Ranch, one of the
best preserved, which like the " P " is now within the
Malheur Refuge boundaries. Fences, corrals, and 12
of the original structures are maintained. It was
here, that Pete French was killed by Ed Oliver on
December 26,1897. He was 48-years old.
The refuge map shows the road to another of
Pete's unusual buildings, the Round Barn, which
was part of his Barton Lake substation, It is the sole
survivor of three round barns built for breaking hor-
ses during the winter months. The barn is 100 feet in
diameter, and directly inside is a 60-foot, circular,
lava corral. Inside this, 12 juniper posts support the
35-foot-high ceiling. The roof slopes to eight feet on
the sides. It is possible to imagine breaking horses in
the circular corral. However, it is difficult to see how
the stockmen avoided the juniper posts.
Naturally there are ghost towns, and one, of map for Desert drawn by Merle Graffam
HARNEYCOUNTY
course, is called Blitzen. In the late 1880s a handful
of enterprising souls founded a settlement in the
Catlow Valley to meet the demand for supplies in this school, the saloon, and most of the houses.
nearly endless desert. Blitzen is marked on Harney As the saying goes in Harney County, "you're a
County hunting maps. The town had one really fine long way out and a long way up." On the next trip I
house, now decrepit but still vertical, a dozen shacks, hope to see everything again plus the Malheur Cave,
today mostly listing, two general stores, and one the Andrews Saloon, the Diamond Hotel, and the
optimist who built his post office with 72 boxes. ghost town of Drewsey. And there'll still be a whole
Hurry, because the wind has already blown down the lot left over.
18 Desert/May 1980
LIVING DESERT RESERVE
The arts and natural sciences tensely colored works. It was not now housed in two handsome cir-
share the spotlight at the Living until she and her family moved to cular welded wire enclosures in the
Desert Reserve during April. There Pinyon Crest, California, in 1972 aviary/oasis area. The two cages,
is an outstanding watercolor show that she turned to watercolors, a and a third which will be built when
in McCallum Hall, while newly more appropriate media for her a sponsor is found, provide a close-
completed cactus and bird of prey new vision. up view of a number of different
exhibits at the north end of the Re- Debonne watercolors have been owls, hawks, and vultures.
serve should delight plant and ani- shown at the Palm Springs Desert Rehabilitation and release is the
mal lovers. Museum, the Riverside Art Center goal for every bird brought to us.
CACTUS GARDEN RESTORED and Museum, the Riverside Li- When this is not possible because
July 1979 flood waters devastat- brary, and at galleries in Rancho the animals are too tame or dis-
ed the Reserve's Opuntia Garden, Mirage, Idyllwild, and Palm De- abled to survive in the wild, they
a 500-square-foot area devoted to a sert. Her paintings are in collec- can serve as valuable breeding,
species of cactus common to our tions in Paris, New York, Mexico educational, and conservation aids.
southwestern deserts. Now restor- City, San Francisco, Dayton, Los Some of the raptores to be shown
ed, the garden gives visitors an op- Angeles and Vancouver. Those in the bird of prey exhibits are un-
portunity to compare nine varieties that will be exhibited at the Living common, such as the prairie falcon.
of the opuntia genus. Desert Reserve represent the art- This bird is magnificent despite a
Familiarly known by names like ist's favorite watercolors. gunshot-amputated wing. Other
teddy bear cholla, bunny ears, more common birds like redtailed
buckhorn cholla, beavertail, and and red-shouldered hawks, kes-
pancake pear, opuntias are dis- trels, barn owls, and great-horned
tinguished from other cacti by the owls are housed together for pur-
presence of tiny hair-like fibers, or poses of comparison. Also useful in
glochids, in the aureole from which the Reserve's education programs
the spines protrude. Sometimes, as are a long-eared and short-eared
in the beavertail, there are only owl, each of which have lost a wing
glochids, which can be as painful to a man with a gun.
embedded in human skin as the In the spring, the Reserve is de-
spines themselves. Cacti with luged with young birds brought in
spines only include the barrel, sa- by a concerned public. Injured
guaro, fishhook, and pincushion birds, from hummingbirds to gold-
varieties. en eagles, are delivered to animal
WATERCOLOR SHOW curator Fred LaRue all year long.
Even the most familiar subjects Most are kept in the medical ward
can take on exciting dimensions where they may be viewed through
when interpreted by a gifted artist. protective fencing. Eye-to-eye con-
Jeannette Debonne, whose water- tact between these animals and the
colors will be on exhibit in McCal- public is kept to a minimum be-
lum throughout April, is such an cause the rehabilitation process is
interpreter of desert landscapes. retarded when the birds become
These are not majestic vistas, al- habituated to people.
though the desert lends itself to When the third and most spa-
sweeping canvasses. She sees, in- cious bird of prey enclosure is
stead, "the exquisite linear quality built, it will be used to exercise
of skeletal plants and weeds, subt- fledgling barn owls and other rap-
elty of color, and extraordinary tores that have been hand raised. It
light" which translates into close- will also house the largest of the
up views of quiet, special places. birds in the Reserve's care. A 16' X
One agave, a weed in the noonday 20' oval, it is planned for the area
sand, barren rocks, and desert behind the oasis.
Watercolor by jeannette Debonne
snow are the subjects of her paint- The Living Desert Reserve, lo-
ings. Mrs. Debonne, a native of the cated at 47900 S. Portola Ave.,
Coachella Valley, earned a degree BIRDS OF PREY ON VIEW Plam Desert, Calif., is open seven
in art from UCLA in 1959. For the The Living Desert Reserve is days a week from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
next 12 years she worked in oil and, permanent home to some 30 injur- Admission is $1.50 for adults, $.25
influenced by the Tamayo murals ed and orphaned birds, including for persons under 18 accompanied
in Mexico City, produced large, in- many large birds of prey which are by an adult.
Desert/ May 1980 19
KITT'S
PEAK:
Our Link
with
by Jenny Gray
Photos courtesy Kitt Peak National Observatory
20 Desert/May 1980
peer at the sun, 81/2-light-minutesaway, but the
"far-sighted" Mayall stellar telescope can explore
the farthest reaches of our known universe, billions
of light-years away. Not long ago, Kitt Peak
scientists focused the Mayall's huge 158-inch
reflecting mirror on the mystery star Beteiquese and
obtained the first detailed photographs ever. The
news made headlines around the world.
The Observatory was built in the late 1950s by the
Association of Universities for Research (AURA)
under contract to the National Science Foundation. It
occupies a mountain-top site held sacred for
generations as the home of the Papago deity,
EE-E-Toy. In 1958, after a search team chose the
location because of its ideal weather and stable air,
the Papagos at first refused permission for use of the
land. The frustrated scientists finally invited the
tribal leaders to inspect the small Steward
Observatory on the University of Arizona campus in
nearby Tucson. A glimpse of the moon, magnified
many times through the Steward telescope,
convinced the Indians, and a lease was granted.
Though Kitt Peak attracts 100,000 daytime visitors
a year, the real work is done at night. By sundown,
after the visitors have departed, the day-sleeping
scientists and technicians are eating "breakfast"
and thinking of tasks ahead. They must explore the
temperature of heavenly bodies, their direction and Opposite, top: MayaH's
158-inch [4-meter] tele-
velocity, their mass, age, distance, and the scope was the first to re-
composition of their atmospheres and interiors. On cord the mystery star Be-
such knowledge depends our understanding of our teiquese. Opposite, bot-
tom: Heliostat on top of
place in the solar system and the universe. McMath Solar Telescope
As daylight fades, the revolving domes rumble zaps the moon with laser
beams. Top: Photo shows
into position and the giant eyelids open to search the only half of the 500-foot
darkened sky. No one worries, like Chicken Little, shaft of the McMath.
that the sky might fall. But if it ever does, the Center: The Mayall is op-
erated from this console.
vigilant scientists at Kitt Peak will be the first to Left: Kitt's Peak does not
know and spread the alarm. lack for telescopes.
Desert/May 1980 21
WE RE JEST THE ONES
THAT CAN FINP IT.'
-jpJAlSHIVERS. J
ULDER CITY:
That Dam Ibwn ary E. Squi&r
wmmm
B oulder City, Nevada, is a
town that has a dam past, a
dam present, and a dam fu-
ture. Some say it's the town
that built the dam; others in-
sist that the dam built the town.
They're both wrong. The dam and
the city were built the same way e-
verything big and strong and last-
ing gets built — by hard working
men and women.
To build the dam, and for many
years it was The Dam like the
Pyramid of the Sun was The Pyra-
mid, took the best minds and the
strongest muscles. It also took
great vision, imagination, dedica-
tion, and desperation, because
both the dam and the city were
built during very desperate times,
1931-36. Ten million people were
looking for work, looking for hope.
The dam had to built, otherwise
you could kiss the Imperial Valley
of Southern California goodbye be-
cause in the winter of 1904-05 the
Colorado River went nuts and for
16 months created havoc there,
flooding thousands of acres of rich
farmland, ripping up highways,
threatening lives, and creating the
Salton Sea. It took 26 years of plan-
ning, testing, and politicking be-
fore the first pick struck granite on
the Colorado River's Black Canyon
walls, and only the federal govern-
ment could underwrite such an im-
mense project.
For the dam is monstrous. You
can read about it and see pictures
of it, but the scope of it is only truly
felt when you stand on it, ride the
elevator to its bottom, walk down
its damp, echoing tunnels to tur-
bine rooms the size of hangars,
smell the power, feel its grace.
The back-bending toil of long
hours in unbearable heat and con-
stant danger necessary to create
this Eighth Wonder of the World
was borne by thousands of men
who came to Boulder and found
work, found a home, found hope.
Desert/May 1980
And they all lived in Boulder
City, the government town, the
working stiff's town, and one of the
first planned towns in the U.S. The
major architect for the city was
S.R. De Boer who admired the
work of Pierre L'Enfant, the de-
signer of Washington, D.C. So De
Boer laid Boulder City out in a
rough diamond shape for 3,000
people. The Bureau of Reclamation
and other government buildings
were built of stone high on a hill at
the top of the diamond. The chief
engineers and administrators of
the contractors, the Six Company,
lived on stone-walled Denver and
Mt. View streets while the workers
lived down the hill in flimsy three-
room wooden houses propped up
on stilts to keep most of the desert
critters out of their homes.
The significant difference be-
tween De Boer's town and L'En-
fant's city is that in Boulder City
everybody worked. They couldn't
buy a drink, gamble, curse or spit,
but they could work. First they
built the town and paved the high-
way to the dam site, then they built
the dam. 99 men lost their lives
during the five years of construc-
tion and contrary to rumor none are
buried in the walls of the dam.
Only the dam's mascot, " N i g , " is
buried near the dedication monu-
ment. The dam grew and the city
spread out according to plan. Hun-
dreds of problems had to be solved,
among them: how to cool five mil-
lion barrels of cement so that it
would harden before the 21st cen-
tury. The town had problems too.
Hundreds who came for work but
found none pitched tents outside of
town, built shacks of tin cans, and
were treated like outsiders until
they could get work and move into
the town when their time came. At
its largest, Boulder City had over
10,000 people living inside the
reservation connected to the dam.
Desert/May 1980
B ut by the time Franklin Roos-
evelt said at the dam's dedi-
cation that "this is an engin-
eering victory of the first or-
der—another great achieve-
ment of American resourcefulness,
skill, and determination. This is
why I congratulate you who have
created Boulder Dam and on behalf
of the nation say to you, 'Well
done'," the town's population had
already begun to shrink and went
steadily down until World War II,
rejuvenating mining and chemical
plants in nearby Henderson, big
time gambling in Las Vegas, and
the construction of large military
camps nearby.
Because Boulder City was still a
government reservation, you could
not buy land or a drink, but it was a
pretty little town with tree-lined
streets and parks and just about
the perfect place to raise a family
after the war. And the town had a
purpose: the dam. It kept them
humming, kept them working.
When Congress renamed Boul-
der Dam to Hoover Dam in 1947,
the people of Boulder City had a
The past is very present in Boulder City. chance to change their name, too.
Parks and churches were part of the first But they rejected the idea because
"planned" city in the U.S., as were wide
city streets, city hall, and spittoons.
the association of Hoover's name
IF YDU MUST
US£CUSPIDD/t with Hoovervilles (shanty towns),
Hoover hogs (jackrabbits), and
Hoover blankets (newspapers) was
still too strong. They were proud of
their city and their dam, and their
quest for independence stirred
strongly throughout the 1950s. On
January 4, 1960, the home rule
they desired was granted. The
Bureau of Reclamation turned over
33 square miles of houses, streets,
sidewalks, parks and parkways,
municipal water, electric, and
sewer systems, equipment, and
buildings with an estimated value
of $10 million to the newly incor-
porated city. Boulder City became
Desert /May 1980
like any other town in Nevada ex-
cept you still couldn't buy a drink
(you could by 1969), the edict a-
gainst gambling was strictly en-
forced, and they had the dam.
By the 1970s the townspeople
had built just about one of every-
thing: a hospital, golf course,
schools, a dozen churches, an
airport, bank, library, cemetery, a
senior citizens center, and a movie
theater. They also had a doctor,
dentist, shop owners, and a news-
paper whose publisher, Morry
Zennoff, won the Peter Zenger A-
ward in 1974. There was strong
community spirit. If the people
wanted a baseball diamond or a
bike path, they didn't go to city hall
and ask them to do it. The people
pitched in and did it themselves.
But as many small towns ex-
perience, Boulder City also had a
dilemma: should the town capital-
ize on its tourist attraction (over a
million people visit the dam each
year) and encourage industry, de-
velopment and growth or should
it stay essentially a clean little town
town with definite boundaries? The Top: Tom Bargiel and his family live in
residents were divided. Strong Boulder City, but he, like many other
feelings were expressed by both residents, works in Las Vegas. Center:
sides and the lines were bitterly The town was a thriving railroad center
drawn. On July 3, 1979, after heat- during construction of the dam. Below:
Bill Harbour, editor of Boulder City News,
ed meetings attended by hundreds and Teddy Fenton, unofficial town
of citizens, they voted in a control- historian, sit in front of Teddy's
led growth ordinance patterned three-room house on "D" St., that was
after the one in Petaluma, Califor- built in 1931. The house has grown in 49
nia. No more building permits years to 23 rooms and 7 baths.
would be issued.
Today there's a movement to
have some of the original buildings
of the downtown area declared his-
torial sites, and the town is a bit
more peaceful although some
people still don't talk to each other.
But the people are friendly to visi-
tors. They open their houses and
their hearts to those who show an
interest in its dam history, and the
Desert/May 1980 27
memories of its past are kept alive
by the "31ers" who get together
each year and by people like Teddy
Fenton who has the town's most
complete scrapbook. She came to
Boulder City in 1936 and has been
collecting memorabilia ever since.
oulder City continues to be a
BY Gene R. Russell
. . . IT'S HERE!
1 *+
. . . IT ENDS.
fell. I had but two thoughts: 1) get the hell out of here
and 2) keep the camera and its precious film dry.
Neither was easy. I scrambled out I ike a three-legged
dog, somehow holding the tripod clear. Fortunately,
I was able to move the car to safety before a surge
could carry car, camera, and one rather soggy photo-
grapher all downstream at once. Fortunately too, no
one else was there to witness the rather battered and
sheepish (but happy) photographer who slipped
quietly out of Palm Canyon Campground and home
to shower, bandage his bleeding legs, and send off
one exposed roll of film for processing.
In its upper reaches, Palm Creek normally flows at
about two or three cubic-feet per second, creating
sparkling waterfalls among the fan palms and bould-
ers before slipping quietly underground and flowing
east towards the Borrego Sink. What I had just es-
caped came charging out of the canyon at a thousand
times that—3,000 cubic-feet per second as measured
by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey!
Downstream, a rock retaining wall recently i ••
r . •• - . • ;
De Anza Country Club. Palm Creek ran deep and " ' • , • ' " ' • •
• , ' .' . , ; '
Story-ana'Photos by BuddyNoonan
"There's an old ghost town up there," Bridgeport
Historical Society president Art Webb said, pointing
to Patterson Peak high up in California's Sierra Ne-
vada range. "It took me years to locate but once I
did, I couldn't find any solid information on it. It's a
place called Boulder Flat, and to my knowledge its
history remains a mystery to this day."
Needless to say, we left Bridgeport in Art's four-
wheel drive truck the following week. As a note of
precaution, this trip should not be attempted by any
vehicle other than four-wheel drive, nor probably by
individuals with cardiac problems. Also, be sure to
gas up and take along plenty of film, water, ice, food,
and emergency supplies. And too, a CB radio could
be essential in the event of a breakdown. Let some-
one know where you're going and when you expect to
return. The sheriff's office in Bridgeport will assist
you. Finally, the trip can be completed only in sum-
mer months after heavy Sierra snows have thawed.
Driving north on C-182 (or Sweetwater Canyon
Road as it's known locally) from Bridgeport for 19
miles brought us to the Sweetwater Ranch in Neva-
da. Turning left here for 1.2 miles led to a junction.
Keep to the left for 1.0 miles to the cattle gate. After
entering and re-closing it as the sign requests, con-
tinue 2.7 miles to another fork. The road to the right
will take you to Star City, 1.4 miles distant, but don't
plan to stock up on any provisions there because Star
City, like all of the other places you'll encounter, is
no more than a deserted ghost camp. Now back in
California you start up the steep incline, rea'izing M
why four-wheel drive is mandatory. Sharp cliffs tcr -
the right and sheer drops to the left border the
narrow but fortunately, seldom traveled road.
Finally, and perhaps to your reliefs the road will open
onto a level butte. This is the site of Star City, A
booming gold town of the 1880s.
The heartbeat of Star City was the Thorobrace
Mine, first worked in 1884. However, complications
encountered when the miners struck water possibly
spelled her doom. Al! that the state mineralogist
(circa 1890) notes in his report is: "At present work
on this claim is suspended. This lode is reported to
be a strong one, but its width not ascertained." Was
the main lode ever exhausted or does it still remain
for someone fortunate enough to find it? Whatever,
there isn't much left above ground today, just over-
grown roads checkerboarding what once was a thriv-
ing town. Wild "Mormon Tea" abound everywhere,
crowding the few remaining rock foundations. In
contrast, a jet stream trails in the skies overhead.
Continuing up the main road for 0.3 miles brings
you to another fork. Keep to the right for the final lap
to Boulder Flat. Now the road becomes even more
narrow and your climb is complicated by shale and
rock. Occasional dropouts on the shoulder challenge
your judgement. And, as you look down 1,500 feet
below, you realize you've passed the point of no re-
turn. Then, 1.8 miles later, just about when you've
had enough of this, the road widens at 9,000 feet, re-
vealing an oasis. There, framed by lush pines, are
Desert/May 1980
the historic buildings of Boulder Flat.
All history records is that gold was mined here in
the 1800s. The details of who discovered it and any
record of the boom that followed have all been lost
down through the years. It's not even known for sure
that the town's name was Boulder Flat. Historians,
not the residents, named it that for the rocky
meadow in which it is located.
But there they stand, several sturdy structures, an
epitaph to another era. Closer inspection doesn't re-
veal many clues. The largest building was obviously
a "chop house" (cafe) and hotel. Inside are the re-
mains of a huge old stove. Nearby, time eroded and
twisted stairs lead to an upper floor which has long
since collapsed. Outside, many more buildings lie
fallen in on their foundations, victims of heavy Sierra
blizzards and vandals. In contrast, a forest of the ol-
dest living things on earth, bristlecone pines (Pinus
tarriannis, many 4,600 years old), shade the fallen
structures. Then nearby, deer hunters have added a
more contemporary shack onto one of the town's
older homes. A mile further up "Main Street" re-
veals a miner's cabin next to the road. Built here
probably because his claim was nearby or because he
wished to reside "out of town," the shack was con-
structed from the gnarled and ancient bristlecones.
Now, as day ended, fingers of lengthening
shadows criss-crossed the town's center, seeming to
deepen its mystery. Occasional flurries of evening
winds rustled leaves on trees overhead. There was
no life except for a few chipmunks who scolded us
from their hiding places under the boardwalks. In
your imagination you try to people a place like this.
What was it like a century ago? Was the main gold
strike a big one or just a flash in some promoter's
pan? Did anyone take the time to photograph Bould-
er Flat while it lived or did man's greed preclude
bothering with such trivial things? Then, as your
imagination reaches out even further, you realize
that it has nowhere to go. Those who settled Boulder
Flat left too few clues, only the warped shells of
buildings they once called home.
As Art manuevered his truck down the steep hair-
pin turns of the old gold road, the ghost town high a-
bove disappeared from view. It had been an
extremely rewarding trip but I knew I would never go
back. Most travel films end with the narrator saying
how much he wants to return one day. It wasn't like
that for me and Boulder Flat. Yes, the ghost town
was striking and the scenery magnificent. But the
journey over hazardous roads to get there? Thrilling.
A little too thrilling.
Much is known about most ghost towns even when
they've been obliterated down to the last square nail.
Boulder Flat isn't like that at all. The core of it still
remains standing, but very little is known. Maybe
someday, someone will stumble onto an old scrap-
book, document or relic which could shed some light.
Then, perhaps, we could fill in a lost episode of our
rich western history. Until that time she'll remain a
mystery...the mystery of Boulder Flat.
Desert/May 1980 37
~Z)SH*L ROCKHOUND
Collecting Sites Update: The fa- by James R. Mitchell ranee, California. It will feature the
mous Apache tear caves west of giant, award-winning, 260-pound
Superior, Arizona, no longer allow rock shops. It is exciting to split crystal-filled geode cut and polish-
collecting inside the caverns, due cracks in the walls of the quarry, ed by Ron Wood.
to the danger of being hit by falling often opening cavities filled with Unpatented Mining Claimholders:
debris. Collectors are, however, perfectly formed barite crystals, All unpatented mining claims on
allowed to search through the some measuring up to an inch public land must be recorded with
freshly graded areas surrounding across. Be sure to check on the ow- the BLM. If such recording is not
the caves. This method is not as nership status of any quarry you done within 90 days of the date of
exciting as being able to pluck the want to explore. Many of them are location, the claim may be invalid-
tears from their place in the walls, abandoned, but some are still pri- ated. For more information contact
but it is far more productive. It is vately owned. the BLM office nearest you.
easy to collect a full gallon of top Fluorescent Mineral Enthusiasts: Final Thought: In recent months
quality Apache tears in about 30 Recently I have become fascinated there has been a recorded reduc-
minutes. The fee is only $1 per with fluorescent minerals and en- tion in the number of people visit-
person, per gallon, and the sizes joy being able to hunt rocks, not ing the desert. This, I am sure, is
range from very small to over three only in the day but now, also, at largely due to the skyrocketing
inches in diameter. night. This adds a completely new costs of gasoline and other sup-
Outstanding barite specimens dimension to my trips. If you too plies. City dwellers are traveling
can be found in a little known area share this interest, you might be less frequently but, that may not be
just east of Rincon, New Mexico. interested to know that there is a bad. I, for one, now plan my es-
They are found on the walls of Fluorescent Mineral Society based capes to the isolated beauty of the
many of the abandoned quarries in in Pasadena, Calif., with members desert more carefully, and look
the area. I have been able to collect from around the world. The society forward to them with more enthu-
crystals of a quality that is as good puts out a bi-monthly newsletter siasm, anticipation, and apprecia-
or better than any found for sale in which is very informative. Annual tion than ever before.
membership fees are $7.50 for U.S.
and Canada, and $9.50 for overseas
members. For more information, Monthly Photo Contest Rules
write Paul Morris, Executive Sec-
MUSEUM retary, 713 Kentucky St. #2, Val- Each month Desert magazine
OF THE lejo, CA94590. awards $25 for the best black and
HORSE, INC. Faceting Classes: I was recently white photograph submitted. Sub-
advised that Mr. Earl Montgom- jects must be desert-related. We
ery, inventor of the American want to give each winning photo-
Facetor, will be moderating classes graph enough room so our winner
in beginning, intermediate, and for May is on page 57. Oh yes, to
advanced faceting. These pro- all Hasselblad owners we apologize
grams begin in May, 1980. For for the misspelling. Nobody's per-
more information contact Anthony fekt.
Geonnotti, Jr., ARG Sales Co.,
1550 Bridgewater Road, Cornwells HERE ARE THE RULES
Hts., PA 19020.
Museums: The Fort Worth Mu- 1. Prints must be B&W, 8X10,
seum of Science and History has glossy.
just added an amazing display to 2. Contest is open to amateur and
Six exhibit halls dedicated to the its Rocks and Fossils exhibition. It professional. Desert requires
horse. From early Greek to is a rotating Rand McNally geo- first publication rights.
modern times. physical relief globe, the largest 3. Each photograph must be label-
Original Remingtons, Russell ever made. It is a spectacular exhi- led (time, place, shutter speed,
bronze, one of four Kachina bit and fascinating to inspect. If film, and camera).
chess sets in the world, western you are in the area, I recommend 4. Judges are from Desert's staff.
treasures valued at $1,000,000. you take the time to see this colos- 5. Prints will be returned if self-
Fine Indian crafts for sale in gift sal globe, as well as the rest of the addressed stamped envelope is
shop. Just 60 miles south of fine displays. enclosed.
Tucson on S-83 in historic Shows: The South Bay Lapidary
Patagonia, Arizona. and Mineral Society will hold their Address all entries to Photo Editor,
Open daily 9 to 5. 31st annual "Nature's Treasures" Desert Magazine, P.O. Box 1318,
Your host: Anne Stradling. show on April 19 and 20 at the Palm Desert, CA 92261.
Torrance Recreation Center in Tor-
38 Desert/May 1980
Vol.1, No. 4
May, 1980 •*• CLARION*- 'The nosiest newspaper
in the West."
derground diggings.
But the big news in the Tombstone Des-
trict for 1980 is the announcement of the
completion of negotiations by Houston Mi-
ning and Resources, a growing mining firm
of already considerable stature, to lease a
major block of mining claims in the Dis-
trict, patented and unpatented, from two
owners. Houston acquired mining rights to
the Nicholas Patented and the Gambasi-
no's Dream unpatented mining claims
from Coloradoan Ken Hodgson. From
Piedras del Sol Mining Co., a firm wholly
owned by Tombstoner Wayne Winters, the
Houston-based mining group leased min-
ing rights to four patented and eight un-
patented properties.
Houston Mining and Resources geolo-
gists completed a preliminary survey on
the Hodgson properties and two of Piedras
del Sol's patented mines (both early-day
producers) in November and have, on the
basis of their investigations, decided to in-
itiate a drilling program that calls for ta-
king of core samples from seven diamond
drill holes totaling 2,305 feet on the Piedras
del Sol claims and six diamond holes total-
ing 1,817 feet on Hodgson's Nicholas pro-
perty. The Nicholas as described in an
early issue of the Tombstone Prospector as
having produced from one small area on
the 110-foot level, 50 tons of ore assaying
4,032 ounces of silver to the ton in Febru-
ary of 1889. The article described it as
"The richest ore ever produced in the
Tombstone District."
At current silver prices that 50 tons of
ore would return about $8,064,000.
WESTERN PROSPECTOR & MINER
Desert/May 1980
INDIAN MUSIC AND CHANTS
RESEARCHED AND TAPED
WASHINGTON—At first there
was only a scratching sound.
Then, filling a recording studio
as it must have filled an Indian
Wmjm
.
scorching summer sun hovers brilliantly over a
Desert/May 1980 49
Send orders to
Box 1318
Palm Desert, California 92261 OUR BEST
ROADMAP TO CALIFORNIA'S LOST MINES THE GOLD MINES OF CALIFORNIA, Two
AND BURIED TREASURES compiled by Varna Guidebooks. Fayette Robinson's guidebook, ori-
TREASURES Enterprises, 38 inch by 25 inch and scaled.
Southern California on one side and Northern
ginally written in 1849, is reproduced in this
book. Typical of the many books rushed to press
California on the other. Detailed location of to sell to the forty-niners, with its sensational
HOW AND WHERE TO PAN GOLD by Wayne place names, many of which are not on regular reports of gold discoveries. Franklin Street's
Winters. Gold placers, how to pan, the "wet" maps. $4.00. 1850 guidebook, the second guidebook repro-
process, amalgamation, the "hows" of claim duced here, more objectively describes each
staking, metal detectors, camping tips for pros- SUCCESSFUL COIN HUNTING by Charles L. stream and mining camp in the gold country,
pectors and miners, and location maps. Paper- Garrett. A complete guide on where to search, without the "flamboyant optimism" typical of
back, 72 pages, $3.00. metal detector selection and use, digging tools 1849 guides. Hardcover, 225 pages, $10.00.
and accessories, how to dig and the care and
BURIED TREASURE AND LOST MINES by handling of coins. Newly revised, paperback, THE ANZA-BORREGO DESERT REGION, A
Frank Fish. One of the original treasure hunters 231 pages, $5.95. Guide to the State Park and the Adjacent Areas,
provides data on 93 lost bonanzas, many of by Lowell and Diana Lindsay. A comprehensive
which he personally searched for. He died under GOLD DIGGERS ATLAS by Robert Neil John- photo and text treatment of the world's largest
mysterious circumstances in 1968 after leading son. Maps showing actual location where gold desert state park and its environs told by well-
an adventurous life. 111 us. with photos and maps. has been found. Covers the western U.S. with experienced professionals. Tours and hikes are
Paperback, 68 pages, $2.00. detailed area maps showing interstate freeways, laid out in mileage increments. Much history of
U.S. Highways, paved and unpaved roads, region included. PB, with many maps and
GOLD FEVER by Helen E. Wilson. History of Paperback, 64 pages, $3.00. photos, 165 pages, $5.95.
the gold mining days in Jarbidge, Nevada,
through the lives of persons then living. TREASURE HUNTER'S MANUAL #7 by Karl
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back, 129 pages, $5.00. guide to America's fastest-growing hobby, LODE by James Klein. Author is partner in
written by an old master of treasure hunting. K&M Mining Explorations Co., which is now
Research techniques, detector operation, legal- developoing three gold mining claims. Includes
THE WEEKEND TREASURE HUNTER by history of gold rush, geology of Mother Lode,
A.H. Ryan, Ph.D. All about other forms of ities, and gold dredging. Paperback, 299 pages,
$6.95. where and how to find gold. Also information on
treasure—such as sunken treasure, hunting equipment and how to stake a claim. Paperback,
gemstones, and also beachcombing, prospecting LET'S GO PROSPECTING by Edward Arthur. 121 pages, $4.95.
for gold, and a homemade metal detector. Pa- Learn about minerals and their characteristics,
perback, 86 pages, $1.95 prospecting, descriptions of industrial minerals
of California, metallic ores, as well as see
APACHE GOLD AND YAQUI SILVER by J. mineral maps of California. Paperback, 80
Frank Dobie. Stores of fortune hunters by Dobie pages, $6.50.
(1888-1964), a "Maverick academician, natural
historian, folklorist, and above all, a story- LOST MINES AND BURIED TREASURES OF
DESERT
teller," Wrote 18 books about the Southwest; THE WEST, Bibliography and Place Names
from Kansas West to California, Oregon, Wash- ANZA-BORREGO DESERT GUIDE BOOK,
this one "A history of what men have believed in ington and Mexico by Thomas Probert. This
- not creeds, but luck, fortune through chance, large, easy-to-use volume lists the works of more Southern California's Last Frontier by Horace
the fulfillment of hope." Paperback, 366 pages, than 1100 different authors, covering thousands Parker, revised by George and Jean Leetch. A
$4.95. of stories of lost mines and buried treasures. An classic reference to America's largest desert
important basic research tool for historians, part, originally published in 1957 and now up-
GOLD RUSHES AND MINING CAMPS OF THE geologists, geographers, anthropologists and dated, enlarged, and improved by the "dean of
EARLY AMERICAN WEST by Vardis Fisher archaeologists. Hardcover, 593 pages, $27.50. desert rangers" and his wife. With excellent
and Opal Laurel Holmes. 300 pictures and 466 logs, maps, and photographs brought up to 1979
pages, divided into "The Gold Rushes", "Life LOST LEGENDS OF THE SILVER STATE by
in the Camps", "Crime and Justice", and Gerald B. Higgs. Interesting reading on 16 standards. Paperback, 154 pages, two maps,
"Special Characters and Situations". Based legends about the golden age of Nevada. Illus- many photos, $6.95.
"as far as possible, on primary sources", to give trated with rare old photos. Hardcover, 147
the general reader a broad picture of the pages, $7.95. THE ANZA-BORREGO DESERT REGION* A
American West. Hardcover, $22.95. Guide to the State Park and the Adjacent Areas,
TALES OF THE SUPERSTITIONS* The Origins by Lowell and Diana Lindsay. A comprehensive
ELECTRONIC PROSPECTING WITH THE of The Lost Dutchman Legend by Robert Blair. photo and text treatment of the world's largest
VLF/TR METAL/MINERAL DETECTOR by An intriguing account of the fabulous Lost desert state park and its environs told by well
Dutchman. The author turns up new clues and experienced professionals. Tours and hikes are
Charles Garrett, Bob Grant and Roy Lagal. A laid out in mileage increments. Much history of
handy reference for anyone using late-model signatures which will prove to be both a setback this region is included. Paperback, with many
metal detectors, written by experts. Contains and a stimulus to the search for the legendary maps and photos, 165 pages, $5.95.
many hints on how to find gold and other mine. Paperback, 175 pages, $4.95.
treasure ores and artifacts with a good bibliog- BACK ROADS OF CALIFORNIA by Earl
raphy and appendix. Paperback, 86 pages, CALIFORNIA GOLD CAMPS, A Geographical Tholander and the Editors of Sunset Books.
numerous illustrations, $4.95. and Historical Dictionary of Camps, Towns and Early stagecoach routes, missions, remote
Localities Where Gold was Found and Mined, canyons, old prospector cabins, mines, ceme-
HIGH MOUNTAINS AND DEEP VALLEYS by and Wayside Stations and Trading Centers, by teries, etc., are visited as the author travels and
Lew and Ginny Clark, with photographs by Erwin G. Gudde. Seven excellent maps, in sketches the California Backroads. Through
Edwin C. Rockwell. A history and general guide addition to a list of places by county, a glossary maps and notes, the traveler is invited to get off
book to the vast lands east of the High Sierra and bibliography. Highly recommended. Hard- the freeways and see the rural and country lanes
south of the Comstock Lode, north of the Mojave cover, 467 pages, $22.50. throughout the state. Paperback, large format,
Desert and west of Death Valley, by oldtimers unusually beautiful illustrations, 207 pages,
who know the area. Paperback, 192 pages, 250 GOLD RUSH COUNTRY by the Editors of $6.95.
photographs and many maps $6.95. Sunset Books. A revised and updated practical
guide to California's Mother Lode country. BACKPACKING GUIDE TO SAN DIEGO
THE WEEKEND GOLD MINER by A.H. Ryan, Divided into geographical areas for easy COUNTY by Skip Ruland. An informative,
Ph.D. Chapters on where to look for gold, weekend trips, the 8 inch by 11 inch heavy no-nonsense primer to day hiking and extended
mining in the desert, maps, ghost towns and lost paperback new edition is illustrated with photos several-day trips into the Southern California
mines, and what to do if you strike it rich. and maps. Special features and anecdotes of mountain and desert back country, covering
Paperback, 63 pages, $1.95. historical and present-day activities. Paperback, more territory than the title suggests. Also this
96 pages, $2.95. little book contains emergency information
useful wherever you hike or travel in the back
GOLD LOCATIONS OF THE U.S. by Jack Black. country. Paperback, 80 pages, several maps and
Includes Alaska with streams, lodes and placers; GOLDROCK FACTS & FOLKTALES by Iva O. sketches, $2.95.
production figures, type of gold, locations "for Geisinger. Goldrock, a rich mining area during
the serious amateur who hopes to find enough ARIZONA by David Muench. The finest pictorial
gold to make a living." PB 174 pages $6.95. the late 1800s located in the California desert
near Yuma, was once home for 2,500 people and presentation of the Grand Canyon State ever
published. One of the outstanding color
WHERE TO FIND GOLD IN THE DESERT by a source of millions of dollars worth of gold ore. photographers of the world, Muench has
James Klein. Where to find gold in the Ros- Goldrock's history is detailed here, including the selected 160 of his 4-color photographs which
amond-Mohave area, the El Paso Mountains, fact that General George S. Patton and his 2nd are augmented by the comprehensive text of
Randsburg and Barstow areas, and many more. Armored Division trained for combat in this David Toll. Hardcover, 11 inch by 14 inch
Paperback, 112 pages $4.95. region. PB, 65 pages, $2.25. format, 200 heavy slick pages, $27.50.
50 Desert/Mav 1980
SELLE Please add $1.00 per order
for Postage/Handling
Calif, add 6% state sales tax
THE BLACK ROCK DESERT by Sessions S. COLORADO RIVER GHOST TOWNS by Stanley
Wheeler. One of Nevada's least-known and most W. Paher. The skeletal remains of abandoned
scenic historical desert areas is described by the
state's leading professional historian and
GHOST TOWNS mines and towns in the Cerbat mountains and
author. Black Rock is part of the huge Great other barren ranges in western Arizona along
Desert Basin and was the setting for Indian the Colorado River are visited by the author.
battles and several tragic incidents during the CALIFORNIA GHOST TOWN TRAILS by Mick- Two editions are available: the standard edition
1849 California Gold Rush. Paperback, 186 ey Broman. Thirty-six photographs showing is a large format, paperback, lavishly illustrated
pages, many black and white photographs, some of the old towns as they appear today, not with rare old photos, $2.95; the second edition
sketches and maps, $4.95. as they did 50 or 100 years ago. Thirty-six maps available is identical with the exception of an in-
with detail mileage to the ghost towns, shown to sert of 15 beautiful four-color reproductions of
THE OREGON DESERT by E.R. Jackman and the tenth of a mile. Interesting and historical etchings by noted artist Roy Purcell, and is hard-
R.A. Long. Filled with both facts and anecdotes, data for treasure hunters, rockhounds, bottle cover. This edition sells for $9.95. Please state
this is the only book on the little-known but collectors and western-lore enthusiasts. Paper- which edition when ordering.
fascinating deserts of Oregon. Hardcover,
illustrated, 407 pages, $9.95. back, $2.95.
WILDFLOWERS
100 ROADSIDE WILDFLOWERS by Natt Dodge
A companion book with the same format as 100
DESERT WILDFLOWERS* lists 100 flowers
found from 4,000 to 7,000-foot levels. 4-color
photos. Slick paperback, 64 pages, $2.50.
HANDY BOOK ORDER FORM
DESERT WILD FLOWERS by Edmund C. Name
Jaeger. One of the most complete works on flora
of the Southwestern deserts. Easily understood Address
and informative. 322 pages, well-illustrated,
$3.95.
City .State. Zip
CALIFORNIA DESERT WILDFLOWERS by
Phillip A. Munz. Line drawings, beautiful color I enclose $ [check, money order or charge].
photos, and descriptive text by one of the
desert's finest botanists. Paperback, $3.95.
100 DESERT WILDFLOWERS by Natt Dodge. MY CHARGE:
Each flower is illustrated with a 4-color photo
and described in detail, where found, blooming
period, etc. Habitats from sea level to 4,000 feet. Credit Card No. [_
Slick paperback, 64 pages, $2.50.
Expiration Date r Master charge |
COLORFUL DESERT WILDFLOWERS by Grace Month/Year «- Interbank No. '
and Onas Ward. Categories of red, blue, white
and yellow for easy identification. 190 4-color
photos of flowers from Mojaye, Colorado and Signature
western Arizona deserts, with common and (Charge not valid unless signed)
scientific names, descriptions. Heavy, slick
paperback, $5.95.
COOKERY
CHUCK WAGON COOKIN' by Stella Hughes.
Recipes collected straight from the source, cow-
boy cooks. Has Mexican recipes, instructions for
deep-pit barbecue and the art of cooking with
Dutch ovens; everything from sourdough
biscuits to Son-of-a-gun stew. Paperback, 170
pages, $4.95.
CALIFORNIA FIVE-IN-ONE COOKBOOK by Al
and Mildred Fischer. Recipes divided into Early
California (Indian, Mexican, Mission, Gold
Rush), California Fruits (Citrus, Dates, Avoca-
dos, etc.), Sea Foods and Wine Cooking. A total
of 400 unusual recipes, spiral-bound, 142 pages, California residents add 6% sales tax.
$3.00.
ARIZONA COOKBOOK by Al and Mildred 1.00
Fischer. This fascinating and unusual cookbook Postage/handling
features recipes for Indian cooking, Mexican
dishes, Western specialties, Arizona products
and outdoor cooking. Also sourdough and Indian TOTAL
fried bread recipes. Unique collection of
Western cooking. Paperback, spiral-bound, 142 Mail today to:
pages, $3.00.
CACTUS COOKBOOK compiled by Joyce L.
Tate. An excellent selection of recipes emphasi-
zing their edible or potable qualities. Also chap-
ter on Food Preservation. Paperback, 127 pages,
DESERT MAGAZINE BOOK SHOP
$2.00. P.O. Box 1318, Palm Desert, California 92261
CITRUS COOKBOOK by McGillis. An unusual
treasury of citrus cooking. Tips on freezing, • Check box if you wish this issue replaced. October 1979
juicing, and shipping. Paperback, spiral-bound,
$2.00.
Desert/May 1980 51
What's Cookin' on the Desert. by STELLA HUGHES
What are flapjacks? A simple answer Even though they turned out good, and picked out the ants, and proceeded to eat
would be, " a thin batter made of flour were wolfed down with gusto, my friends his biscuits with relish.
and fried in the form of little round, thin insisted on calling them "Crummy Pan- A friend told me about a time she and
cakes on a hot griddle and served with cakes." her parents were forced to spend the
butter and syrup." Over the years I've found a number of night along a lonely desert road. Their
On the face of it, that would seem to different recipes for bread-crumb pan- camp outfit was meager, as they had no
cover the subject. Well, it doesn't come cakes in old recipe books, but I include Dutch oven or even a skillet, but they did
within a country mile of telling even a the one I used on the fishing trip because have a short-handled shovel. The mother
fraction of the pancake story. Why, just it doesn't call for any flour at all. mixed up some biscuit dough and poured
consider a few of the regional names for Crummy Pancakes the thick batter on the shovel which had
the little flat cakes: hotcakes, pancakes, Crate or roll dry bread crumbs. Any kind been heating on hot coals. The cakes
flapjacks, griddle cakes, and flannel will do, but I prefer homemade bread. were allowed to brown on one side, then
cakes, not to mention the fancy name of Toasted bread, white or wholewheat, is turned to cook on the other. When
crepes. Then you'll find batter cakes, fine, but do not use baking powder bis- spread with jam, they were folded over
breakfast cakes, slappers, gems, and cuits. and eaten by hand like a sandwich.
drops. Mountain men called them 2 cups fine bread crumbs These were called shovel pancakes.
"splatter dabs," while cowboys called 1 cup milk (any kind) They're good served with hot syrup and
large tough pancakes "Saddleblankets." 1 tablespoon honey or molasses eaten with a fork. If there are syrup
Loggers liked to call them simply 2 tablespoons melted butter or marga- seeds in the syrup, pick them out.
"flats." rine Old-lime Oatmeal Pancakes
Pancakes can be made from a dozen 2 teaspoons baking powder 1 Vi cups cooked oatmeal
different kinds of flour or you can use salt to taste Vi cup flour
rice, oatmeal, cornmeal, potatoes, grits Combine baking powder and salt with 1 teaspoon baking powder
or breadcrumbs. They can be made with bread crumbs, pour over the milk, and V2 teaspoon salt
baking powder, soda, cream of tartar, let soak about five minutes; then whip 1 egg
sourdough, sour milk, buttermilk, yeast, with a form or egg beater. Add beaten V* cup milk (any kind)
eggs or snow. eggs with sweetener, along with melted 2 tablespoons melted butter
Snow? That caught my attention too, butter, and whip some more. If too thin, Sift together dry ingredients, set aside.
the first time I saw the recipe. Instead of add a few more bread crumbs. Bake on Add milk and beaten egg to cold cooked
eggs in your regular recipe, use four hot griddle in small drollops. Makes oatmeal; add flour mixture and melted
tablespoons of fresh snow. Snow, for about 2-dozen small hotcakes. Serve butter. Fry on hot griddle.
some unknown reason (to me, at least), with whipped butter. Home-Made Syrup
has the same effect on batter as eggs There are almost as many different 2 cups brown sugar (mix)
have, two tablespoons of snow equaling names for hotcake syrup as there are for 2 cups corn syrup
one egg. The batter is made rather thick, the pancakes. "Larripy-dope" is a log- Vi cup water
and the snow mixed with the batter just ger's term for any kind of syrup and you Bring to slow boil. Add a few drops of
before pouring on the hot griddle. also hear " l i c k , " " l o n g - s w e e t n e r , " maple flavoring if you have it. Another
One summer five of us packed into the "larrup," and " d r i p " to name only a way is just plain white sugar added to
rugged Blackriver Canyon of Arizona on few. But no matter what it's called, be it water, let boil until of desired thickness.
a trout fishing trip. We took along all our sorghum, molasses or maple, in the Add maple flavoring.
needs which included plenty of grub, on summertime ants are always a problem. Whipped Butter
five mules. However, we stayed several My husband Mack tells of the time he Combine and cream together Vi pound
days longer than anticipated and the and one of the Apache cowboys rode into butter and Vi cup honey. Add Vi cup
morning we were to leave, I discovered camp late. They prepared supper by lan- whipping cream. Whip until fluffy.
there wasn't a smidgeon of flour in tern light and when the Apache poured Maple-Butter Whip
camp. Nor, was there any bread except syrup from the can onto his hot biscuits, Combine Vi cup butter and Vi cup maple
for a half dozen slices of left-over toast. he could see little foreign bodies floating syrup. Whip.
We had two eggs and one can of milk. around in the sweet liquid. Mack took a Molasses Whip
French toast would have been fine had close look and said, " O h , that's just syr- Combine Vi cup mollasses and Vi cup
there been enough left-over bread. So, up seeds. They won't hurt you." The butter. Cream together, heat, and serve
instead, I made bread-crumb pancakes. Apache shrugged his shoulders, casually over pancakes.
52 Desert/May 1980
COYDOGS:
Can They Be lamed?
Story and Photos by Karen Sausman
S
we could persuade them to eat." individuals have crossbred coyotes with do-
hile "tame" coyotes certainly are not domestic mestic dogs, hoping that the offspring will re-
A WINNER
Desert/May 1980
Desert's May Contest winner for
his "Harvest Moon Over Arches,"
shot on a Minolta X-7, f/11 at 1/30
sec, using infra-red film.
[See page 35 for contest rules.] 57
THE
TRADING
WANTED: Worked out placer claims or mines,
BOOKS/MAGAZINES MAPS mineral rights, low producing oil properties, oil
leases and deeds. Send complete details to Tom
Kenny, Drawer 2079, La Jolla, CA 92038.
SUBSCRIBE TO the magazine that tells how to OLD STATE, Railroad, County Maps. 70-110
live in a desert, rural area. Also contains fiction, years old. All States. Stamp for catalog.
recipes, home furnishing tips—all sorts of good- Northern Map, Dept. DM, Dunnellon, Fl. 32630.
ies. Published quarterly. $4 per year. DESERT
LIVING, Star Rt. Box 6772, Pahrump, Nev.
89041. MINING "The original of this painting not for sale. Now
In the collection of Dr. & Mrs. R. S. Baddour,
DESERT MAGAZINE from Dec, 1969 to pre- Palm Springs, California."
sent. Best offer plus shipping. Nelson F. Arnold, EXCITING GOLD RUSH of "79" is on! Go for it!
Stake your claim! Info, Forms, Plat Maps, Ad-
25-5th Ave. S.E., Oelwein, Iowa50662. vice. '79ers Gold Pak $5.00. D-Jem-Trac Mines,
FOR SALE: full set "Desert Rat Scrapbook" by
Hayfork, Calif. 96041.
Harry Oliver. Mint condition. Highest offer! Call ASSAYS—Gold & Silver $10.00. High quality
(602) 997-6072 or 944-3926. spectrographic analysis for 65 metals $9.00.
Free price list. Reed Engineering, 2166 College
DESERT MAGAZINE, 229 Issues, 1956-1979 Ave., Costa Mesa, Calif. 92627.
inc. Excellent. $65, plus UPS. H.L. Reiter, Box
324, Yarnell, AZ85362. OLD GOLD AND SILVER MINES: Some with
cabins, as low as $1,500 for 20 acre claim. Pana-
EQUIPMENT mint Valley area. Free List. Connolly, Box 67D,
Trona, CA 93562.
BUILD YOUR OWN electronic dry gold
processor, detailed plans, $11.95. Harrison, SEED/PLANTS
8902 Randolph, Riverside, CA 92503.
PRECISION LAPIDARY Abrasive Compounds JOJOBA—25 clean seed, instructions. $1.50
for tumbling, polishing and grinding. Send for prepaid. Indian Trail Nursery, Star Rt. 2, Box
free catalogue and price list. MDC Industries, 75, Twentynine Palms, California 92277.
400 West Glenwood Avenue, Philadelphia, PA. ' On Sale at UUUiCMAGAZINE'S *
19140. Dealer Inquiries invited. WESTERN ART GALLERY Su.thm. et
TREASURE FINDERS
AUTOMATIC GOLDPANNER. Pan for gold the 74-425 HIGHWAY 111
easy way. From $395. Goldhound, 4078 Lincoln PALM DESERT, CALIF.
Blvd. Marina Del Rey, CA 90291. (213) TREASURE — Locate quarter mile away with ul-
822-2252. trasensitive locator—brochure free. Research
Products, Box 13441-BUC, Tampa, Florida
MISCELLANEOUS 33611
HOW TO
FREE LITERATURE AND SAMPLE of Aloe
Vera Product. Suntan lotion, cosmetics, first aid
INSTANT RICHES—Explore ghost towns. Find
buried treasure, coins, relics, antiques, and
PLACE YOUR
burn gel and creme, liquid gel, face-lift kit.
Write Aloe, P.O. Box 8418, Corpus Christi, Tex.
more. Goldak—the finest "Metal and Treasure
Locators since 1933." Send for free catalog. TRADING POST AD
78412. Goldak, Dept. D, 626 Sonora Avenue, Glendale,
California 91201. Mail your copy and first-insertion re-
STAMP COLLECTORS! 200 beautiful, high
quality stamps, plus monthly price listing mittance to: Trading Post, Desert
service. Send $1 to K. Stamps Co., P.O. Box
921, Capitola, CA 95010. GEMS Magazine, Palm Desert, Calif. 92260.
Classified rates are 50c per word,
WILL KIT includes 64-page attorney's booklet, SHAMROCK ROCK SHOP, 593 West La Ca-
"What Everyone Should Know About Wills" $5.00 minimum per insertion.
dena Dr., Riverside, California 92501. Parallel to
and 4 Will Forms, only $5 postpaid. (Free: Riverside Freeway. Phone 686-3956. Come in
"Personal Assets Record" and "Executor's and browse; jewelry mountings, chains, sup-
Duties") INFORMATIVE PUBLICIST, Dept. B., plies, minerals, slabs, rough material, equip-
1009 N. Curry St., Box 2064, Carson City, ment, black lights, metal detectors, maps, rock
Nevada 89701. and bottle books.
AGATE CLOCKS OR WINDCHIMES: $22.50
postpaid. Satisfaction Guaranteed. Gemclox, PROSPECTING
Box 35695, Houston, TX 77035.
DRYWASHERS! GOLD CONCENTRATORS!
THE CALIFORNIA WAY, Invest in 2nd Trust Guaranteed to recover minerals, gold. A hobby
Deeds, $3 complete, CALWAY, P.O. Box 4601, that pays for itself! Write to: Nick's Nugget, Deadline (or
San Diego, CA 92104. P. O. Box 1081, Fontana, California 92335. (7141 Classified Ads
822-2846. is 10th of second
GOLD PROSPECTORS. New methods for the month preceding
REAL ESTATE 1980s. Everything has changed. Here's know- cover date.
how from 50 years of experience. $3 to
Hardrock, 402 W. Yaney, Bishop, CA 93514.
ROUND VALLEY and ESSEX PROPERTY FOR
SALE. For information call or write Bob Gaskin, DRYWASHER! Mighty Midas Gold Concentrat-
PO Box 7326, Riverside, CA 92513. (714) or, Exc. recovery, good cond. $250. K.E. Harms,
685-6295. P.O. Box 91, Shoshone, ca 92384, (714)852-4471
58 Desert/May 1980
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This first Ruger Over and Under Shotgun is a perfect- Every feature of the new gun reflects traditional
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